Bakgrund: Koloskopi utförs i diagnostiskt syfte, vid uppföljningar av olika tarmsjukdomar och i behandlande syfte. I och med ökad livslängd, fler cancerfall och utökad screeningsverksamhet kommer antalet koloskopiundersökningar att öka. Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att belysa faktorer som påverkar patientens situation vid koloskopiundersökning. Metod: I denna litteraturstudie har nio kvantitativa och en två-fas studie granskats och analyserats. Sökningarna av artiklarna genomfördes i databaserna CINAHL och PubMed. Även manuell sökning genomfördes. Resultat: Analysen resulterade i tre kategorier och fyra underliggande subkategorier. Fysiska och psykiska faktorer; Smärta och obehag, Oro. Psykologiska faktorer; Skam och genans. Sociala faktorer; Bemötande och samspel mellan patient och vårdpersonal. Resultatet visade  att ovanstående faktorer påverkar patienten negativt inför och under koloskopiundersökningen. Resultatet visade även att det fanns könsskillnader som påverkar situationen vid koloskopiundersökningen. Konklusion: Behov finns att lyfta fram och belysa de faktorer som påverkar patientens situation vid koloskopiundersökning. För sjuksköterskan är det viktigt att ha kunskap om dessa faktorer för att kunna bemöta och ha ett samspel med patienten och få en djupare förståelse av vad det innebär för patienten att genomgå en koloskopiundersökning. Nyckelord: colonoscopy, experience, anxiety, attitudes, patient

Background: Every year, in Sweden, 250 children and adolescents below 15 years of age are diagnosed with cancer. Over 75% of those diagnosed are cured. Cancer affects not only the child but the whole family. Siblings of the affected child can easily suffer from a lack of attention. Aim: This study aimed to illuminate siblings' experiences of living in a family with a child affected by cancer. Method: A literature-based study based on nine qualitative studies. Results: The result showed that it was important for siblings to have someone close and not be alone, they needed to feel a community. Not to know and not to understand what has happened made them to feel grief, fear, stress and jealousy. Many siblings felt an insecurity because of a feeling of being forgotten, neglected and a feeling of loneliness due to the changes in everyday life. Conclusion: Parents to a child with cancer have often prioritized the sick child and the needs of the siblings, are left aside. Because the siblings often get sidelined they feel an insecurity when their everyday living get different. If the siblings get a positive experience from this period of illness, this may lead to a positive experience in life which make it easier to process what was happened.

Coaches learn from a number of different situations and their past experiences influence what they choose to pay attention to and learn (Werthner & Trudel, 2009). Understanding the process of learning to coach can be explored holistically over the course of an individual’s lifespan. This thesis is guided by Jarvis’ (2006, 2007, 2009) theory of human learning, which takes a psychosocial perspective to understanding the way that individuals perceive their social situations, change their biographies, and become who they are over the course of their lives. The purpose of this dissertation is to explore the biographies of five Canadian women coaches to understand how the multitude of experiences throughout their lives have contributed to their learning and coaching development. Four in-depth interviews were conducted and transcribed verbatim with each coach. From these interviews a biographical narrative analysis was created to document how each coach learned throughout her life. The transcripts and narrative analyses were member checked to augment trustworthiness. Four articles and one research note comprise the results section. The main points in this dissertation are as follows: (a) experiences in primary and secondary socialization influenced the coaches’ approaches to coaching; (b) specific meaningful learning experiences helped the coaches develop and become experienced as coaches; (c) values develop throughout life experiences and influence coaching actions; (d) Jarvis’ theory is used to explore my own process of learning throughout the PhD degree, and how this learning was influenced by my lifetime of experiences to date; and (e) a brief research note highlights how the research process was a co-creation between the researcher and the participants. These findings add to the emerging body of literature on female coaches and coach learning by further understanding how the coaches’ biographies determined what kinds of learning opportunities they each found meaningful; the importance of social connections in learning to coach; and the importance of reflection in understanding the interconnections of learning from life experiences. The study may motivate women coaches in understanding how lifelong learning influences their career paths and it informs coach education programs about the muddled reality of coaches’ learning and development.

