The study examined the extent to which type-of-practice strategies (massed or distributed) had an effect on learning a verbal information (reading) or intellectual skill (math) task for second- and fourth-grade students. One hundred and ninety students from eight second- and fourth-grade classrooms participated in the study. Classrooms were randomly assigned to the two practice conditions and all students participated in a 9- week integrated learning system (ILS) intervention. The present study found that intellectual skill tasks are learned slightly more effectively in a massed than distributed practice mode, though the difference was not statistically significant. Students also learned verbal information tasks more effectively in the massed practice mode, though the difference was not statistically significant. The differences between the two practice conditions were not as great on verbal information tasks, however, and no statistically significant differences were found. Additional analyses, using the number of lesson units completed, showed that having completed a greater number of math lessons had a positive effect on the math test scores. These analyses suggest that a stronger treatment or better adherence to the treatment could have caused a statistically significant effect for massed practice in intellectual skill domains. Replication is needed to provide a more solid foundation for this assertion. It was concluded from this study, due to the moderate effect size differences and the identical cost factor for incorporating the two types of practice, that the use of massed practice would be more prudent for intellectual skill tasks. Massed practice is also more effective in the higher order verbal information area. Strong research inference suggests the continuance of distributed practice for "lower level" tasks, particularly in the verbal information areas. Further research is needed to discover factors that limit or negate the spacing effect.

The MacKenzie Basin, located in the District of MacKenzie in the southern part of the Northwest Territories, Canada, includes a thick succession of Middle Devonian strata. This basin, bordered to the east by the Canadian Shield and to the south by the Tathlina Uplift, was directly connected to the open ocean that lay to the northwest. Comprehensive facies analyses of the Chinchaga Formation, Lonely Bay Formation, Horn Plateau Formation, and Horn River Formation, which formed in this basin during the Early and Middle Devonian, shows that sedimentation was largely controlled by eustatic sea level changes. Accordingly, these strata reflect a long period of sea level rise during which shallow water evaporite deposition in the Eifelian was followed by open marine conditions that led to reef growth in the Givetian, and ultimately pelagic shale deposition in the Frasnian. The Horn Plateau Formation is comprised of numerous isolated reefs that are located along northeast-southwest direction over a distance of 350 km along the MacKenzie Basin ramp. Reefs in the southwest are dominated by stromatoporoids whereas those in the northeast are dominated by corals. Although difficult to prove, it appears that the distribution of the stromatoporoids and corals may have been controlled by nutrients coming from coastal upwelling or runoff from the exposed Canadian Shield. Effects of early diagenetic processes were evident on the MacKenzie Basin ramp in an intensely bioturbated facies in the Lonely Bay Formation. Burrows from this facies are dolomite-filled further down the ramp and calcite-filled proximal to the Canadian Shield in the east. Anoxic conditions and the presence of sulphate reducing bacteria may have promoted early dolomite formation in the burrows located in deeper water. Burrows further up the ramp were oxygenated and show evidence of input from the exposed Canadian Shield, both of which may have inhibited low-temperature dolomite formation.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. / The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (March 1, 2007) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

This dissertation investigates the High Level Architecture (HLA) as a possible distributed simulation framework for transportation systems. The HLA is an object-oriented approach to distributed simulations developed by the Department of Defense (DoD) to handle the issues of reuse and interoperability of simulations. The research objectives are as follows: (1) determine the feasibility of making existing traffic management simulation environments HLA compliant; (2) evaluate the usability of existing HLA support software in the transportation arena; (3) determine the usability of methods developed by the military to test for HLA compliance on traffic simulation models; and (4) examine the possibility of using the HLA to create Internet-based virtual environments for transportation research. These objectives were achieved in part via the development of a distributed simulation environment using the HLA. Two independent traffic simulation models (federates) comprised the environment (federation). A CORSIM federate models a freeway feeder road with an on-ramp while an Arena federate models a tollbooth exchange.

In this work the usage of a WLC (Wafer Level Camera) for ensuring road safety has been presented. A prototype of a WLC along with the Aptina MT9M114 stereoboard has been used for this project. The basic idea is to observe the movements of the driver. By doing so an understanding of whether the driver is concentrating on the road can be achieved. For this project the display of the required scene is captured with a wafer-level camera pair. Using the image pairs stereo processing is performed to obtain the real depth of the objects in the scene. Image recognition is used to separate the object from the background. This ultimately leads to just concentrating on the object which in the present context is the driver.

