SAMMANFATTNING Bakgrund: tidigare studier tyder på att sociala medier har en negativ inverkan på det psykiska välmåendet. Samtidigt som användningen av sociala medier ökat bland unga vuxna, tenderar även det psykiska välmåendet försämras bland målgruppen. En grupp vars nedsatta psykiska välmående är särskilt utmärkande jämfört med jämnåriga yrkesverksamma, är studenter. Syfte: syftet är att undersöka förekomsten av psykiskt välmående och användandet av sociala medier bland studenter, samt undersöka sambandet mellan användandet av sociala medier och studenters psykiska välmående. Metod: en kvantitativ metod med tvärsnittsdesign tillämpades för att besvara studiens syfte. Data samlades in genom enkäter, som besvarades av 109 studenter på ett universitet i Mellansverige. Insamlat material analyserades genom frekvenstabeller och Spearman´s rho i SPSS. Resultat: studenter som ägnade mindre tid på sociala medier, främst på helger i högre utsträckning upplevde lycka och glädje, var nöjda och tillfreds samt kände att de tillhörde en gemenskap. Däremot påvisades inga signifikanta samband gällande användande av sociala medier och studenternas självuppskattade psykiska välbefinnande, känslan av varma och tillitsfulla relationer eller självförtroende att ha egna tankar och åsikter. Slutsats: ett svagt negativt samband påvisades gällande tidsåtgången på sociala medier och ett fåtal aspekter utifrån självuppskattat välmående.Nyckelord: sociala medier, socialt kapital, student, ung, välbefinnande

BACKGROUND: Globally, 80% of children with cancer live in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) and 20% or less are expected to survive. Research demonstrates a gap on recording experiences of planners who have successfully established a pediatric cancer unit (PCU), lack of studies on systematic, evidence-based planning of a PCU, and absence of an actionable, practical framework that guides planners. OBJECTIVES: This qualitative study used a case study approach to examine the key elements in the planning process of effectively establishing a new PCU and identify the challenges that need to be addressed. METHODS: Porter’s Value Chain Model served as the theoretical framework to guide the research agenda. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted in 2017 with a purposive sample of 35 key informants reflecting experiences from 30 countries. An interview guide was developed and recruitment continued until saturation. Participants included physicians, nurses, architects, administrators, consultants, and academicians. Data were also employed from three other sources: document review, observation, and pre-dissertation findings. Interviews were recorded, transcribed using REV, and analyzed using NVIVO. Data were analyzed using a thematic analysis and principles of grounded theory method were applied in the interview guide design and analysis. RESULTS: Respondents reported nine strategic elements essential in the process: leadership, mission, planning principles, organizational structure, situation analysis, medical model, financing, stakeholders, and international partnerships. Corruption, distrustful culture, ineffective communication, and lack of data were cited as key barriers. DISCUSSION: Documenting best practices and implementing a data-driven, systems-based planning is essential in advancing local PCU management know-how in LMIC. The modified Porter’s Value Model showed promise as a generalizable model for future public health practitioners and created a framework for systems-based, multidisciplinary approach in strategic planning. / 2020-06-30T00:00:00Z

The Swedish school is not only an institution for learning. It is also the most significant social context for its students. In the Swedish regulatory documents for school the importance of democracy, democratic values and becoming a citizen of a democratic society is emphasized, as is the importance of interaction. When the number of students with foreign background is increasing in Swedish classrooms, there can be cultural and linguistic challenges to this. Getting students, as well as their parents, who might be newly arrived in Sweden or have lesser linguistic skills to participate in the school context demands to overcome language as well as cultural barriers. This research emanates from the notion of positive academic outcomes due to increasing participation in school. The studies focus on the relationships between teachers’ and students’ ratings of availability of school related activities and the frequency of attending them. Students’ and teachers’ ratings are subjected to principal component analysis showing different outcomes where teachers have an academic focus and students have a social focus. Teacher ratings of frequency of attending are related to academic achievement while student ratings are not. Parental involvement in terms of communication with school is also explored showing over all coherence between parents and teachers. Teachers rate the communication and trust between school and home higher regarding students with lower grades. Students with native and non-native mother tongue rate the availability and frequency of attending in school activities differently. Student with a non-native mother tongue rate the availability lower but their frequency of attending higher. Teachers’ ratings do not differ between students with native or non-native mother tongue. This thesis assesses participation in terms of attending but not involvement. A review of studies in the Nordic countries that study participation shows that attendance is often used as a measurement of participation but often rated by an observer. This research shows that the complexity of the concept of participation creates challenges in the pursuit of capturing it in scientific studies. The results show that students experience their school context differently than teachers, there are also differences between students with native and non-native mother tongue. Teachers have an academic focus while students have more of a social focus. This is especially pronounced for students with non-native mother tongue. As the number of students with foreign background is increasing, so is the number of students with non-native mother tongue. In order to promote participation in school for all students and to provide them with the prerequisites to become citizens of a democratic society, school needs to be more receptive to students own perception of the school context.

