Health and well-being are important aspects today, and a healthy lifestyle is crucial for feeling well. University students often face academic demands and social pressures that can make it difficult to maintain healthy habits. Research shows that physical activity and good dietary habits have positive effects on both physical and mental health. The purpose of this study is to analyze the activity level and fruit and vegetable consumption among university students and to explore any possible relationships between these habits. The study was conducted as a quantitative cross-sectional study with a survey distributed to 72 university students via email and social media. The survey included questions about physical activity and fruit and vegetable consumption, where participants' responses were measured on a scale from one to five. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient to investigate the relationship between the variables. The study's findings indicate that the majority of university students were moderately physically active, with the largest group of participants (32%) engaging in physical activity 3–4 times per week. Furthermore, the largest group of students (36%) reported consuming fruits and vegetables 1–2 times per day. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient suggested a moderately positive relationship between university students' level of physical activity and their fruit and vegetable consumption. This moderate positive correlation coefficient supports the relationship by showing that changes in physical activity levels are associated with changes in fruit and vegetable consumption, although it's not a perfect linear relationship. The study concludes that university students who engage in physical activity 1–2 times per week, 3–4 times per week, and 5–6 times per week generally exhibit higher consumption of fruits and vegetables compared to participants who reported being physically inactive ("never") or very active ("every day"). This observation suggests that a balanced level of physical activity may be associated with healthier dietary habits among university students. An important conclusion drawn from these results is that extremes in activity levels, such as "never" and "every day," are not always most beneficial for health. Instead, the study indicates that maintaining a moderate and regular level of physical activity could promote a more sustainable and healthier lifestyle for university students.

Psykisk ohälsa har ökat bland barn och unga under de senaste åren och barnen spenderar större delar av sin tid i skolan. Skolan har ett stort ansvar gällande barns och ungas lärande och utveckling, samt att säkerställa en bra och trygg skolgång, vilket är främjande för deras hälsa. Utbildning är en mänsklig rättighet och Barnkonventionen uttrycker att alla barn har rätt till bästa möjliga hälsa. Med hjälp av två teoretiska utgångspunkter, krav-kontroll-stödmodellen och stödjande miljöer, har lärarna gett sina perspektiv på vad skolan har för ansvar gentemot barns och ungas psykiska hälsa. Syftet är att undersöka skolans roll i barns och ungas psykiska hälsa ur ett lärarperspektiv. En kvalitativ ansats tillämpades och fem semistrukturerade intervjuer utfördes. Urvalet var målstyrt och intervjupersonerna var lärare med olika antal år av erfarenhet inom yrket. Analysmetoden var en manifest kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Studiens resultat består av tre huvudkategorier, Skolans krav, resurser och stöd, Psykisk hälsa i skolan och Tidiga insatser. Resultatet visar att lärare anser att skolan har en stor roll i barns och ungas psykiska hälsa, både vad gäller att fånga upp i tid och att främja deras hälsa. Resultatet belyser även att lärarna anser att deras krav jämfört med de resurser de har att tillgå inte går ihop. Lärarna upplever en bristande kontroll och möjlighet till uppföljning av barns psykiska hälsa. Slutsatsen är att lärare behöver mer stöd och stöttning vad gäller arbetet med barns och ungas psykiska hälsa. Psykisk hälsa kan främjas genom att uppmärksamma och sätta in tidiga insatser. Lärarna anser att skolans ansvar kring barns och ungas psykiska hälsa är relativt stor. Nyckelord: Barn och unga, krav-kontroll-stöd, lärarperspektiv, psykisk hälsa, skolans roll / Mental illness has increased among children and young people the last years and children spend most of their time in school. School has a big responsibility regarding children and young people’s learning and development as well as ensure good and safe education, which is health promoting. Education is a human right and United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) expresses that all children are entitled to the best possible health. With the help of two theoretical starting points for the study, the demand-control-support-model and supportive environments, the teachers have given their perspective on what they think the school’s responsibilities are towards children’s and young people’s mental health.  The purpose of the study is to examine the school’s role in children’s and young people’s mental health from a teacher’s perspective. A qualitative approach was applied, and five semi-structured interviews were conducted. The selection was goal-directed, and the interviewees were teachers with different years of experience within the school. The analysis method was a manifest qualitative content analysis.   The study’s results consist of three main categories, School requirements, resources and support, Mental health in school and Early interventions. The results show that the teachers believe that school has a major role in the mental health of children and young people, both in terms of noticing and promotion their health. The results also highlight that the teachers believe that their demands compared to resources they have available do not add up. The teachers experience a lack of control and opportunity for follow up of children’s mental health.  The conclusion is that teachers need more support when it comes to working with children and young people’s mental health. Mental health can be promoted by paying attention and implementing early interventions. The teachers believe that the school’s responsibility regarding the mental health of children and young people is relatively large.  Keyword: Children and young people, demand-control-support, mental health, teacher’s perspective, the role of the school

