This thesis aims to investigate and discuss the conceptual and operational contexts of innovative approaches in the design of multi residential housing in Turkey over three selected cases. Flexibility, as an inclusive concept that encompasses adaptability and typological variety, is used to structure the framework of the discussion. The inquiry is based on the idea that flexibility and the associated concepts can be used to develop, in N. John Habraken&rsquo / s words, &ldquo / a new and challenging kind of architecture&rdquo / in the context of multi residential housing. The housing blocks designed by Ahmet G&uuml / lg&ouml / nen in Eryaman 3rd Stage, and those designed by Tuncay &Ccedil / avdar in the same stage, and Levent Loft 1 project designed by Tabanlioglu Architects are selected as cases. These projects advocate flexibility and also exemplify an innovative approach to design. The thesis introduces a conceptual framework that allows dealing with flexibility in the housing context, and then evaluates the selected cases by means of this conceptual framework.

雇主基於一定之經濟上目的，常與勞工在不定期勞動契約中，約定勞工於一定之期間內，必須繼續為雇主提供勞務，不得提前離職。此種最低服務年限約定條款，常見於各行各業之中，且類型繁多，也增加了問題研究的複雜性；因此，本文首重整理歸納實務上已經出現之案例類型，藉以釐清最低服務年限約定條款之定義與性質，作為研究之基礎。 有關最低服務年限約定條款的效力，涉及勞工職業自由與雇主經濟自由之衝突，本文認為應以利益權衡的方式，來判斷最低服務年限約定條款的效力。實務上，基於契約自由原則，率多承認此等條款的法律上效力，並慣於以違約金酌減之方式，來控制最低服務年限約定條款的合理性。不過，本文並不贊同實務通說之見解，另行提出「必要性」與「合理性」的二階段理論，作為最低服務年限約定條款效力的判斷依據。 實務上，最低服務年限約定條款常伴隨一些問題，譬如定型化勞動契約、終止權之限制、違約金約定條款、補償措施返還條款、訓練費用償還條款、選派進修關係等，本文也將在適當之處就此些問題加以論述。 文末，將對於最低服務年限約定條款在我國實務上的現況，作一回顧式的整理，並就相關的議題提出具有展望性的立法建議。

The study deals with investigation of acoustical characteristics of a hybrid silencer made up of a dissipative silencer and a quarter wave tube resonator. The theoretical and experimental analyses are performed to define acoustic characteristics of a simple expansion chamber and reactive perforated silencer, while the numerical and experimental solutions are presented for dissipative perforated silencer. Furthermore, the experiments and numerical solutions are extended to the hybrid silencer to find the effect of quarter wave tube resonator on the silencer performance. The experimental results of dissipative silencer are verified with theoretical solutions. The empirical expressions for acoustic impedance of perforation and filling material are presented in this study for use in a three-dimensional boundary element method (BEM). Besides, an experimental setup is also established to find the characteristic impedance and wavenumber of absorbing material to import BEM solution when the empirical expression cannot be used. The results found with BEM are compared by analytical and experimental results favorably.

This thesis aims to set out an urban public design framework based on gender differences and experiences, in order to pay attention to the design of the open public spaces, parks in particular, to enhance them as places which are friendly to all people. In this manner two public parks were selected in Ankara to verify the theoretical framework and hypotheses set. The thesis study first makes a review of theoretical concepts of gender relations in public spaces and recreational areas. Then, it explains how an open public space is examined with respect to the three main headings, user profiles, use patterns and sense of safety felt by users. The case studies are Segmenler Park in the Gaziosmanpasa- Kavaklidere district and Ke&ccedil / i&ouml / ren Park in the Ke&ccedil / i&ouml / ren district, two public parks in two different sectors of the city with different cultural, economical and social structures. The concept of gender differences and effects of gender relations on the use patterns of a place and vice a versa, different needs and perceptions of men and women in public places and effective design solutions are studied in the second chapter. Then, two public parks are examined with the above framework. This is done first with respect to the mentioned component, and then with the data based on maps, photographs, personal observation and questionnaires which to find out the problems and characteristics of the users. Finally in the conclusion, the differences and needs of users and strengths and weaknesses of design and planning of the parks are evaluated to set specific design principles and solutions in the design of public parks.