The following paper is a documentation and project report of the construction of a project called Synergy. It details the underlying notion, investigation, procedure, and learning that lead to the construction, as well as the reflection upon a level design. Which purpose was to impose a heightened level of authorial control to its creator; thereby more fluidly conveying a creator's ambitions to its audience through the use of cinematographic cues. Upon the project's completion further investigations was done in respect to the finished product whereby I found that others had constructed similar systems, though not for the same cause.

The Institutional Reform of Land Development of Mainland China¡G A case study on urban regeneration of Putian City. The Peoples' Republic of China launched economic reforms and open-door policy in 1978.After that, China launched the compensatory transfer of land ownership system in which land could be sold in terms of money. China's real estate industry had kept a rapid growth momentum; Chinese government has taken real estates industry as a new drive for its economic growth. On the policy background of decentralization of powers among government level, the district governments owned strong financial autonomy and land approval rights, thus promoting district rent seeking behavior have become the key factors which attracted the district government to release land into the real estate market positively. After economic reform in China, central government relegated more authority to subordinate level of governments, make place bureaucrat enjoy power of measuring and decision, because the land development system is complicated and has local personalities again on the other hand, so this study proceeds from the investigation view of Taiwan trader invested in, with Putian City of Fujian Province, Field case was used to verify the Current Situation and Difficulties that Taiwan trader is facing while investigating real estate in the specific city of Mainland China, to supplement the investigation result which had been done by Jin¡¦s (2001) in land development system. The main conclusion of this study is as follows¡G 1. The comprehensive network relationship with relevant government department, and organizational operation, planning strategy and management performance is very important to land development project. 2. Expropriation compensation and the settle down procedure is more and more Institutionalize gradually. 3. The government manages efficiency low, and postpone redevelopment schedule painstakingly in high perplexity renewal area. 4. The coastal second level city, like Putian City, is indeed suitable for medium-size enterprise of Taiwan to develop real estate career.

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Thesis (Ph.D) - [Faculty of Information and Communication Technologies], Swinburne University of Technology, 2009. / Typescript. A thesis submitted to [Faculty of Information and Communication Technologies], Swinburne University of Technology for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. "March 2009". Bibliography: p. 136-141.

In the present research, I apply a construal level framework to understanding when people gravitate towards all-at-once (e.g., four hours in one day, $100 lump-sum) versus distributed (one hour a day for four days, $20 per month for 5 months) philanthropy. I argue that more abstract construals increase the weight that people place on idealistic concerns, whereas more concrete construals increase the weight that people place on pragmatic concerns, and that people expect allocating time and money in an all-at-once versus distributed manner to satisfy idealistic and pragmatic concerns to different degrees. Chapter 1 of this dissertation focuses specifically on volunteerism and compliance to specific requests (i.e., an all-at-once or a distributed request, but not both). Studies 1 and 2 demonstrated people expected all-at-once and distributed volunteerism to satisfy idealistic and pragmatic concerns, respectively. The final two studies in Chapter 1 showed that situationally induced differences (Study 3) and individual differences (Study 4) in construal level were associated with behavioral compliance to a volunteer request. Specifically, people who adopted a more abstract construal were more likely to comply with an all-at-once (versus distributed) request. Conversely, people who adopted a more concrete construal were more likely to comply with a distributed (versus all-at-once) volunteer request. Chapter 2 explored the role of construal level in compliance with allocated monetary requests. Study 5 demonstrated that people expect all-at-once and distributed donations to satisfy idealistic and pragmatic concerns, respectively. Study 6 demonstrated that a real-world relevant manipulation of construal level influenced behavioral compliance to a donation request. Specifically, people who were led to adopt a more abstract construal were more likely to comply with an all-at-once (versus distributed) request, whereas people who were led to adopt a more concrete construal were more likely to comply with a distributed (versus all-at-once) donation request. Study 7 provided evidence that people’s baseline preference is for all-at-once requests, highlighting the utility of a more concrete construal in increasing receptivity to distributed requests. Finally, although many organizations do not offer a distributed donation option, Study 8 showed that it does not necessarily hurt an organization to include it among the options. However, preliminary evidence is inconclusive as to whether offering distributed contribution option can increase the likelihood and amount that people donate in the long run. Chapter 3 concludes the dissertation with a discussion of the theoretical and practical implications of the findings, as well as potential future research directions. / text