Bakgrund Inom företagshälsovården arbetar främst företagssköterskan med dethälsofrämjande arbetet vilket placerar dem i en unik position till att arbeta med att motivera personer till ökad fysisk aktivitet. Det saknas kunskap om hur de specifikt arbetar med att motivera personer till ökad fysisk aktivitet. Om detta område utforskas är det tänkbart att framtida samhällskostnader och folkhälsan förbättras och att företagshälsovården får förslag till vad som kan förbättras. Syfte Att beskriva företagssköterskors erfarenheter av att motivera personer till ökad fysisk aktivitet. Metod Semi-strukturerade intervjuer med öppna frågeställningar användes tilldatainsamlingen. Elva företagssköterskor deltog. Datan analyserades enligt en kvalitativinnehållsanalys med manifest ansats. Resultat I resultat framkom ett övergripande tema: Konsten i att förhålla sig till utmaningar och fem kategorier, Förmedla att fysisk aktivitet är lustfylld rörelse i vardagen, Etablera ettömsesidigt förtroende och visa respekt, Försöka hitta motivationsfaktorer trots motstånd, Tillämpa lämpliga mål och arbeta långsiktigt i samarbete med arbetsgivaren så gott det går, och, Arbeta evidensbaserat och interprofessionellt. Till dessa fem kategorier hörde arton subkategorier. Konklusion Fysisk aktivitet behöver inte vara kraftig pulshöjande men ska ge rörelseglädje. SMARTA mål kan inverka negativt i motivationen hos personer som inte är fysiskt aktiva. Företagssköterskorna kan därmed behöva uppdatera sitt sätt att använda mål och tillämpa rätt målinstrument. MI användes i motiverandet till ökad fysisk aktivitet. MI kräver däremot tid och uppföljning för att kunna fungera som ett effektivt verktyg vilket saknades i företagssköterskornas arbete. Nyckelord: Företagssköterskor, erfarenheter, fysisk aktivitet, hälsofrämjande arbete, kvalitativ innehållsanalys / Background In occupational health care, the occupational health nurse primarily workswith the health promotion work which puts them in a unique position to work with motivating people to increased physical activity. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding their work with motivating people to increased physical activity. If this area isexplored, it is conceivable that future societal costs and public health will improve. It’s possible that the occupational health care will receive ideas on what can be improved. Aim To describe occupational health nurses’ experiences of motivating people to increased physical activity Method Semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions were used for datacollection. Eleven occupational health nurses participated. The data was analyzed using aqualitative content analysis with a manifest approach. Results The results revealed an overarching theme: The art of relating to challenges and five categories emerged, Communicate that physical activity is a pleasure-filled movement ineveryday life, Establish mutual trust and show respect, Finding motivational factors despiteresistance, Applying appropriate goals and working in a long-term collaboration with the employer as best you can, and, Working evidence-based and interprofessionally. Belonging to these five categories were a total of eighteen subcategories. Conclusion Physical activity does not need to increase the pulse considerably but shouldbring joy of movement. SMART goals can have a negative effect on the motivation of peoplewho are not physically active. SMART goals can have a negative effect on the motivation of people who are not physically active. The occupational health nurse may need to update theirway of using goals and apply the right goal instrument. MI was used in the motivation for increased physical activity. On the other hand, MI requires time and follow-up which were lacking in the occupational health nurses’ work. Keywords: Occupational health nurses’, experiences, physical activity, health promotionwork, content analysis

The Mentor Mother model provides peer support for migrant mothers and was taken on by an organization in Gothenburg, Sweden in 2021 to improve health and integration. The Mentor Mothers, providing the peer support, have themselves experienced moving to Sweden. The Mentor Mother model is an adaptation of the South African Philani Mentor Mother model, and has been adapted by two organizations in Sweden, one in Gothenburg and one in Malmö.  The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of the Mentor Mother model in Gothenburg. This was done by analyzing 18 semi-structured interviews and exploring experiences and perceptions of the model. These interviews were with the Mentor Mothers themselves, and with the mothers in contact with the model, thereby exploring experiences from two perspectives. Reflexive thematic analysis was conducted and three themes were identified, the importance of having a support network, understanding culture is as important as understanding language and the Mentor Mother model fills an unmet gap in society. The main findings included experiencing the support provided as beneficial, experiences of positive relationships and a valued community, and mistrust of social services and how the model mitigates this mistrust.  The model was perceived as important from both perspectives, with participants stating that their mistrust toward social services had decreased since meeting the Mentor Mothers and describing invaluable help they had received in various situations. In conclusion, the positive experiences imply that similar peer support programs could be beneficial for migrants in similar contexts.

