No description available.

This dissertation provides three distinct perspectives on state rainy day funds. The first empirical chapter explores the factors that influence a state to access their rainy day fund, and a variety of economic, institutional, and political factors to be important. The influence and effects of these factors, however, are contextual, and vary depending on the economic environment and political control. The most important influences on accessing the rainy day fund, however, are economic indicators that are in line with the purpose of state rainy day funds. The second empirical chapter investigates the influence of state rainy day fund deposit and withdrawal rules on where lawmakers place savings. The findings reveal that when states have strict rule configurations that limit legislative discretion, lawmakers avoid placing savings in the formal rainy day funds and opt for informal savings that allow for easier access. The final empirical chapter examines if states save enough to handle their unique economic environments. This chapter replicates Joyce's (2001) study with longitudinal data to gain a better understanding of state savings behavior and economic environments. Additionally, this chapter posits that informal and formal rainy day fund savings are closely linked, and, therefore, scholars need to consider both accounts when determining if states save enough their unique economic environment. Results indicate that under a broader view of state savings behavior and volatility, states are in a much better position than Joyce originally reported. What is more, when we consider both formal and informal savings, states are in a very good position to handle average volatility.

TESIS PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE MAGÍSTER EN FINANZAS / A lo largo de la historia, se han efectuado numerosos estudios en el campo de los dividendos. El presente trabajo lleva a cabo una investigación sobre los retornos anormales de las principales acciones en Latinoamérica en torno a la fecha límite de suscripción para tener derecho a dividendos por parte de los accionistas, y tiene como objetivo determinar su existencia. Además, busca complementar los estudios expuestos por Castillo y Jakob (2006), y Fuenzalida y Nash (2004), esta vez, analizando específicamente los retornos anormales accionarios previos al Ex-Dividend Day, que es el primer día en la que la acción se transa sin tener derecho a los dividendos. La metodología utilizada es la de “Estudio de eventos”, la cual tiene como objetivo comprobar si se ha generado algún tipo de rentabilidad extraordinaria en algún activo financiero. El principal resultado determinó la existencia de retornos anormales promedio acumulados (CAAR) significativos para un mes y dos semanas previas a la fecha límite, inclusive ésta, corroborando lo expuesto por Eades, Hess and Kim en 1984.

From Introduction: The most natural divisions of time for this historical survey of the growth and development of the Seventh-day Adventist Church in Southern Africa fall into three periods: (1) from 1920, when the African Division of Seventh-day Adventists was organized, to 1931, when it was reorganized under the name Southern African Division; (2) from 1931 to 1945, covering the period years of the Great Depression and Second world War; (3) from 1946 to 1960, the post-war. Attention is given in Chapter I to a certain phase of church development because the church had emerged at the highest level of Adventist organization, i.e. a Division. Although the first group of Adventists adopted the simplest form of organization in 1892 known as the South African Conference, the church was small and little known. The church at Division level therefore embarked on a programme of orientation and adaptation to gain recognition and make itself known everywhere. Closely allied to this was organization. Chapter II defines the organization of the church and explains how it was financed. The history of its organization and reorganization is also traced. Chapters III and IV deal with an era of expansion during the twenties in the establishment of missions, medical missions and training institutions, while new mission fields were entered and old mission fields were further developed. Chapters V and VI continue to trace the development of missions, mission fields, medical missions, and training institutions together with important changes in the medical and educational work. Further reorganization and new developments in the European church and African church are also outlined. The great emphasis on expansion and the development of institutions finally reached a point whereby "institutionalism" overtook "evangelism". Chapter VII discusses this problem and what was done to try and arrest it. Thus the history of the church is brought to an interesting turning point and climax in Part Two. Chapter VIII breaks from the common run of growth and development in missions, medical missions and institutions and traces the development of the principles and practice of the Adventist Church. The Southern African Division set itself the objective of full maturity in the establishment of a self-supporting, self-governing and self- propagating church in Africa. The history of these principles are covered together with the principles governing the reception of government grants-in-aid. Chapter IX deals with the analysis and development of the three-fold ministry of teaching, preaching and healing. These chapters in Part Three do not constitute a conclusion but simply give further insights in the growth and development of the church .

