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Death anxiety and the attitudes of nurses towards dying patients in a private acute care hospitalGovender, Mogavani 10 November 2006 (has links)
Faculty of Health Sciences
Schoolof Nursing Thearpeutic Sciences
0210998w
0842097202 / In order for caregivers to be better able to work with dying patients, they need to confront
their fears about their own mortality and explore their feelings about their personal and
professional losses. The importance of death anxiety research rests on the premise that
death is an eventuality that everyone faces and how health professionals, specifically,
deal with death anxiety is of considerable relevance as to the quality of care given to the
terminally ill patient.
The purpose of this study was to identify, explore and describe nurses’ personal fear of
death (death anxiety) and explore whether an association exists between death anxiety
and their attitudes towards dying patients in a private acute care hospital in Johannesburg.
A quantitative, descriptive correlational survey was conducted to examine the
relationship between death anxiety and nurses’ attitudes toward terminally ill patients in a
private acute care hospital in the province of Gauteng in South Africa.
Various extraneous variables have been identified and defined. No attempt was made to
control or manipulate the situation as it was currently occurring. The study population
comprised of all nurses working in this hospital who fulfilled the stipulated selection
criteria. Data were obtained from nurses through the use of a self-administered
questionnaire. The response rate was 42% of the expected population. A total of 93
responses were received. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze data and the
significance of the relationships between variables was determined using the Fishers
exact test (p-value of 0.05).
The findings of this study were consistent to that of similar studies. Findings suggest high
levels of death anxiety within the study population with correlating negative death
attitudes. This may be associated with the fact that a significant proportion of the study
sample was younger and less experienced as opposed to those who demonstrated lower
levels of death anxiety and positive death attitudes and were more experienced and older.
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A strong association was found between death anxiety and death attitudes. Statistically
significant relationships between age and length of nursing experience/exposure were
found. No significant relationships between sex, institutional support, death anxiety and
death attitudes were found. Of import, the need for ongoing terminal care education was
identified in this study.
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A questão da morte e a formação do psicólogo / Death and the formation of the psychology undergraduateKovacs, Maria Julia 23 May 1989 (has links)
Discute a formação do psicologo e como o tema da morte e contemplado nessa formação, na medida em que, como profissional de saúde, tem a morte no seu cotidiano profissional. Discute a inserção do tema da morte na graduação em psicologia, tracando um histórico de algumas experiencias entrangeiras. Descreve a criação e implantação de um curso de psicologia da morte no instituto de psicologia da USP, como disciplina optativa, apresentando objetivo, programa, estrategias e bibliografia, seguidos de reflexões e duvidas surgidas nesse processo. Analisa os discursos orais e escritos de 41 alunos que frequentaram o curso, apresenta suas representações de morte, motivos de escolha do curso e expectativas de seu trabalho diante da morte. Avalia o curso junto com os alunos, salientando os pontos positivos e negativos e as sugestões de modificação. Conclui que o curso psicologia da morte deve ser mantido devido a sua importância para a formação dos psicólogos da USP, e sugere que outros cursos de psicologia e os demais da área de saúde tomem esta experiencia como exemplo para a formação de um profissional mais sensível as necessidades de seus clientes / Death is one of man\'s basic worries as it is to Psychology, whose subject is the human being. If death is a social interdict, it can\'t be for the psychologist, that as a health professional, has death in his everyday work. The absence of the subject death in the Psychology Undergraduate Pro gram is pointed out. This issue is analysed and experiences of Death Education Courses in the EUA are referred. We suggest the creation of an optative course \"Psychology of Death\" in the Psychology Course at University of São Paulo, to sensibilize and stimulate reflection and discussion about death. The purposes, program, strategies and bibliography of the course are presented. Based on the analysis of oral and written accounts of 41 students that attended the course, we present their representations of death, the reasons for their choice of the course, and their expectations of dealing with death in their work. The course was evaluated by the teacher and students, being emphasized the positive and negative points, as well as, the modifications suggered. The conclusion was for the maintenance of the course \"Psychology of Death\" for two reasons. Firstly it has shown itself to be important in the formation process of the undergraduates in Psychology at the USP. Secondly, due to the need for both Psychology courses and others in the area of Health to take this experience as an example to prepare professionals more sensible to the needs of their clients
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The carer's initiation : a qualitative study of the experience of family care of the dyingNewbury, Margaret J. January 2009 (has links)
The aim of this study was to explore the experience of carers of family members dying at home with particular reference to their expectations and preparedness for the dying process. It was a qualitative, longitudinal study which initially followed a grounded theory approach. However, as a theatrical metaphor became apparent from the data the approach changed to dramaturgical analysis. Face to face semi-structured interviews were conducted with fifteen carers before and after the death of their family member. Carers were found to be performing a leading role in home palliative care but they experienced a universal sense of uncertainty and of being unrehearsed for their role in the dying process. They were reluctant to seek information to give them a script for their performance because it was painful and difficult to contemplate their family member dying. They needed the direction of health professionals and the support of paid carers but had variable experiences of these services. Carers’ performance types were also variable but tended to be towards the combative or the pragmatic end of a continuum. Their experience was illuminated through the dramaturgical metaphor of a play called the Carer’s Initiation. The climax of the play was the death of the family member followed by the finale in which they watch over the body until it is removed and they finally face a future without their family member. The carer’s initiation highlighted policy and practice implications for improving the preparation and support of carers for the dying process.
