The performance and advantages of microstrip patch antennas such as lowweight, low profile, and low cost made them the perfect choice forcommunication systems engineers. They have the capability to integrate withmicrowave circuits and therefore they are very well suited for applications suchas cell devices, WLAN applications, navigation systems and many othersIn this thesis; a compact rectangular patch antennas are designed and tested forGPS devices at 1.57542 GHz, and for a satellite TV signal at 11.843 GHz and11.919 GHz. The final part of this work has been concentrated on studying anarray antenna with two and four elements. The antennas of the design examplesof this work has been manufactured and tested in laboratory.

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Zhou Lin. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 50-53). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Motivation --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Aims and Contribution --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3 --- Thesis Overview --- p.4 / Chapter 2 --- Field-Programmable Gate Array and Routing Algorithm in VPR --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1 --- Commercially Available FPGAs --- p.6 / Chapter 2.2 --- FPGA Logic Block Architecture --- p.7 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Logic Block Functionality vs. FPGA Area-Efficiency --- p.7 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Logic Block Functionality vs. FPGA Delay-Performance --- p.7 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Lookup Table-Based FPGAs --- p.8 / Chapter 2.3 --- FPGA Routing Architecture --- p.8 / Chapter 2.4 --- Design Parameters of FPGA Routing Architecture --- p.10 / Chapter 2.5 --- CAD for FPGAs --- p.10 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Synthesis and Logic Block Packing --- p.11 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- Placement --- p.11 / Chapter 2.5.3 --- Routing --- p.12 / Chapter 2.5.4 --- Delay Modelling --- p.13 / Chapter 2.5.5 --- Timing Analysis --- p.13 / Chapter 2.6 --- FPGA Programming Technologies --- p.13 / Chapter 2.7 --- Routing Algorithm in VPR --- p.14 / Chapter 2.7.1 --- Pathfinder Negotiated Congestion Algorithm --- p.14 / Chapter 2.7.2 --- Routing Algorithm Used by VPR --- p.16 / Chapter 3 --- Connection-Switch Box Design --- p.17 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.17 / Chapter 3.2 --- Connection-Switch Box Design Algorithm --- p.19 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Connection between Logic Pins and Tracks --- p.20 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Connection between Pad Pins and Tracks --- p.25 / Chapter 3.3 --- Switch Number Comparisons --- p.26 / Chapter 3.4 --- Experimental Results --- p.29 / Chapter 3.5 --- Summary --- p.32 / Chapter 4 --- Optimal MST-Based Graph Algorithm on FPGA Segmenta- tion Design --- p.37 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.37 / Chapter 4.2 --- MST-Based Graph Algorithm on FPGA Channel Segmentation Design --- p.39 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Net Merging Problem of Row-Based FPGAs --- p.41 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Extended Net Merging Problem of Symmetrical Array FPGAs --- p.44 / Chapter 4.3 --- Experimental Results --- p.46 / Chapter 4.4 --- Summary --- p.46 / Chapter 5 --- Conclusions --- p.48 / Bibliography --- p.50

Mto1 recruits γ-tubulin to the sites of cytoplasmic microtubule nucleation in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The regulation of Mto1 localisation is central to re-modelling of the microtubule cytoskeleton during the cell cycle. This thesis describes how Mto1 is recruited to the cell equator during mitosis, thereby establishing the equatorial microtubule nucleation centre (eMTOC). F-actin is found to be required for Mto1 localisation to the cell equator and Mto1 is shown to co-localise with the cytokinetic actin ring (CAR). Yeast 2-hybrid screening and tandem-affinity purification were used to screen for additional proteins required for Mto1 localisation to the equator. Further candidate screening identified Myp2, a type II myosin present in the CAR, as being required for Mto1 localisation to the cell equator. Myp2 is shown to physically interact with Mto1 and to be required for formation of the post-anaphase microtubule array. The regulation of Mto1 localisation to the cell equator was also studied. Time-lapse microscopy reveals that Mto1 localisation to the equator does not require either the anaphase-promoting complex or the septation initiation network, both of which have been previously shown to be necessary for the recruitment of γ-tubulin to the eMTOC. Maintenance of the equatorial CAR has previously been attributed to the postanaphase array. The position of the CAR in the mto1-427 mutant strain, which fails to nucleate a PAA, is shown to be unaltered from wild-type strain during exponential growth, suggesting that the PAA does not centre the CAR during normal growth.

