This paper examines whether compliance with COVID-19 mitigation measures is motivated by wanting to save lives or save the economy (or both), and which implications this carries to fight the pandemic. National representative samples were collected from 24 countries (N = 25,435). The main predictors were (1) perceived risk to contract coronavirus, (2) perceived risk to suffer economic losses due to coronavirus, and (3) their interaction effect. Individual and country-level variables were added as covariates in multilevel regression models. We examined compliance with various preventive health behaviors and support for strict containment policies. Results show that perceived economic risk consistently predicted mitigation behavior and policy support—and its effects were positive. Perceived health risk had mixed effects. Only two significant interactions between health and economic risk were identified—both positive. / New York University Abu Dhabi

Since the arrival of the Dutch colonists in the Cape, Khoesan populations were subjected to severe political and economical marginalization and often fell prey to racial conflict and genocide. These circumstances persisted until the early 20th century, during which an astonishing number of Khoesan skeletons were transported from South Africa to various locations in Europe, as at the time, different institutions competed to obtain these valuable remains. Due to the above mentioned circumstances, Southern African Khoesan groups suffered from nutritional stress, as well as substandard living conditions. Such living conditions probably did not allow for health care and medical benefits at the time. It will therefore be interesting to evaluate the health status of this group through palaeopathological assessment. Skeletal remains housed in two different European institutions were studied. The sample comprises of 140 specimens from the Rudolf Pöch Skeletal Collection in Vienna, Austria and 15 specimens from the Musée de l’Homme in Paris, France. These individuals represent both sexes and were aged between newborn and 75 years, with 54 individual being younger than 20 years of age and 101 being adults. The aim was to analyse all skeletal lesions. Results indicated high levels of typical disease conditions associated with groups under stress, such as periostitis, cribra orbitalia and porotic hyperostosis. Treponemal disease, rickets, osteoarthritis and trauma were also encountered amongst other more specific indicators of health and disease. This study provided additional knowledge on the health status and lives of the Khoesan people during the turn of the 20th century, as well as focused new awareness on a group of severely mistreated individuals. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / Anatomy / unrestricted

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<p> </p><p><strong>Background:</strong> The birth of an infant can represent additional, financial and emotional stress. Lack of social support negatively impacts these women’s ability to cope with already difficult circumstances after childbirth. Poorer health care for the postpartum women may be the consequence of deficient understanding. It is thus interesting to know how stress and lack of social support affects the health status among postpartum women.</p><p><strong>Aim:</strong> The aim was to describe stress, social support and health status among postpartum women, and also to compare the situations between women in an urban and a rural area of Thailand.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong> A descriptive comparative cross sectional study with a quantitative method was used. 160 women from Bangkok and Ayutthaya, Thailand answered a questionnaire, which was divided into four parts; background, postpartum stress, health status and social support.</p><p><strong>Result:</strong> The perceived stress was in general low. They had a large amount of social support; the most important support was received by partners and parents. They perceived a good postpartum health status. No significant difference was shown between the two areas regarding the total score of stress, social support and health status.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In total the Thai postpartum women were exposed to a low amount of stressors. They had a good postpartum wellbeing and received a high level of social support.</p><p><strong>Clinical Implications:</strong> To enable care in a more holistic approach, improvement in detecting postpartum stressors and to encourage social support in the postpartum period, will reduce postpartum stress and  prevent a better health status.</p><p> </p> / <p> </p><p><strong>Bakgrund:</strong> Ett nyfött barn kan innebära en ekonomisk och emotionell stress. Bristande socialt stöd har en negativ påverkan på dessa kvinnors möjlighet att hantera redan svåra omständigheter efter barnafödandet. En bristande förståelse från sjukvårdspersonal kan orsaka en sämre hälso- och sjukvård för postpartum kvinnor. Det är därför intressant att veta hur stress och bristande socialt stöd påverkar hälsan bland kvinnor postpartum.</p><p><strong>Syfte:</strong> Syftet var att beskriva stress, socialt stöd och hälsa bland kvinnor  postpartum, samt att jämföra situationen mellan kvinnor i ett urbant och ett ruralt område i Thailand.</p><p><strong>Metod:</strong> En kvantitativ jämförande tvärsnitts metod användes. 160 deltagare fyllde i frågeformular, som var indelade i fyra delar; bakgrund, postpartum stress, hälso status och social stöd.</p><p><strong>Resultat:</strong> Den upplevda stressen var genrellt sett låg. De hade ett stort socialt stöd, det viktigaste stödet gavs fran partners och föräldrar. De upplevde en god postpartum hälsa. Ingen signifikant skillnad visades mellan det två områdena vad det gäller den totala rankningen av stress, hälso status och social stöd.</p><p><strong>Slutsats: </strong>Totalt sett verkade thai postpartum kvinnorna uppleva lite stress. De hade en god hälsa och upplevde i hög usträckning ett bra socialt stöd.</p><p><strong>Kliniska implikationer:</strong> För att möjliggöra ett mer holistisk vårdperspektiv, kommer förbättringar i att upptäcka postpartusmstressorer samt uppmuntran till socialt stöd tiden postpartum, leda till en  minskad postpartum stress och förebygga en bättre hälsa.</p><p> </p>