国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

This thesis attempt to uncover the qualitative different ways that Taiwanese workers experienced health. Workers' health is important to a country's economic, cultural and social development. Both Taiwanese government and health professionals acknowledgement the importance of health. A considerable amount of literature has been released over the past two decades in Taiwan around related issues. Most published research has reported investigation into occupational disease diagnosis, disease prevention, safety behaviours and health-related intervention for behaviour change. None has addressed the health experiences of workers. To address this gap in knowledge and literature, phenomenographic research has been completed to identify and describe the ways in which Taiwanese workers in an industrial complex experience health. In-depth interview was undertaken with eighteen participants. The interview was tape-recorded and then transcribed verbatim. Data was collected in Mandarin or Taiwanese and analysed in Chinese. This avoids the loss or change of original meaning during the translation process. Significant quotations were then translated to English by the principal researcher. Discussions between the researcher and supervisor, and between researcher and another native English speaker who is be able to read Chinese were continuous through the analysis process to ensure that the English translation is as close possible as to the original meaning. The outcomes of the research have been the identification of five conceptions of health which together represent understanding of the experience and the meaning of health. The five distinct conceptions are: health is absence of disease; health is a holistic view of the body function; health is a reward of doing 'good' deeds; health as living a healthy lifestyle; and health as a consequence of stress management. All conceptions combined constitute an outcome space that represents the referential and structural relationship between conceptions. The research outcomes contribute to an understanding of how a group of Taiwanese workers were aware of their health experience and have significant implications for health professionals in developing and conducting health intervention, for policy makers in planning occupational health policies, for describing health with a cultural context and for educators of health professionals. Furthermore, this research provides the basis for further research into specific aspects of health and its meaning in different work settings.

Abstract The nursing and midwifery workforce is becoming increasingly mobile and the globalisation of the midwifery workforce has been fuelled by the marketing strategies used by employers within Queensland to recruit midwives from overseas to fill vacancies within both the public and private sector. The United Kingdom has been specifically targeted, and the numbers of nurses and midwives moving to Queensland has more than doubled in five years and continues to rise. Little is known about the reasons why midwives are leaving the United Kingdom and what their experience is of working within midwifery in Queensland. This research was conducted within a phenomenological framework. A total of 18 midwives who had moved to Queensland within an eight year period were interviewed, who also completed a reflective journal about their motivations for moving, and subsequent experience of midwifery within Queensland. Data analysis was undertaken using an adaptation of the Van Kaam method of analysis of phenomenological data, as described by Moustakas. A Textural –Structural description of the meanings and essences of the experience incorporating the invariant constituents and themes was constructed for each participant. From the Textural –Structural Descriptions from all of the participants a composite description was constructed of the meanings and essences of the group experience. The reasons for leaving the United Kingdom were predominantly associated with an expectation of achieving an improved lifestyle for themselves and their families; and there was also a sense of seeking adventure. Participants also expressed dissatisfaction with life in the United Kingdom, which was particularly associated with work related issues such as bullying and harassment, increased workloads and burn out. Midwives reported choosing Queensland because of weather and lifestyle factors, but were also influenced by having friends, family or former colleagues already settled in the State. The main essences of the reported experience of working within the midwifery profession in Queensland included feelings of fear, frustration, shock and sadness. Despite the initial difficulties experienced in settling in to the midwifery profession, most midwives found a way to resume their midwifery career in Queensland by moving between jobs until they found one that enabled them to practise midwifery in a way they were comfortable with. Recommendations are made based on the findings to guide employers in their recruitment practices and assist with orientation of midwives recruited from the United Kingdom with a view to improved retention. In order to avoid the feelings of frustration and sadness described by the midwives in this study, employers should seek to match the skills of the midwives recruited to the positions available within the unit, and ensure systems are in place to facilitate recognition of prior learning and early credentialing to allow midwives to practise to their full scope and ability. In addition, in order to enable UK trained midwives to practise at their highest potential, supportive management structures should include access for migrant midwives to support in adjusting to midwifery practice differences between the UK and Queensland.

Thesis (M.S.) in Human Development--University of Maine, 2004. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 51-55).

Thesis (M.A.)--Baylor University, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 36-39).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Toronto, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 264-276).

Thesis (S.T.L.)--Catholic University of America, 1989. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 126-131).