Marine bivalves are a group of species composed of clams, mussels and oysters. Bivalves are keystone species in coastal ecosystems and represent an increasingly important segment of the global aquaculture industry. Domestication of shellfish species is in the early stages, with few organized breeding programmes and a heavy reliance on wild seed. Consequently, the development and use of genomic markers may significantly assist shellfish aquaculture breeding and production. However, molecular genetic markers typically exhibit unusual patterns of segregation in bivalve species, which result in deviations from Mendelian expectations, and could potentially limit their use in parental assignment, mapping of quantitative trait loci and genomic prediction. Previous studies have suggested that segregation distortions originate at the larval stage, as a result of the linkage of markers to deleterious mutations. This high genetic load has been associated with the high fecundity of bivalve species. However, no direct evidence of a high incidence of de novo mutations has been provided. The aim of this thesis is to gain further insight into segregation distortions in bivalve species by studying the phenomenon at a genome-wide scale, using modern high-throughput sequencing technology. The studies presented in this thesis derive from experiments involving genotyping of parents and offspring from pair-crosses of three different bivalve species (the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, the Blue mussel Mytilus edulis, and the GreenshellTM mussel Perna canaliculus) using high throughput sequencing and SNP arrays. The parent and offspring genotype data were used to characterize patterns of segregation distortion at a genome-wide level, followed by exploratory analyses to test hypotheses related to possible causes of this distortion. Three main findings resulted from the genome-wide analysis of segregation patterns. First, by using Restriction site Associated DNA sequencing (RAD-Seq) we observe that technical artefacts are more widespread than previously considered, contributing to apparent distortions via unreliable genotype calls. By analysing read depth data from RAD-Seq, we suggest that apparent homozygous genotype calls may actually be hemizygous, suggesting a very high frequency of null alleles which contribute to distorted segregation patterns. Bioinformatic pipelines to improve RAD-Seq locus assembly and marker genotyping for bivalve species are presented. Second, by using a high-density SNP array and RAD-Seq in pair crosses of Pacific oyster and aligning to the reference genome assembly, we find that segregation distortions cover extensive regions of the genome, and that certain genomic regions are consistently distorted in different families. Finally, following previous suggestions that the reproductive strategies of bivalve species may favour a high mutation rate, we provide preliminary evidence of a high incidence of de novo mutations that appear spontaneously (i) during male and female gamete formation and (ii) post-zygotically, during larval development. This putative high de novo mutation rate is likely to also contribute to deviations from Mendelian inheritance patterns in these species. New genomic technologies have allowed us to gain substantial insight into the intriguing yet poorly understood phenomena related to inheritance in bivalve species. The results have both fundamental and practical implications for genetic analysis interpretation and selective breeding for aquaculture in this large and highly diverse group of species.