Clinicians in low and middle-income countries (LMIC) face many challenges, including high patient-to-staff ratios, limited resources, and inconsistent access to electricity. This research aimed to improve health outcomes in LMIC through an enlightened understanding of challenges associated with healthcare technology. To understand LMIC barriers to acquiring, maintaining, and repairing medical equipment, a community-based participatory study was conducted at three clinical settings in southern Malawi. Thirty-six clinical staff participated in surveys and focus groups to provide information on medical device challenges. Results from the study emphasize the importance of community-based participatory innovation to improve global health. Many clinical staff expressed frustration regarding inability to prevent patient mortality attributed to equipment failure. Data from the community-based participatory study of medical technology conducted in Malawi revealed key insights for designing for low and middle income countries, and more specifically, for communities in southern Malawi. Specifically, partner communities identified mechanical suction machines as a top priority for design innovation. Working with technical and clinical staff in Malawian communities, a prototype mechanical suction machine was designed and constructed. This work suggests that engineers working in low and middle income countries face a unique sundry of design requirements that require an intimate understanding of the local community, including community leaders, community beliefs and values, and locally available resources. Technology innovation for global health should incorporate community expertise and assets, and health and technical education efforts should be developed to increase working knowledge of medical devices. / Master of Science

Problématique : Alors que l’on connaît depuis plusieurs décennies les conséquences dramatiques des injustices sociales sur la santé, il existe un profond problème d’application des connaissances pour informer les pratiques et/ou les politiques. Au-delà d’un manque de prise en compte des connaissances pour l’action, il semblerait que la difficulté à lutter contre les inégalités soit plutôt liée à l’enracinement des systèmes de production et d’utilisation des connaissances dans des structures injustes. Approche théorique et cadre conceptuel : Cette thèse s’inscrit dans la quatrième vague de recherche sur le transfert de connaissances qui consiste à mieux comprendre les caractéristiques sociales des connaissances. En d’autres mots, il s’agit d’intégrer une approche d’épistémologie sociale dans la recherche sur le transfert de connaissances. Nous nous intéressons spécifiquement au concept d’oppression épistémique qui consiste en la répétition dans la durée de trois degrés d’exclusions épistémiques. L’exclusion de troisième degré représente un mode de vie épistémique qui est dirigé par des groupes sociaux dominants, qui ne permet pas de prendre en compte d’autres systèmes de pensée et de connaissances que les leurs. L’exclusion de second degré est le fait, pour des individus déjà opprimés socialement, de devoir utiliser des ressources qui ne sont pas les leurs, pour pouvoir participer à la construction de nouvelles ressources communes dans ce système. L’exclusion de premier degré concerne l’impossibilité, pour des individus, d’être considéré comme des « connaisseur·ses » du fait de préjugés à leur encontre. Cette thèse vise à analyser comment les pratiques quotidiennes et le contexte de la santé mondiale favorisent une oppression épistémique. Méthodologie : Nous étudions trois phénomènes correspondant aux trois degrés d’exclusion épistémique, en suivant une échelle d’analyse à trois niveaux (macroscopique, mésoscopique, microscopique) qui rappellent les trois branches de l’épistémologie sociale (système, groupe, individus). Pour cela, nous étudions en premier lieu la construction d’une ressource épistémique commune en santé mondiale à un niveau macroscopique : la couverture santé universelle (CSU) grâce à une revue critique des écrits. En deuxième lieu, nous étudions l’appropriation de cette ressource épistémique à un niveau mésoscopique, et la manière dont un groupe de scientifiques prend ou non en compte des voix dissidentes, en promouvant une définition différente de la CSU. Pour cela, nous réalisons une étude de cas d’un programme de recherches interventionnelles sur la CSU. En troisième lieu, nous étudions le rôle de la source des connaissances sur leur perception grâce à une expérimentation en santé mondiale. Résultats : À travers l’avènement de la CSU, nous observons la présence d’un pouvoir productif qui, tout en donnant l’impression d’une approche ancrée dans les droits humains et inclusive, favorise une conception marchande de la santé, menée par un « centre » de la santé mondiale. Nous avons également observé que l’appropriation de la CSU dans un programme de recherches interventionnelles n’a pas permis de créer une définition dissidente de la CSU. Plusieurs alliances épistémiques, c’est-à-dire des affiliations entre membres partageant la même orientation