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In Pursuit of a Good Death: Managing Changing Sensibilities Toward Death and DyingHiley, Victoria January 2008 (has links)
Doctor of Juridical Science / This thesis challenges a number of claims that are made in the context of the euthanasia debate: that there is only one version of the good death; that rights discourse is the most appropriate vehicle by which to secure legal recognition of a right to die; that the Netherlands is either a model for reform or the epitome of a slippery slope in its regulation of euthanasia; and that a key argument in the euthanasia debate, the sanctity of life doctrine, is a fixed, immutable concept. In this thesis I use process sociology, developed by Norbert Elias, in order to capture changing sensibilities toward death and dying in the common law jurisdictions (Australia, England, the United States of America, Canada and New Zealand) and in the Netherlands. At the same time I analyse changing attitudes among key groups whose work impacts upon the euthanasia debate namely, parliamentarians, law reform bodies, the judiciary and medical associations. My aim in adopting this approach is threefold. First of all, to examine evolving attitudes to death and dying in order to determine whether the institutions of law and medicine are responding in an adequate manner to changing sensibilities in the common law countries and in the Netherlands. Secondly, to highlight shifting balances of power within the euthanasia debate. Thirdly, to assess whether the various options for reform that I discuss are workable or not. In this thesis I show that there appears to be a sensibility of support in the common law countries for euthanasia to be legally available when an adult is terminally ill, is experiencing pain that he or she cannot bear and has expressed a wish to die (the typical euthanasia scenario). However, the situation is far from clear cut. The methods adopted by one of the ways of measuring sensibilities, opinion polls, suggest that sensibilities may not always be well-informed. Further, attitudes within and between key groups are not uniform or settled. In the context of this unsettled state of affairs, I show that responses to changing sensibilities from law and medicine in the common law jurisdictions are far from satisfactory. So far as legal responses are concerned, case law outcomes in right to die applications suggest a lack of flexibility. Outcomes in prosecutions following active voluntary euthanasia or assisted suicide reveal a non-application of established legal principles and suggest that the courts do not focus, squarely, upon the real issues at stake in the euthanasia debate. Medical responses are similarly less than optimal due to a tendency to de-emphasise existential (emotional) pain which, research shows, is the prime motivating factor in requests to be assisted to die sooner. Responses to changing sensibilities to death and dying in the Netherlands are also unsatisfactory because of the disorganised manner in which euthanasia was legalised and because regulation is inadequate. I come to the conclusion that there are three ways in which we could possibly resolve these problems and increase the flexibility of responses to changing sensibilities toward death and dying. They are as follows: by legalising euthanasia; by permitting a defence of necessity; or, by liberalising the use of terminal sedation in end-of-life care. Of these three, I conclude, in light of shifting sensibilities and overall negative attitudes among key groups to euthanasia, that the last is the most appropriate option at the present time. In closing, I address some of the larger issues at stake in the euthanasia debate. In particular, I deal with the effect that changing sensibilities toward the process of dying have had upon human social life, leading to the problematic situation that Elias referred to as the ‘loneliness of the dying’.
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The understanding of death in England from c. 850 to c. 1100Thompson, Victoria Jane January 2000 (has links)
No description available.