Background: The birth of an infant can represent additional, financial and emotional stress. Lack of social support negatively impacts these women’s ability to cope with already difficult circumstances after childbirth. Poorer health care for the postpartum women may be the consequence of deficient understanding. It is thus interesting to know how stress and lack of social support affects the health status among postpartum women. Aim: The aim was to describe stress, social support and health status among postpartum women, and also to compare the situations between women in an urban and a rural area of Thailand. Method: A descriptive comparative cross sectional study with a quantitative method was used. 160 women from Bangkok and Ayutthaya, Thailand answered a questionnaire, which was divided into four parts; background, postpartum stress, health status and social support. Result: The perceived stress was in general low. They had a large amount of social support; the most important support was received by partners and parents. They perceived a good postpartum health status. No significant difference was shown between the two areas regarding the total score of stress, social support and health status. Conclusion: In total the Thai postpartum women were exposed to a low amount of stressors. They had a good postpartum wellbeing and received a high level of social support. Clinical Implications: To enable care in a more holistic approach, improvement in detecting postpartum stressors and to encourage social support in the postpartum period, will reduce postpartum stress and  prevent a better health status. / Bakgrund: Ett nyfött barn kan innebära en ekonomisk och emotionell stress. Bristande socialt stöd har en negativ påverkan på dessa kvinnors möjlighet att hantera redan svåra omständigheter efter barnafödandet. En bristande förståelse från sjukvårdspersonal kan orsaka en sämre hälso- och sjukvård för postpartum kvinnor. Det är därför intressant att veta hur stress och bristande socialt stöd påverkar hälsan bland kvinnor postpartum. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva stress, socialt stöd och hälsa bland kvinnor  postpartum, samt att jämföra situationen mellan kvinnor i ett urbant och ett ruralt område i Thailand. Metod: En kvantitativ jämförande tvärsnitts metod användes. 160 deltagare fyllde i frågeformular, som var indelade i fyra delar; bakgrund, postpartum stress, hälso status och social stöd. Resultat: Den upplevda stressen var genrellt sett låg. De hade ett stort socialt stöd, det viktigaste stödet gavs fran partners och föräldrar. De upplevde en god postpartum hälsa. Ingen signifikant skillnad visades mellan det två områdena vad det gäller den totala rankningen av stress, hälso status och social stöd. Slutsats: Totalt sett verkade thai postpartum kvinnorna uppleva lite stress. De hade en god hälsa och upplevde i hög usträckning ett bra socialt stöd. Kliniska implikationer: För att möjliggöra ett mer holistisk vårdperspektiv, kommer förbättringar i att upptäcka postpartusmstressorer samt uppmuntran till socialt stöd tiden postpartum, leda till en  minskad postpartum stress och förebygga en bättre hälsa.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--McMaster University, 2006. / Supervisor: Thomas F. Crossley. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1981.