des études pour analyser la CSU sont apparues : une alliance santé publique, une alliance économique, une alliance anthropologique et une alliance critique. Cette dernière, qui proposait une réflexion globale sur la déconstruction et la gouvernance de la CSU, a été manquée, du fait d’inégalités concomitantes. Enfin, nous avons pu voir à un niveau microscopique que le « messager » peut être plus important que le « message » et participer à invisibiliser ou diminuer certaines voix dans la gouvernance globale en santé. Discussion et valeur ajoutée de la thèse : Les trois degrés d’exclusion épistémiques peuvent s’entrevoir de façon complémentaire. Du fait de la proximité des mondes scientifique et politique, et de la volonté de produire des connaissances pour l’action en santé mondiale, l’avènement de la CSU peut influencer la manière dont les scientifiques s’approprient ce concept. Cela peut limiter les possibilités de diversité épistémique et favoriser l’exclusion de certaines voix. À l’inverse, le sentiment d’exclusion peut conduire à se limiter dans sa contribution intellectuelle. Partant du postulat dont chacun·e de nous peut participer à changer les structures qui créent les injustices, en résistant à l’oppression épistémique, nous proposons un continuum d’actions pour lutter contre les inégalités dans la gouvernance globale en santé. / Background: The dramatic consequences of social injustice on health have been known for several decades, but social injustice also has an impact on knowledge translation. Rather than relating to a lack of knowledge uptake for action, the difficulty in addressing inequalities connects to knowledge production and use systems rooted in unjust structures. Theoretical approach and conceptual framework: This thesis aims to better understand the social characteristics of knowledge, and explores the integration of a social epistemology approach into knowledge translation research. We specifically focus on epistemic oppression, which consists of the repetition over time of three types of mutually reinforced epistemic exclusion. One type applies to an epistemic way of life led by dominant social groups, who prevent new systems of thought and knowledge, different from their own, to surface. A second type relates to socially oppressed individuals who must use resources they do not own to contribute to the construction of new common resources within the dominant system. The last type of epistemic exclusion consists of the impossibility of individuals being recognized as "knowers" because of prejudices that make them appear illegitimate. This thesis aims to analyze how everyday practices and the global health context foster epistemic oppression. Methodology: We study three processes, each related to a type of epistemic exclusion and following a three-level scale of analysis (macroscopic, mesoscopic and microscopic), which also covers the three branches of social epistemology (system, group and individual). First, we focus on the construction of an epistemic resource in global health at a macroscopic level, namely, universal health coverage (UHC), through a critical review of the literature. Secondly, we study the appropriation of this epistemic resource at a mesoscopic level, and how a group allows or does not allow dissenting voices, thus promoting a different definition of UHC. To this end, we conduct a case study of an interventional research program on UHC. Finally, we elaborate on the role of knowledge sources on the perception of knowledge through an experiment in global health. Results: The case of UHC demonstrates the existence of a productive power that, while giving the impression of an inclusive human approach, favours a market-based conception of health led by a global health "centre". We also observed that the appropriation of UHC in an interventional research program did not create a dissident; unorthodox definition of UHC. Several epistemic alliances (i.e. affiliations between members sharing the same orientation of studies to analyse UHC), emerged: a public health alliance, an economic alliance, an anthropological alliance, and a critical alliance. The latter, which suggested a global reflection on the deconstruction and governance of the UHC, did not occur because of concomitant inequalities. Finally, at a microscopic level, we showed that the "messenger" can be more important than the "message" when disseminating knowledge. Discussion and research value: The three types of epistemic exclusion can be read complementarily. Due to the proximity of the scientific and political worlds, and the desire to produce knowledge for action in global health, the social construction of UHC may influence how scientists appropriate this concept. It may limit the possibilities of epistemic diversity, and thus promoting the exclusion of some voices and points of view. A feeling of exclusion can, in turn, lead to self-limitation. Based on the premise that everyone can contribute to changing the structures that create injustice by resisting epistemic oppression, we propose a continuum of actions to address inequalities in global health governance.

