ABSTRACT Ethnicity has been a focus of socio-scientific research for at least three decades, but for the greater part of that period it has been virtually ignored by archaeologists. As a result, many researchers remain committed to an essentialist approach to ethnicity. The reluctance to respond to such views by taking up more explicitly the dynamic and situational approaches to identity, as is currently underway in anthropology and sociology, arise from several sources, which undeniably also include the political. Ultimately, though, the essential reason is practical. The literature demonstrates that ethnicity and ethnic identity are slippery concerns in contemporary societies, let alone in pre-historic social contexts. Rock art presents an opportunity for assessing assumptions about identityconsciousness. It provides a category of material culture for the establishment of historical and chronological records of multi-cultural interaction and ensuing episodes of adaptation and change. Engraved art is a source of information on past societies, subsistence strategies and, most importantly, on the development of cohesive social systems and social consciousness. Artwork is the most obvious example of symbolic storage outside the human mind, yet it is not universally practised by huntergatherers and it cannot therefore be used as the sole criterion for recognising modern symbolism, modern behaviour, and ethnicity. Given this ambiguity with regards the function of rock art in the demarcation of territorial boundaries and in the construction of social and ethnic identities, an exploration of additional spheres of ethnic conception and assertion may illuminate the question of how San huntergatherers conceived and conveyed their respective identities. This investigation into the association between art and ethnicity is founded upon the conviction that the complexity of social identity must be explored on a dynamic continuum that allows for interface between varied social factors. Notions concerning the ethnic orientation of social groups are represented, either unconsciously or purposefully, in socio-cultural spheres as diverse as territoriality, subsistence economy, language, religion, and also aesthetic and artistic cultural patterns. This study of the relationship between conceptions of identity and engraved art aspires to augment the existing understanding of the origins of processes of identity-formation, how such processes operate, and how they may be manifest in material cultural contexts.

Thesis advisor: Natalia Sarkisian / In an attempt to address issues with the changing demographics in Major League Baseball, most notably the declining black presence in the game, this study researches the sports media industry and its influence on professional baseball. Using a quantitative content analysis on Sports Illustrated articles, this study is able to find important results regarding the sports media’s coverage of race/ethnicity, specifically in terms of numerical representation. With agenda-setting theory as a foundation, this study converts sports media coverage results into wide-ranging conclusions about the potential benefits of using targeted sports media coverage to extend affirmative action efforts in professional baseball. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2015. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Departmental Honors. / Discipline: Sociology.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / I set out to rethink the ongoing conflict in North Kivu and South Kivu in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). I highlight two problems with regards to the current conceptualisation of the conflict in North Kivu and South Kivu. The first is a theoretical problem and here I demonstrate that the Banyarwanda and Banyamulenge’s quest for belonging has so far been restricted to citizenship. Congolese Banyarwanda and the Banyamulenge find themselves in a peculiar situation, at various times in the postcolonial Congolese state they had recognition from above but lacked recognition from below. It is in this context that a politics of belonging developed. The second problem is with regards to the history of the conflict. I argue that most scholarly works take the 1993 conflict in North Kivu as the starting point of the conflict, but the conflict can be traced back to an earlier date. It was with this in mind that I pose the following question: Can the conflict in North and South Kivu in the DRC be considered as a politics of belonging between indigenous Congolese and Kinyarwanda speaking Congolese, and a contest for survival between Hutu and Tutsi elites?

