The aim of this study was to identify what kind of masculinity is shown in 54 articles of the Swedish lifestyle magazine Magazine Café of 1993 and 2008, and in which way this masculinity may be different from eachother. The study included four magazine issues of each year with analysis focus on main articles and abolishment of reviews and press items.  The method was semiotic analysis with focus on manly characteristics and stereotypes.  The result showed that the normative man pictured in Magazine Café in 1993 was a man’s-man interested in manly characteristic business as sports, outdoor adventures and women. Fifteen years later not much has changed. The manly characteristics are the same but they have been complemented with a man-by-man accepted and homosexually inspired vain.

This thesis analyzes pain with respect to Nietzsche&#039 / s Dionysus-Crucified distinction. This distinction, which Nietzsche underlies, reveals his philosophical project. The meaning of pain is at the core point of this distinction. These two deities symbolizes attitudes towards life and pain in it. Dionysus represents the affirmation of becoming and tragic wisdom / and Crucified (Christ) represents despise and escape from life or ascetic ideals. In this sense, the dissertation will first trace Nietzsche&#039 / s world view. Then the following discussions will present a detailed analysis of ascetic ideals (and their genealogical roots), and tragic wisdom from the perspective of Nietzsche for consideration.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Riverside, 2009. / Includes abstract. Title from first page of PDF file (viewed March 11, 2010). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Includes bibliographical references (p. 170-172). Also issued in print.

Problems related to mental health among young Swedish women, age 15-20, has increased in the past years and is seen as a problem in both on the national and the local levels. Growing up and becoming an adult is a turbulent period for many young people and the school is one area in which this comes to appear. The aim of this study was to identify the causes to lack of mental health related to appearance and achievement among women age 16-19 in senior high school. This study is an interview study with self-made questions, which took place in a medium-sized town in northern Sweden. The result showed that almost every young woman that was interviewed had high expectations on themselves in school-related matters and that stress was a recurrent topic in the interviews. There were also findings that some of the young woman felt stress in their leisure activities. Most of the respondents expressed that they had to put on makeup and fix their hair before they left home, they also wanted to have decent clothes. In the discussion it is said that, to improve problems with the mental health among young women, both the young women and previous recommendations needs to be taken in account.

In 1990, Fröberg presented a combinatorial classification of the quadratic square-free monomial ideals with linear resolutions. He showed that the edge ideal of a graph has a linear resolution if and only if the complement of the graph is chordal. Since then, a generalization of Fröberg's theorem to higher dimensions has been sought in order to classify all square-free monomial ideals with linear resolutions. Such a characterization would also give a description of all square-free monomial ideals which are Cohen-Macaulay. In this thesis we explore one method of extending Fröberg's result. We generalize the idea of a chordal graph to simplicial complexes and use simplicial homology as a bridge between this combinatorial notion and the algebraic concept of a linear resolution. We are able to give a generalization of one direction of Fröberg's theorem and, in investigating the converse direction, find a necessary and sufficient combinatorial condition for a square-free monomial ideal to have a linear resolution over fields of characteristic 2.

No description available.

Doctors, academically educated and authorized, assert that there is more to being a real doctor than having fulfilled the formal criteria. It has been said that there is a particular doctor's ethos, which is based not only on thorough medical education but also on traditional know-how, internalized ethics and good character. This paper contains several studies of the efforts of Swedish physicians to define themselves as doctors, individually and collectively, during the period 1890-1960 and to identify the ethos of their profession. The empirical material consists mainly of texts written by doctors for doctors on different social and political questions pertaining to the profession's interests. Studying the identities, interests and ideals that have been expressed by Swedish doctors in society and on the professional and individual level made it possible to distinguish and describe different aspects of their particular ethos. The starting point for these studies was the discussions during the inter-war period – held above all in Germany but also in Sweden – about the crisis of medicine and of the medical profession (chapter 1). Developments in legislation concerning the authorization of doctors show the ambiguity of the Swedish doctor's legal identity (chapter 2). The Swedish medical profession's efforts to hold on to the concept of internalized ethics meant that formal ethical rules were not accepted until 1951 (chapter 3). A study of medical obituaries revealed that the ideal doctor was seen as a man and a good colleague with his ethics rooted in antiquity (chapter 4). The heterogeneous medical profession has not been able to reach a consensus as to a common identity or common interests and ideals. The efforts of leading men amongst Swedish doctors gain charismatic, traditional and legal legitimacy for the profession have been opposed. After 1960, however, doctor's legitimacy in the scientific field has gained ground (chapter 5). Debate concerning the ethos of the doctors served as a strategy to unite the profession and to draw boundaries against those considered to be unqualified actors in the field of the healing arts. This, in itself, is part of this ethos.