Aim: This study aimed to explore and understand Tanzanian health professionals’ perceptions of barriers for adolescents accessing sexual and reproductive health services.  Methods: A qualitative study was carried out using semi-structured interviews with 16 health professionals. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings: The study revealed that sexual and reproductive health services are not sufficiently youth-friendly due to the perceived lack of youth-targeted information on existing services toadolescents, and the clinical and pathology focus in service delivery. Social stigma toward adolescent sexuality, lack of knowledge of sexual and reproductive health and rights in the community, and lack of responsible actors in educating adolescents were mentioned as socio-cultural barriers to accessing services. Political statements and policies were perceived to be a socio-political barrier for adolescents accessing sexual and reproductive health services. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that it is important to give attention to health professionals’ perspectives of barriers for adolescents accessing sexual and reproductive health services. Future research and policymakers need to investigate stigmatizing and judgemental attitudes toward adolescent sexuality, in communities and among health professionals, to realize youth-friendly sexual and reproductive health services. The results in this thesis further suggest that policies in adolescent sexual and reproductive health and rights should be clear and consistent for improving the quality of service delivery for adolescents.

Ensamkommande barn som söker asyl som politiska flyktingar är allt mer förekommande. Den mest avgörande perioden för de ensamkommande barnen är den tid då de anländer till Sverige och hur de då tas emot. Den gode mannen är en av de personer som de träffar vid ankomsten och är en viktig och uppskattad person för de ensamkommande barnen. Syftet med denna studie har varit att få en djupare förståelse för vad ensamkommande barn anser vara betydelsefullt i relationen till den gode mannen under asylprocessen. Data har samlats in genom nio semistrukturerade intervjuer. Insamlad data har sedan analyserats genom en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultatet har visat att en god relation till den gode mannen är betydelsefull för ensamkommande barn. Det har även framkommit att studiedeltagarna önskar att gode män ska ha tidigare erfarenhet som gode män när de åtar sig ett uppdrag, att den gode mannen bör vara tillgänglig, att denne ska se uppdraget som en mer informell relation samt att de ska fungera som ersättare för förälder/föräldrar. Studien har också visat att emotionellt stöd är betydelsefullt för de ensamkommande barnen. Slutsatsen av denna intervjustudie är att den gode mannen var en betydelsefull person i de ensamkommande barnens liv under asylprocessen där de fick praktiskt stöd men efterfrågade mer emotionellt stöd. Vidare förväntade de sig också att den gode mannen ska vara mer som en vän eller en förälder. / It is increasingly common for unaccompanied minors to seek asylum as political refugees. The most crucial factors for unaccompanied minors are the time they arrive in Sweden and the manner in which they are received. As one of the people they meet on arrival, their legal guardian is both important and appreciated by unaccompanied children. The purpose of this study has been to gain a deeper understanding of what unaccompanied minors consider to be significant in relation to the legal guardian during the asylum process. Data were collected through nine semi-structured interviews of unaccompanied minors. Data were collected through nine semi-structured interviews. These data were analyzed by qualitative content analysis. The results show that a good relationship with the legal guardian is significant for unaccompanied minors. The study found that participants wanted a legal guardian to be available, and for the legal guardian to see the mission as a relationship, to be informal, and to serve as a substitute for a parent/parents. It also emerged that emotional support is important for unaccompanied minors. The conclusion of the interview-based study was that the legal guardian was an important person in the unaccompanied minors’ lives during the asylum process. Besides receiving practical aid, the children asked for emotional support and expected that their legal guardian would be more like a friend or parent.