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李嘉文. / Thesis submitted in: June 2009. / Thesis (M.Div.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 61-70). / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Li Jiawen. / 致謝 --- p.i / 摘要 --- p.ii / Abstract --- p.iii / 引言 --- p.1 / Chapter 1. --- 硏究背景 --- p.1 / Chapter 2. --- 研究範圍和進路 --- p.3 / Chapter 1. --- 方法論的探索 --- p.8 / Chapter 1.1. --- 過去研究成果 --- p.8 / Chapter 1.1.1. --- 保羅詮釋的猶太視野 --- p.8 / Chapter 1.1.2. --- 心理學進路 --- p.9 / Chapter 1.1.3. --- 社會學進路 --- p.10 / Chapter 1.1.4. --- 宗教理論框架 --- p.12 / Chapter 1.2. --- 宗教經驗：一個方法論的嘗試 --- p.14 / Chapter 2. --- 文本分析：林前12:13的問題 --- p.18 / Chapter 2.1. --- 「直接處境」：林前12至14章 --- p.18 / Chapter 2.2. --- 「猶太人、希臘人」與處境無關？ --- p.23 / Chapter 2.2.1. --- 林前12:13的傳統：作為洗禮宣言 --- p.23 / Chapter 2.2.2. --- 林前12:13的傳統：作為政治宣言 --- p.25 / Chapter 2.2.3. --- 哥林多前書中的「猶太人、希臘人」 --- p.26 / Chapter 2.3. --- 哥林多前書的猶太元素 --- p.28 / Chapter 3. --- 宗教經驗與跨種族群體形成 --- p.32 / Chapter 3.1. --- 個人歸信經驗：從民族宗教到普世宗教 --- p.32 / Chapter 3.2. --- 使徒行傳的傳統 --- p.34 / Chapter 3.3. --- 保羅的理解 --- p.36 / Chapter 3.3.1. --- 對靈恩現象的歸因 --- p.36 / Chapter 3.3.2. --- 對外邦人加入信仰群體的詮釋 --- p.38 / Chapter 3.3.3. --- 對割禮、飲食和「潔淨」問題的處理 --- p.39 / Chapter 3.3.4. --- 小結 --- p.41 / Chapter 3.4. --- 作為群體論述的林前12:13 --- p.41 / Chapter 4. --- 宗教經驗與跨種族群體實踐 --- p.44 / Chapter 4.1. --- 宗教經驗與群體論述：無意識的揭示 --- p.44 / Chapter 4.2. --- 宗教經驗與群體論述：宗教距離的拉近 --- p.48 / Chapter 4.2.1. --- 學習理論：外在的超越主體性 --- p.48 / Chapter 4.2.2. --- 集體無意識：内在的超越主體性 --- p.49 / Chapter 4.3. --- 認知理論：從群體到宇宙的團結 --- p.51 / Chapter 4.4. --- 結構化理論：宗教經驗與實踐分歧 --- p.55 / 結論 --- p.58 / Chapter 1. --- 林前12:13的詮釋 --- p.58 / Chapter 2. --- 宗教經驗的詮釋進路 --- p.59 / Chapter 3. --- 後語：跨種族團結的歷史經驗 --- p.60 / 參考書目 --- p.61

Cette recherche interroge l’émergence, les usages et les enjeux du recours à une catégorie de « migrants », dans les politiques françaises et actions de lutte contre les inégalités sociales face au diabète de type 2. La sociohistoire de l’émergence de la question du diabète des « migrants » réalisée, montre comment la littérature médicale peut, en pointant des facteurs de risques différents selon les groupes sociaux, participer à la construction de catégories de patients. L’analyse menée souligne l’amalgame entre groupes ethniques, groupes raciaux et groupes génétiquement homogènes, à l’origine du récit différencialiste des causes du diabète. Récit, aujourd’hui mobilisé par les autorités publiques pour organiser une distribution ciblée des soins préventifs du diabète et de ses complications. Au cœur des interactions soignants-soignés en milieu hospitalier, l’analyse des contours, des usages de cette catégorie, et des pratiques de soins qu’elle suscite (en particulier lors de l’éducation thérapeutique), souligne que les traitements différenciés qui y ont cours, n’ont pas toujours les effets escomptés sur la situation de ces soignés. La lecture culturaliste faisant des comportements des soignés la principale cause des écarts de santé, occulte les inégalités sociales et économiques préexistantes, et participe à les renforcer. Quadrillées par les directives de santé publique, l’analyse des marges de manœuvre des soignants et des soignés, permet de mettre en évidence que ces politiques visent moins à agir sur les déterminants sociaux des inégalités de santé qu’à enjoindre les acteurs sociaux à atteindre l’égalité en adoptant les comportements des groupes sociaux majoritaires. / This research questions the emergence, the uses and the direction of the resort to a category of “migrants”, in the French politics and the actions to reduce social inequalities in front of diabetes mellitus. The sociohistory of the emergence of the question about the diabetes of the "migrants", shows how the medical literature can, by pointing different risk factors according to the social groups, participate in the construction of categories of patients. The led analysis underlines the mixture between ethnic, racial and genetically groups, at the origin of the differentialist narrative about the causes of the diabetes. This reading is today mobilized by the public authorities to organize a specific distribution of health preventive care of diabetes and its complications. In health relation, the analysis of the practices, and in particular the therapeutic patient education, underlines that differential treatments exists, but all have no expected effects. The culturalist view making behavior of patients the main cause of their health condition, can impact the medical course, and also, increase the social inequalities. Guided by the directives of public health, the analysis of the margins of action of the professionals and patients, allows to see that these politics aim less to act on the social determinants of health inequalities that to order the individuals to reach the equality by adopting the majority social groups behaviors.