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Experiences of critical care nurses of death and dying in an intensive care unit :|ba phenomenological studyNaidoo, Vasanthrie January 2011 (has links)
Dissertation submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree in Masters of Technology: Nursing, Durban University of Technology, 2011. / Background
Working in the intensive care unit can be traumatic for nursing personnel. Critical care nurses are faced with repeated exposure to death and dying as they are involved in caring for patients who are actively dying or who have been told that they have a terminal illness and are faced with the possibility of impending death. Critical care nurses relate in different ways to the phenomena of death and dying within their nursing profession and their scope of practice. These nurses often have a difficult time coping with the stress that comes with caring for those who are dying or relating to loved ones of those that are dying.
Aim of the study
The aim of the study was to explore the critical care nurse’s experiences of death and dying.
Methodology
A qualitative, descriptive phenomenological approach was used to guide the study. Four nurses were recruited and rich descriptions of their experiences were gained through individual face-to-face interviews. One broad question was asked: ‘What are your experiences regarding death and dying of your patients in ICU?’
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Results
The findings of this study revealed that issues such as communication, multicultural diversity, education and coping mechanisms relating to caring for the critically ill and dying patient are essential in nursing education and practice. Critical care nurses need to have support networks in place, not only to assist in providing care, but also for their own emotional support
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Health Expenditures, Time to Death, and Age: A Study of Individual-level, Longitudinal Data to Identify the Combined Role of Age and Mortality in Determining Health Utilization of the ElderlyPayne, Greg Jason 23 February 2011 (has links)
While there is great concern about the potential impact of aging populations on health care systems in the developed world, evidence from recent decades has shown at best a weak relationship between population aging and health expenditures at the aggregate level. This thesis explores the literature that frames the relationship between age and health care utilization in the context of reduced mortality and shorter periods of morbidity at the end of life. We add to this literature with an empirical study of individual health expenditures of the British Columbia senior population in the years 1991-2001 in the categories of hospital services, continuing care,
doctor billings, and pharmaceutical prescriptions. Expenditures for decedent and survivors of the same age are compared and are fitted to a model using age and time-to-death as explanatory factors. The partial derivative of the model with respect to age is analyzed for empirical
estimates of the effect of age after controlling for time-to-death. Results show that decedent costs rose over the study period while costs for survivors fell, particularly in continuing care, so
that the relative cost of dying increased. The effect of age, after controlling for time to death, was muted or negative for hospitals, doctors, and drugs, but strongly positive for continuing care and, as a result, for all services combined. Overall, these results suggest that age is not a ‘red
herring’, as some researchers have suggested, with respect to forecasting future demands on health systems. While future reductions in mortality and morbidity could mitigate pressures on hospitals, aging populations will put increased pressure on long-term residential care and other
forms of social care.
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In Pursuit of a Good Death: Managing Changing Sensibilities Toward Death and DyingHiley, Victoria January 2008 (has links)
Doctor of Juridical Science / This thesis challenges a number of claims that are made in the context of the euthanasia debate: that there is only one version of the good death; that rights discourse is the most appropriate vehicle by which to secure legal recognition of a right to die; that the Netherlands is either a model for reform or the epitome of a slippery slope in its regulation of euthanasia; and that a key argument in the euthanasia debate, the sanctity of life doctrine, is a fixed, immutable concept. In this thesis I use process sociology, developed by Norbert Elias, in order to capture changing sensibilities toward death and dying in the common law jurisdictions (Australia, England, the United States of America, Canada and New Zealand) and in the Netherlands. At the same time I analyse changing attitudes among key groups whose work impacts upon the euthanasia debate namely, parliamentarians, law reform bodies, the judiciary and medical associations. My aim in adopting this approach is threefold. First of all, to examine evolving attitudes to death and dying in order to determine whether the institutions of law and medicine are responding in an adequate manner to changing sensibilities in the common law countries and in the Netherlands. Secondly, to highlight shifting balances of power within the euthanasia debate. Thirdly, to assess whether the various options for reform that I discuss are workable or not. In this thesis I show that there appears to be a sensibility of support in the common law countries for euthanasia to be legally available when an adult is terminally ill, is experiencing pain that he or she cannot bear and has expressed a wish to die (the typical euthanasia scenario). However, the situation is far from clear cut. The