Cheung Chak Chung. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 101-114). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgments --- p.iii / Vita --- p.v / Table of Contents --- p.vi / List of Figures --- p.x / List of Tables --- p.xiv / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Motivation --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Aims and Contribution --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3 --- Thesis Overview --- p.5 / Chapter 2 --- VLSI Design Cycle --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1 --- Logic Synthesis --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Logic Minimization --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Technology Mapping --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Testability --- p.8 / Chapter 2.2 --- Physical Design Synthesis --- p.8 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Partitioning --- p.9 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Floorplanning & Placement --- p.10 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Routing --- p.11 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- "Compaction, Extraction & Verification" --- p.12 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- Physical Design of FPGAs --- p.12 / Chapter 3 --- Alternative Wiring --- p.13 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.13 / Chapter 3.2 --- Notation and Definitions --- p.15 / Chapter 3.3 --- Application of Rewiring --- p.17 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Logic Optimization --- p.17 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Timing Optimization --- p.17 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Circuit Partitioning and Routing --- p.18 / Chapter 3.4 --- Logic Optimization Analysis --- p.19 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Global Flow Optimization --- p.19 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- OBDD Representation --- p.20 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Automatic Test Pattern Generation (ATPG) --- p.22 / Chapter 3.4.4 --- Graph Based Alternative Wiring (GBAW) --- p.23 / Chapter 3.5 --- Augmented GBAW --- p.26 / Chapter 3.6 --- Logic Optimization by using GBAW --- p.28 / Chapter 3.7 --- Conclusions --- p.31 / Chapter 4 --- Multi-way Partitioning using Rewiring Techniques --- p.33 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.33 / Chapter 4.2 --- Circuit Partitioning Algorithm Analysis --- p.38 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- The Kernighan-Lin (KL) Algorithm --- p.39 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- The Fiduccia-Mattheyses (FM) Algorithm --- p.42 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Geometric Representation Algorithm --- p.46 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- The Multi-level Partitioning Algorithm --- p.49 / Chapter 4.2.5 --- Hypergraph METIS - hMETIS --- p.51 / Chapter 4.3 --- The GBAW Partitioning Algorithm --- p.53 / Chapter 4.4 --- Experimental Results --- p.56 / Chapter 4.5 --- Conclusions --- p.58 / Chapter 5 --- Optimum FPGA Switch-Box Designs - HUSB --- p.62 / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.62 / Chapter 5.2 --- Background and Definitions --- p.65 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Routing Architectures --- p.65 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Global Routing --- p.67 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Detailed Routing --- p.67 / Chapter 5.3 --- FPGA Router Comparison --- p.69 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- CGE --- p.69 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- SEGA --- p.70 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- TRACER --- p.71 / Chapter 5.3.4 --- VPR --- p.72 / Chapter 5.4 --- Switch Box Design --- p.73 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- Disjoint type switch box (XC4000-type) --- p.73 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- Anti-symmetric switch box --- p.74 / Chapter 5.4.3 --- Universal Switch box --- p.74 / Chapter 5.4.4 --- Switch box Analysis --- p.75 / Chapter 5.5 --- Terminology --- p.77 / Chapter 5.6 --- "Hyper-universal (4, W)-design analysis" --- p.82 / Chapter 5.6.1 --- "H3 is an optimum (4, 3)-design" --- p.84 / Chapter 5.6.2 --- "H4 is an optimum (4,4)-design" --- p.88 / Chapter 5.6.3 --- "Hi is a hyper-universal (4, i)-design for i = 5,6,7" --- p.90 / Chapter 5.7 --- Experimental Results --- p.92 / Chapter 5.8 --- Conclusions --- p.95 / Chapter 6 --- Conclusions --- p.99 / Chapter 6.1 --- Thesis Summary --- p.99 / Chapter 6.2 --- Future work --- p.100 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- Alternative Wiring --- p.100 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- Partitioning Quality --- p.100 / Chapter 6.2.3 --- Routing Devices Studies --- p.100 / Bibliography --- p.101 / Chapter A --- 5xpl - Berkeley Logic Interchange Format (BLIF) --- p.115 / Chapter B --- Proof of some 2-local patterns --- p.122 / Chapter C --- Illustrations of FM algorithm --- p.124 / Chapter D --- HUSB Structures --- p.127 / Chapter E --- Primitive minimal 4-way global routing Structures --- p.132

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Ocean Engineering, 1980. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING. / Includes bibliographical references. / by William Howard Hanot. / M.S.

Multi electrode array (MEA) systems have evolved from custom-made experimental tools, exploited for neural research, into commercially available systems that are used throughout non-invasive electrophysiological study. MEA systems are used in conjunction with cells and tissues from a number of differing organisms (e.g. mice, monkeys, chickens, plants). The development of MEA systems has been incremental over the past 30 years due to constantly changing specific bioscientific requirements in research. As the application of MEA systems continues to diversify contemporary commercial systems are requiring increased levels of sophistication and greater throughput capabilities.

acase@tulane.edu

To meet the ever increasing demand of high data rate, millimeter-wave (mm-wave) wireless communication has become an area of intense research due to the capability of offering very broad bandwidth. However, the propagation losses increase as a function of operation frequency. Therefore, there is need for antenna systems with high gain and beam-steering capability at elevated frequencies, which comes at the expense of high cost and increased complexity. This dissertation demonstrates the design, micro-fabrication, and characterization of two different antennas and two different antenna arrays. A broadband patch antenna operating within (57-66) GHz band, which works as a building block to create a multifunctional reconfigurable antenna (MRA) that is capable of beam steering in three directions pertaining to θ ∈{-30°, 0°, 30°}; Φ=90°. These standalone antennas were then put in a linear formation to create a 2x8 planar array and a 4x1 multifunctional reconfigurable antenna array (MRAA) to increase the gain further and to offer wider bandwidth. The proposed novel MRA and MRAA possess variable element factors, which potentially can feature as the main building blocks of mm-wave reconfigurable wireless communication systems with reduced cost and complexity.