This dissertation seeks to explore the complex issue of ethnic identity in the context of Classic period Mesoamerica at the urban center of Teotihuacan. Teothihuacan, located in the central highlands region of Mexico, has revealed invaluable information regarding the nature of the formation and maintainence of ethnicity and ethnic identity during the Classic period. During its peak, Teotihuacan housed a number of foreign populations, including groups with ties to Oaxaca, the Gulf Coast, the Maya region, and Michoacán. While evidence for the first three is well documented, the Michoacán presence at Teotihuacan has been for less straightforward. The major goal of this research was to explore the complex nature of this presence at Teotihuacan with regards to the N1W5:19 structure which was identified as having housed a potentially ethnic Michoacán presence between 350-650 CE. Based on excavations from 1991, this analysis uses both the household and burial assemblages as points of evidence for the formation and maintenance of a Michoacán identity at Teotihuacan.

This thesis is about the ontology and epistemology of foreignness. With other issues,it developed through a series of conversations on foreignness with Australian and international writers and intellectuals, and a subsequent series of radio essays and conversations based on some of the dialogues. A critical framework is developed which examines the relationships between foreignness, cultural identity and the practice of writing through a series of dialogues. The author's analysis involves exploring how the conversations 'speak' the personal and political experiences of living and writing as a foreigner. The interest lies in the various ways narrating one's life touches on certain elements in the aesthetics and politics of writing.The politics of experience and aesthethic production intertwine throughout the conversations and in the production of the text. As the thesis is dialogic in character, the reader can choose to work through the thesis in a linear fashion or to begin at any part. In this sense, the work is divided into three interrelated parts which can be read as different translations of each other. In the last part, in CD format, the author discusses and includes as a postscript to the research, the radio essays and dialogues based on conversations. It is suggested how these radio conversations enact a different way of speaking and writing about foreignness, and explore the on-going relationships between dialogue, translation and a critical imagination. / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Maori identity has changed as a result of many factors including colonisation, assimilation and social change. Traditional Maori identity is constructed within whanau, hapu and iwi relations. As Maori have moved away from traditional iwi areas, the traditional forms of identification as Maori have been challenged. Maori whanau with at least two generations present, were interviewed using open-ended questions. Interviews were then transcribed and coded to ascertain important features of Maori identity. This research shows that Maori participants identified with most of the traditional forms of Maoridom such as the importance of land, language, whakapapa and traditions. The Treaty of Waitangi has become a form of identification for some Maori, particularly urban Maori. There were also some differences between generations within whanau and between rural and urban Maori. Grounded theory was used within the scope of this research as it was deemed to be more reflective of Maori realities than conventional (i.e., Western) psychological theories. Maori participants indicated concern with some themes within New Zealand society that have a negative impact on Maori identity. Social expectations, negative stereotypes and commercialism were major concerns for Maori. Issues with education, power, money and finance and politics were also deemed of great concern and a threat to a positive Maori identity. Participants also commented on the need for more positive role models for young Maori and the need for bicultural initiatives to improve Maori and Pakeha relations. Recommendations are that there should be more money focused on positive initiatives rather than focusing on prisons and welfare. There should also be more emphasis on the Treaty of Waitangi in education with emphasis on why it is important in New Zealands history.