methods adopted by one of the ways of measuring sensibilities, opinion polls, suggest that sensibilities may not always be well-informed. Further, attitudes within and between key groups are not uniform or settled. In the context of this unsettled state of affairs, I show that responses to changing sensibilities from law and medicine in the common law jurisdictions are far from satisfactory. So far as legal responses are concerned, case law outcomes in right to die applications suggest a lack of flexibility. Outcomes in prosecutions following active voluntary euthanasia or assisted suicide reveal a non-application of established legal principles and suggest that the courts do not focus, squarely, upon the real issues at stake in the euthanasia debate. Medical responses are similarly less than optimal due to a tendency to de-emphasise existential (emotional) pain which, research shows, is the prime motivating factor in requests to be assisted to die sooner. Responses to changing sensibilities to death and dying in the Netherlands are also unsatisfactory because of the disorganised manner in which euthanasia was legalised and because regulation is inadequate. I come to the conclusion that there are three ways in which we could possibly resolve these problems and increase the flexibility of responses to changing sensibilities toward death and dying. They are as follows: by legalising euthanasia; by permitting a defence of necessity; or, by liberalising the use of terminal sedation in end-of-life care. Of these three, I conclude, in light of shifting sensibilities and overall negative attitudes among key groups to euthanasia, that the last is the most appropriate option at the present time. In closing, I address some of the larger issues at stake in the euthanasia debate. In particular, I deal with the effect that changing sensibilities toward the process of dying have had upon human social life, leading to the problematic situation that Elias referred to as the ‘loneliness of the dying’.
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The eroticisation of death and dying in contemporary visual art cinematic practicesBarling, Bianca January 2008 (has links)
The topic of my research project is: 'An investigation of the eroticisation of death and dying in contemporary visual art cinematic practices'. In essence it involves an investigation of what may motivate an artist in desiring to find beauty in what is most fearful. The aims of the research are: i) broadly - to contribute to critical understandings concerning the place and importance of this topic within 'alternative popular cultures' - or 'sub-cultures' - as manifested particularly within contemporary visual art practice but also in music, film, television and some forms of performance; and ii), to develop a body of creative works capable of making a strong personal contribution to contemporary visual arts culture, through video, photography, performance and installation.
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A questão da morte e a formação do psicólogo / Death and the formation of the psychology undergraduateMaria Julia Kovacs 23 May 1989 (has links)
Discute a formação do psicologo e como o tema da morte e contemplado nessa formação, na medida em que, como profissional de saúde, tem a morte no seu cotidiano profissional. Discute a inserção do tema da morte na graduação em psicologia, tracando um histórico de algumas experiencias entrangeiras. Descreve a criação e implantação de um curso de psicologia da morte no instituto de psicologia da USP, como disciplina optativa, apresentando objetivo, programa, estrategias e bibliografia, seguidos de reflexões e duvidas surgidas nesse processo. Analisa os discursos orais e escritos de 41 alunos que frequentaram o curso, apresenta suas representações de morte, motivos de escolha do curso e expectativas de seu trabalho diante da morte. Avalia o curso junto com os alunos, salientando os pontos positivos e negativos e as sugestões de modificação. Conclui que o curso psicologia da morte deve ser mantido devido a sua importância para a formação dos psicólogos da USP, e sugere que outros cursos de psicologia e os demais da área de saúde tomem esta experiencia como exemplo para a formação de um profissional mais sensível as necessidades de seus clientes / Death is one of man\'s basic worries as it is to Psychology, whose subject is the human being. If death is a social interdict, it can\'t be for the psychologist, that as a health professional, has death in his everyday work. The absence of the subject death in the Psychology Undergraduate Pro gram is pointed out. This issue is analysed and experiences of Death Education Courses in the EUA are referred. We suggest the creation of an optative course \"Psychology of Death\" in the Psychology Course at University of São Paulo, to sensibilize and stimulate reflection and discussion about death. The purposes, program, strategies and bibliography of the course are presented. Based on the analysis of oral and written accounts of 41 students that attended the course, we present their representations of death, the reasons for their choice of the course, and their expectations of dealing with death in their work. The course was evaluated by the teacher and students, being emphasized the positive and negative points, as well as, the modifications suggered. The conclusion was for the maintenance of the course \"Psychology of Death\" for two reasons. Firstly it has shown itself to be important in the formation process of the undergraduates in Psychology at the USP. Secondly, due to the need for both Psychology courses and others in the area of Health to take this experience as an example to prepare professionals more sensible to the needs of their clients
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