Orientadores: Adriane Elisabete Antunes de Moraes, Fúlvia de Barros Manchado-Gobatto / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T10:21:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pegoretti_Cassia_M.pdf: 1459426 bytes, checksum: 272fa8eaec90582f07c033e08c8ab27b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: O leite desnatado (LD) apresenta potencial para hidratação no pós exercício mas seu consumo com esta finalidade pode resultar no aporte muito elevado de nutrientes e mesmo causar desconforto intestinal, devido à alta concentração de lactose. Foi realizado ensaio clínico controlado, randomizado, cross over e longitudinal com participação de 9 adultos de ambos os gêneros. Empregou-se exercício em bicicleta estacionária, com razão esforço/pausa 2:1 e variações de intensidade compreendidas entre 80 a 110% da frequência cardíaca do limiar anaeróbio, até os participantes atingirem a perda de massa corporal equivalente à 1,5% massa corporal inicial. Foi avaliado o potencial de reidratação através do consumo de diferentes doses de água mineral (AM) e LD, sendo os grupos assim constituídos: grupo água (AM-AM-AM = 5 pessoas); grupo leite (LD-LD-LD = 5 pessoas); grupo leite-leite-água (LD-LD-AM = 4 pessoas); grupo água, leite e leite (AM-LD-LD = 4 pessoas); grupo água, leite e água (AM-LD-AM = 9 pessoas) e grupo água, água e leite (AM-AM-LD= 9 pessoas). Os participantes foram instruídos a realizarem um registro alimentar de três dias para avaliação dos seus padrões alimentares e preencherem questionário subjetivo sobre a percepção em relação ao consumo de cada uma das bebidas e potenciais desconfortos. Foi analisada a ingestão de proteínas, cálcio, fósforo, vitaminas D e B2 e o valor energético total (VET) resultante do consumo de leite para hidratação. O poder hidratante das proporções ofertadas foi avaliado através de análises de urina, antes do exercício e ao final do período de recuperação; quais sejam: osmolalidade e densidade urinárias; volume total de urina produzida e retenção hídrica. Os resultados mostraram que o grupo que consumiu apenas LD produziu menor quantidade de urina durante o período de recuperação e através dos dados de osmolalidade e densidade urinários esse consumo proporcionou melhor hidratação comparado ao grupo que consumiu apenas uma dose de LD para hidratar. Porém, o consumo de duas ou três doses de LD desencadeou diarreia na maioria dos participantes. Ao diminuir o consumo de LD para apenas uma dose, os episódios de diarreia cessaram para a maioria dos participantes. Os dados de osmolalidade e densidade urinários demonstraram ainda, que uma dose de LD não representa melhor hidratação que AM somente. O aporte de cálcio, vitaminas D e B2 aumentou significativamente com o consumo de uma dose de LD bem como observou-se aumento significativo do VET. Em conjunto, nossos resultados, apontam que o consumo somente de AM pareceu ser melhor que o consumo de LD, seja ele através de três, duas ou uma dose, para repor os líquidos perdidos durante exercício em cicloergômetro / Abstract: Skimmed milk (SM) has the potential for post exercise hydration but its use for this purpose may result in a very high nutrient input and even cause intestinal discomfort due to the high lactose concentration. A controlled clinical trial was carried out as a randomized, crossover, longitudinal study with 9 adults of both genders. A stationary exercise bike was used with 2:1 stress / break and intensity variations between 80 and 110% of the anaerobic heart rate threshold, until the participants reached a loss of body mass equivalent to 1.5% of the initial body mass. The potential for rehydration using different doses of mineral water (MW) and SM was evaluated, the groups being constituted as follows: water group (MW-MW-MW = 5 people); milk group (SM-SM-SM= 5 people); milk-milk-water group (SM-SM-MW = 4); water, milk and milk group (MW- SM-SM= 4); water, milk and water group (MW- MW- SM= 9 people) and water, water and milk group (MW- MW- SM= 9 people). The participants were instructed to carry out a three day food record to assess their eating patterns and fill in a subjective questionnaire about their perception of the consumption of each beverage and potential discomfort. The intakes of protein, calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D and B2 were analyzed and the total energy value (TEV) resulting from the consumption of milk for hydration calculated. The hydrating power of the different ratios of water and milk offered was evaluated by way of urine tests carried out before the exercise and at the end of the recovery period. The tests were osmolality and urinary density; total volume of urine produced and water retention. The results showed that the group that only consumed SM presented the lowest amount of urine during the recovery period and the data for urinary osmolality and density showed better hydration for this group as compared to the group that consumed only one dose of SM. However, the use of two or three doses of SM triggered diarrhea in most participants. By decreasing the consumption to a single dose of SM, the episodes of diarrhea ceased for most participants. The data for osmolality and urinary density also showed that a single dose of SM did not show better hydration than MW only. The amount of calcium, vitamin D and B2 increased significantly with the consumption of a single dose of SM, and there was also a significant increase in TEV. Together, the present results suggest that the consumption of MW alone was better than that of SM, be it with three, two or one dose, to replace fluids lost during exercise on a bicycle ergometer / Mestrado / Nutrição / Mestra em Ciências da Nutrição e do Esporte e Metabolismo