No description available.

Aim: The aim of the study was to explore the association between school pressure and psychosomatic health complaints and the potentially moderating effect of physical activity in a Swedish cohort of adolescents.Method: Cross-sectional data from the Swedish Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey of 2017/2018 was used, with participants aged 11-15 (n=3,745). The exposure was school pressure, which was measured with one question. The outcome was psychosomatic complaints, with information on the frequency of eight complaints which was added to an index. Physical activity was measured with one question. Covariates were gender, grade, and family affluence. First, Cross-tabulations with Chi squared tests were performed to examine patterns related to the exposure variable, school pressure and the covariates as well, and one- way ANOVA was used to explore the bivariate association between school pressure and psychosomatic complaints. Next, linear regression analyses were conducted to examine the association between school pressure and psychosomatic health complaints, with adjusted models including age, gender, familial socioeconomic status, and physical activity. Moderation was examined with a multiplicative interaction term which was evaluated with a Wald test, as well as with a combined variable of both school pressure and physical activity.  Results: The results suggest that higher levels of school pressure were significantly associated with higher levels of psychosomatic health complaints. The association persisted even after the adjustment for covariates. The interaction analyses did not present any moderating effect of physical activity. However, the combined variable analysis showed indications of a buffering effect: for students in the high school pressure group, those with low physical activity had more psychosomatic health complaints than those with high physical activity, the difference being statistically significant.  Conclusion: This study helps further the knowledge on how adolescents’ experiences of school pressure is associated with psychosomatic health complaints and how physical activity can buffer against this association. Suggestions on future research and important study strengths and limitations were discussed.  Keywords  School pressure, psychosomatic health complaints, physical activity, adolescents, moderation.

Bakgrund: Arbetsförmedlingens höga sjukfrånvaro är alarmerande och åtgärder måste vidtas för att förhindra att ännu fler arbetar sig sjuka och att de som är sjukskrivna har möjlighet att rehabiliteras tillbaka till arbetet. Arbetsförmedlingen arbetar långsiktigt med att uppnå hälsofrämjande och högpresterande arbetsplatser och fokusera på att få ner sjukfrånvaron genom ett systematiskt arbete med att fånga upp arbetsmiljörisker genom att arbeta med friskfaktorer. Ett verktyg behövdes för att snabbt kunna identifiera problem och åtgärda dem. Under 2017 togs en ny medarbetarundersökning fram som snabbt skulle få fram arbetsmiljörisker och som skulle skapa förutsättningar att agera på rätt saker i rätt tid. I slutet av 2017 lanserade Arbetsförmedlingen den nya medarbetarundersökningen Medarbetarpulsen. Syfte: Studiens syfte är att undersöka sektionschefers erfarenhet och upplevelse av att använda medarbetarundersökningen Medarbetarpulsen för att förbättra arbetsmiljön inom Arbetsförmedlingen. Metod: Data har samlats in genom sju semistrukturerade intervjuer som analyserats genom en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat och slutsats: Medarbetarpulsen kan vara det verktyg som förbättrar arbetsmiljön, sänker sjukfrånvaron och kan ge Arbetsförmedlingen hälsofrämjande arbetsplatser. Resultaten från enkäten ger varje medarbetare möjlighet att påverka sin egen hälsa och arbetsgruppen kan påverka sin egen arbetssituation genom åtgärder som behövs eller att göra mer av det som redan fungerar. Utmaningen blir att få alla medarbetare att svara på frågorna och vara aktiva i diskussionerna i arbetsgruppen. Sektionscheferna måste vara modiga för de kommer att tvingas ta i obekväma frågor både i arbetsgruppen och med den enskilde individen för att lyckas driva hela processen i mål.

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No description available.

Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is a worldwide, severe disease, caused by the CCHF virus (CCHFV). CCHFV is transmitted primarily via Hyalomma tick bite, and/or direct contact with infected blood and tissue. The fatality rate of CCHF is up to 40% and no effective treatments or approved vaccines are available today. One critical component in the development of effective treatments and vaccines is to understand the immune responses due to infection, thus our knowledge regarding immune responses induced by CCHFV need to improve. The aims of this project was to establish an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) based on CCHFV nucleo (N)- or glycoprotein (GC), and further determine antibody titers in longitudinal samples from CCHF survivors using the ELISAs. A unique cohort of 45 CCHF survivors with serum samples collected 4-9, 12- and 24-months post-infection was analyzed. Serum from all 45 CCHF survivor patients at all three time points was confirmed to contain anti-N and anti-GC antibodies. While the titers was high at all time points, there was a significant decrease in anti-N antibody titer over time. The same decrease was not observed for anti-GC antibody titer. Further investigation showed no significant difference in antibody titer due to disease severity, gender or age. In conclusion, ELISAs for detection of antibodies against CCHFV N- and GC-proteins in human serum has been developed. Findings show high titers of both anti-N and anti-GC antibodies up to 2 years post-infection, which indicate a long lasting humoral immune response and potential protection against a new CCHFV infection.

No description available.