Folkhälsoarbete innebär att främja hälsan och förebygga sjukdom genom olika insatser i samhället. Det hälsofrämjande arbetet på samhällsnivå kännetecknas av intersektoriellt arbete, tillämpning av hälsofrämjande insatser och påverkan genom lagstiftning, styrning och policyarbete. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur yrkesverksamma inom hälsoarbete uppfattar det hälsofrämjande folkhälsoarbetet på Åland, samverkan mellan olika aktörer samt vilka utvecklingsmöjligheter för det hälsofrämjande arbetet som finns på Åland. En kvalitativ metod valdes, där fyra yrkesverksamma inom Ålands landskapsregering och Ålands hälso- och sjukvård intervjuades. Till intervjuerna användes en intervjuguide med semistrukturerade frågor. Materialet från genomförda intervjuer transkriberades och analyserades enligt en manifest innehållsanalys. Resultatet visar att folkhälsoarbetet på Åland uppfattas ske både genom lokala föreningar och organisationer, men även efter arbete som är lagstadgat. Det upplevs även finnas vissa brister inom samverkan i folkhälsoarbetet, men att det är överlag bra. Vidare ansågs det finnas goda utvecklingsmöjligheter för det hälsofrämjande arbetet på Åland, däribland fysisk aktivitet, alkohol, narkotika och de äldres hälsa ansågs vara prioriterade områden att arbeta med. Slutsatsen är att samarbete och samverkan mellan andra organisationer, myndigheter och sektorer i samhället borde bli bättre för att upprätthålla befolkningens hälsa på Åland, samt att Ålands självstyrelse kunde utgöra en grund till att styra folkhälsoarbete genom lagar. / Health promotion is to promote healthy living, preventing diseases and change the determinants of health through various strategies. Public health work at community level associates with intersectoral, health promoting efforts and influence by legislation, governance and policy work. The purpose of this study is to examine how health professionals perceive health promotion in Aland Islands, cooperation between different actors and the development of health promotion work in Aland Islands. A qualitative method was chosen, where four professionals from Aland Government and the Aland healthcare participated in interviews. A semi-structured interview guide where used for the interviews. A manifest content analysis method was used for analysing the material from the interviews. The results show that public health work in Åland is done both by local associations and organizations, but also by law based work. The results also indicate shortcomings in the cooperation for health promotion, but the corporation is overall good. Furthermore, the opportunities for development of health promotion and public health in Aland Islands were perceived as good. Questions like physical activity, alcohol use, drugs and the health of the elderly were considered as prioritized areas to work with. The conclusion of this study is that cooperation and collaboration between other organizations, authorities and sectors of the society should be improved to maintain the health of the population in Aland Islands, and the Aland Islands autonomy could provide a basis for guiding health promotion through laws.

Brottslighet är ett förekommande samhällsproblem i Sverige med påverkan på folkhälsan genom att bidra till ohälsa och ojämlikhet. Det hälsofrämjande arbetet bör fokusera på barn och unga i samhället och betraktas som en framtida investering, då tidigare forskning påvisar att normbrytande beteende i ungdomen kan leda till ett fortsatt kriminellt liv. Denna studie definierar ett normbrytande beteende som våld, stöld, skolk samt narkotikaanvändning och syftar till att undersöka förekomsten av normbrytande beteenden, men även huruvida det finns ålders-, köns- och socioekonomiska skillnader bland unga i Västmanland. Metoden har en kvantitativ ansats där data gällande ungdomar i årskurs nio samt andra året på gymnasiet inhämtats och analyserats från studien Liv och Hälsa ung 2012. Resultatet påvisar att majoriteten inte har ett normbrytande beteende, dock är det ett förkommande problem i Västmanland då studien uppvisar signifikanta ålders, - köns- samt socioekonomiska skillnader bland unga med ett normbrytande beteende. Sannolikheten för normbrytande beteenden är högre för unga med låg socioekonomisk tillhörighet. Resultatet överensstämmer med tidigare forskningsresultat vilket belyser dess relevans och behov av hälsofrämjande insatser för ungas hälsa. Den sociala utvecklingsmodellen är studiens teoretiska ansats som bidrar till att förklara uppkomsten av ett normbrytande beteende.