abstract: More than 200 hikers are rescued annually in the greater Phoenix area. This study examined the impact of hiking in hot (HOT), dry temperatures versus moderate (MOD) temperatures on dietary intake behaviors as well as markers of heat stress. Twelve recreational mountain hikers climbed “A” Mountain four consecutive times (4-miles) on a HOT day (WBGT=31.6 °C) and again on a MOD day (WBGT= 19.0 °C). Simulated food and fluid behavior allowed participants to bring what they normally would for a 4- mile hike and to consume both ad libitum. The following heat stress indicators (mean difference; p-value), were all significantly higher on the HOT hike compared to the MOD hike: average core temperature (0.6 °C; p=0.002), average rating of perceived exertion (2.6; p=0.005), sweat rate (0.54; p=0.01), and fluid consumption (753; p<0.001). On the HOT hike, 42% of the participants brought enough fluids to meet their individual calculated fluid needs, however less than 20% actually consumed enough to meet those needs. On the MOD hike, 56% of participants brought enough fluids to meet their needs, but only 33% actually consumed enough to meet them. Morning-after USG samples ≥1.020 indicating dehydration on an individual level showed 75% of hikers after the HOT hike and 67% after the MOD hike were unable to compensate for fluids lost during the previous day’s hike. Furthermore, participant food intake was low with only three hikers consuming food on the hot hike, an average of 33.2g of food. No food was consumed on the MOD hike. These results demonstrate that hikers did not consume enough fluids to meet their needs while hiking, especially in the heat. They also show heat stress negatively affected hiker’s physiological and performance measures. Future recommendations should address food and fluid consumption while hiking in the heat. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Nutrition 2020

Calcium aluminate phases are important parts of Ordinary Portland cement and Alumina cement. Various calcium aluminate hydrates originate during the hydration of calcium alumina phases. Their origin depends on the conditions of hydration. In the diploma thesis was investigated hydration of four calcium aluminate phases – CA, CA2, C12A7, C3A under the conditions of four pH – 6, 9, 11, 12,65. Calcium aluminate phases were prepared from CaCO3 and Al2O3 by clinkering in solid phase in laboratory oven. The phases were hydrated for 48 hours. Kinetics of the hydration was investigated by calorimetry. Calcium aluminate hydrates were identified by XRD and DTA.

The high rates of obesity and impaired glycemia in older adults place these individuals at risk for developing diabetes. Dehydration, glucose tolerance, and insulin resistance are related. Many older adults do not achieve the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) for water, and aging and dehydration are both associated with decreased glucose tolerance. Conversely, weight loss is associated with improvements in glucose tolerance. For older adults following a hypocaloric diet, additional water consumption may lead to greater weight loss. Furthermore, research suggests an association between insulin resistance and arginine vasopressin (AVP), the hormone responsible for regulating body water retention. Analysis of the association between plasma copeptin (an AVP derivative) and fasting glucose, insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) may provide further insight into the relationship between dehydration and diabetes risk. To our knowledge, few investigations have addressed this relationship between dehydration, impaired glycemia, and insulin resistance and how increasing water consumption may influence diabetes risk. Our purpose was to investigate the possibility that increased water consumption among older adults (n=29, BMI=31+1 kg/m2, age=62+1 years) could improve glycemia beyond that observed with weight loss, as well as associations between plasma copeptin and diabetes risk. Analysis of diabetes-related variables for subjects grouped according to study intervention group, amount of drinking water consumed, or pair-matched for weight loss and gender did not reveal significant differences between groups. Improvements in fasting insulin for water group participants, as well as correlations between hydration and insulin resistance support the need for future investigations. / Master of Science

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