Darbo tikslas yra aptarti egzistuojančias romantinės meilės teorijas ir tyrimus bei ištirti jaunų žmonių kultūrinius romantinės meilės modelių vaizdinius Lietuvos kontekste. Siekiant šio tikslo, sprendžiami šie uždaviniai: (1) aptariamos romantinės meilės universalumą postuluojančios teorijos; (2) nagrinėjamos romantinės meilės istoriškumą ir kultūriškumą teigiančios teorijos; (3) aptariamos sociologines romantinę meilę naginėjančias teorijas ir pateikiamas jų empirinis pagrįstumas; (4) aptariamos kultūrinių romantinės meilės modelių teorines prielaidos; (5) derinant skirtingus metodus, aptariama, kokie kultūriniai romantinės meilės vaizdiniai vyrauja tarp jaunų žmonių Lietuvos kontekste. Tyrimo metodai: mokslinės literatūros ir antrinių duomenų analizė, kiekybinio bei kokybinio tyrimo duomenų analizė. Darbe analizuojamos romantinės meilės teorijos, siekiant išnarplioti romantinės meilės termino daugiareikšmiškumą. Evoliucinė perspektyva romantinę meilę įpina į platesnį poravimosi ir palikuonių auginimo strategijos mechanizmą. Feministinė teorija romantinę meilę laiko represyviu diskursu įkalinančiu moteris tradiciniuose lyčių vaidmenyse. . Darbe romantinę meilę tirsiu kaip kultūrinį modelį, remiantis prof. Victoro de Muncko teorinėmis prielaidomis apie kultūrinį modelį. Sociologinė tarpasmeninių santykių teorinė analizė fiksuojanti intymumo kaitos procesą, darbe tarnauja kaip kontekstas, kuriame kultūriniai romantinės meilės modeliai veiksmų strategijoms suteikia naujas... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The purpose of the study is to discuss the existing theories and researches on the issues of romantic love and to explore the images of cultural models of romantic love among young people in Lithuanian context. In order to achieve this goal, the study aimed to: (1) discuss theories, which postulate the universality of romantic love; (2) analyze theories, which maintain historical and cultural value of romantic love; (3) discuss and give empirical ground to the theories, which examine sociological aspects of romantic love; (4) discuss the premises of the cultural patterns of romantic love; (5) combining different methods, to discuss what cultural images of romantic love dominate among young people in Lithuanian context. Research methods: the analysis of the academic literature and secondary data, the analysis of the quantitative and qualitative research data. The study analyses the existing theories of romantic love, in order to understand the polysemy of this concept. From an evolutionary perspective romantic love is part of more global mating and caretaking strategies. Feminism considers romantic love to be a repressive discourse, which imprisons women in traditional gender roles. In this study romantic love will be analyzed as a cultural model, according to the theory of cultural model offered by Prof. Victor de Munck. Theoretical analysis of social interpersonal relationships, exploring intimacy tendencies, serves as a context in which cultural models of romantic love... [to full text]

Disney’s princesses and heroines have long captured the minds and hearts of young girls with their magical dress. This thesis researches the fashion symbols in a chosen set of animated movies and relate this to children’s reception, sexuality and gender issues and narrative identities. A semiotic analysis of the movies and relating them to read literature will shine a new light on this subject.

In this essay, I have interviewed six young women about their views on body image and how their views are affected by their surroundings, massmedia and social media. Also the relationship between body image and eating disorders is relevant in this context and has a part in the study. The purpose of this study is to build an understanding of how young women relate to the body ideal that exists around them. Theoretical auxiliary tools used are George Herbert Mead's theory of the generalized other, Erving Goffman's theory of dramaturgical perspective and impression management, and Du Bois's theory of double consciousness. I have also used two scientific articles to get a deeper understanding of the subject. I will discuss the theoretical concepts and previous research by pending between these and the empirical material. Using a qualitative approach, I have been able to show that all the respondents' views on the ideal body is affected by the massmedia, social media and the respondents’ surroundings. The respondents also re2port that they find it difficult to fit into society if they do not live up to the current body ideals. This puts a lot of pressure on the respondents and several of them report recurring eating disorder behaviour. There are also positive aspects of the current body ideals, for example when they affect the respondents to eat healthier food, exercise and live healthier lives in general. The ethnicity of the respondents affects their body ideals and it is common that the respondents seek certain traits in the opposite ethnicity, for example women with foreign origin seeking blond hair and blue eyes. The most prominent finding in my study is the enormous pressure that my respondents experience, when trying to live up to the body ideals, and how this pressure is enhanced by massmedia, social media and the respondents’ surroundings. / I denna uppsats har jag intervjuat sex unga kvinnor om deras syn på kroppsideal och hur dessa kvinnor påverkas av deras omgivning, massmedia och sociala medier. Även relationen mellan kroppsideal och ätstörningar är relevant i sammanhanget och ingår i studien. Syftet med undersökningen är att utifrån mina respondenters svar skapa en förståelse för hur unga kvinnor förhåller sig till det kroppsideal som finns i deras vardag. Teoretiska hjälpverktyg som använts är George Herbert Meads (2007) teori om den generaliserade andre, Erving Goffmans teori om dramaturgisk perspektiv- och intryckstyrning samt Du Bois teori om det dubbla medvetandet. Jag har också använt två vetenskapliga artiklar, Elefant i nylonstrumpor – om kvinnlighet, kropp och hunger (Johansson, 1999) samt Vacker och lycklig? – om identitet, konsumtion och risk (Larsson, 2012) för att skapa en djupare förståelse kring kroppsideal. Jag kommer att redovisa de teoretiska begreppen och tidigare forskning och använda dessa som hjälpverktyg i min analys av det empiriska materialet. Med hjälp av en kvalitativ undersökningsmetod har jag kunnat påvisa att alla respondenters syn på kroppsideal påverkas av massmedia, sociala medier och respondenternas omgivning. Respondenterna upplever också att det är svårt att passa in i samhället om de inte lever upp till de rådande kroppsidealen. Den press som detta skapar gör att flera av respondenterna uppvisar tendenser till ätstörningar och liknande beteenden. Det finns även positiva aspekter med de rådande kroppsidealen, till exempel att vissa av respondenterna har blivit påverkade till att äta nyttigare, träna sina kroppar och leva hälsosammare liv. Respondenternas etnicitet påverkar i viss mån deras kroppsideal och det är vanligt att respondenterna eftersträvar vissa drag hos den motsatta etniciteten, till exempel att kvinnor med utländsk bakgrund eftersträvar blont hår och blåa ögon. Det mest framträdande i studien är den stora press, kopplad till att försöka leva upp till kroppsidealet, som respondenterna upplever och ofta mår dåligt av – och hur denna press förstärks av massmedia, sociala medier och respondenternas omgivning.