Chapter One ("Amongst The Ruins") attempts to survey contemporary society through Lewis' eyes. The main characteristics of the age are these: (1) the extent to which the machine dominates the life of our times, and the economic, social, and psychological maladjustments which result; (2) the tragedy of recurring war; (3) the decay of religious orthodoxy and the quest for spiritual reassurance Chapter Two (The Appetite For Wholeness) deals with Lewis' attempt to achieve singleness of mind as related in his spiritual autobiography, Transitional Poem. This poem is especially important for the expression of certain germinal ideas which later develop into fundamental concept These germinal ideas are the polarity of flesh and spirit: the duality of physical and spiritual love; a carpe diem conception of pleasure; the acceptance of pain; the worship of hero in his role of decisive action; and the decision to take the side of the proletariat in the class struggles of the age. Chapter Three (The Spendthrift Fire the Holy Fire) examines the poetry of love and sex. From Feathers To Iron relates the thoughts and feelings of the poet during the nine months which precede the birth of his first child. This poem is considered from three different levels; as a human story, as a pageant of nature, as a political allegory on the birth of a new world. Other lyrics of love and sex deal with sex perversion, and the change which time brings to the marriage relationship, while others are in the mood of cavalier dalliance. Chapter Four (Inertia and Stimulants) presents Lewis’ argument that the key to the sickness of society is a divorce between flesh and spirit. This divorce brings about frustration and inertia, as exemplified by the various "Defendants" of The Magnetic Mountain, and leads to attempts at artificial stimulation, as exemplified by the four "Enemies" of the same book. Chapter Five (The Shape of Man’s Necessity) contends that The Magnetic Mountain offers socialism as a political solution which will heal the divorce of flesh and spirit. The enthusiasm of The Magnetic Mountain and Noah and the Waters gives way in later poems to a disappointment tempered by the faith that the socialist solution, though delayed, will eventually come. Chapter Six (In The Act of Decision) presents Lewis’ ideas of tradition and shows that the hero is one who acts decisively because his knowledge of necessity has united the desires of flesh and the desires of spirit. "A Time To Dance" and "Nabara" are epic stories which may be regarded as example of men in the act of decision. Chapter Seven (The Unique Minute) discusses the dual nature of Lewis’ philosophy of acceptance, The acceptance of joy becomes a carpe diem philosophy; the acceptance of suffering shows that the poet recognizes the complementary nature of joy and pain. Chapter Eight (Defend The Bad Against The Worse) examines the war poems which fall into three categories: (1) prophetic poems written before 1939; (2) poems about England at war; (3) poems about the prospect of lasting peace in the future. Chapter Nine (Emotional Logic) deals with the technique of the poems. Some of the conclusions drawn are these: (1) Soth logical and emotional coherence are used, hut the former predominates; (2) In matters of rhythm and rhyme, the influence of Anglo-Saxon versification, Hopkins, Owen, Eliot and Auden is present, but as not as great as is commonly supposed; (3) in general Lewis Is not an obscure poet; (4) In his latest poems (Short Is The Time) Lewis reveals that technically he is both versatile and accomplished, and that his poetry does not lack the purposeful ambiguity or qualities of "occlusion" which is a mark of great poetry. / Arts, Faculty of / English, Department of / Graduate

No description available.

Even as the numbers of migrants waiting in North Africa to continue their journeys to Europe continue to grow, the social and political consequences of this time spent “en route” remain marginal to conversations around migration across the Mediterranean. There is a focus on migrants’ movement through space, with emphasis on origin and destination, presumed to be Europe, but not much attention paid to the time in between. Rather than centering on how borders regulate, impede, and allow or not, migratory flow, and what happens when European borders are crossed, this dissertation focuses on another of the predominant phenomena to which borders give rise: waiting. This dissertation emerges from the social worlds and subjective transformations that take place in and around the borderlands of the Strait of Gibraltar. These worlds include communities of West African migrants who have become immigrants in Morocco, Moroccan and Spanish day-laborers who work as commodity porters moving back and forth between Morocco and Spain, and activist and mutual aid networks that have emerged around the rapidly growing immigrant community in Tangier, Morocco. Lives lived while waiting, whether in the city of Tangier among im/migrants or in the commodity warehouses that abut the border between Spanish Ceuta and Morocco, form consequential habits that sediment into social life and become fields for potential political claims grounded in communal sentiments. As such, this dissertation explores the consequences of these communal sentiments across the many borders of the Strait of Gibraltar, and draws on intensive fieldwork between 2017 and 2019 in the context of a decade of research in Tangier and Ceuta. It does so through a critical ethnographic analysis exploring the emergent languages, labors, and infrastructures of belonging and difference that emerge among immigrant and migrant communities in Tangier, Morocco and Ceuta, Spain. Theoretically, this dissertation builds from theories of metapragmatic discourse analysis, infrastructural flow and breakdown, and borderland political economies in order to emphasize the worlds emergent along these borders. When seen through the lens of waiting, understanding the growth and transformations of migratory dynamics and border politics in the region means paying more attention to this time spent “en route,” its consequences beyond just the regulation of access to spatial territories, and the categories of belonging and difference that emerge along the way.

Thesis (M.S.)--Boston University / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / 2031-01-01

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which the religiousness of the Seventh-day Adventists with no parochial education differs from those with some or all of their education in parochial schools. The sample was randomly chosen from the adult membership of eight Adventist churches within fifty miles of Boston. / 2031-01-01

Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) is a region of peak plasma density found at ± 10 ◦ to 20 ◦ magnetic latitudes at F-region altitudes. In 2002, NASA launched the Global Ultra Violet Imager (GUVI), which can observe the EIA at various local times, longitudes, and seasons by the glow of the recombining electrons and ions in the plasma. This thesis presents the observations of the geomagnetic quiet time EIA and its global behavior at all local times using 1356 ˚A radiance data from high altitude GUVI limb scans. Limb data is prepared for analysis using reduction techniques that remove from the limb file, contaminating signatures of stars, glints, and low altitude day time neutral atmosphere emissions. A simple comparison of the subtracted data at different local times, longitudes, seasons, and magnetic activity reveals significant EIA variability with each of these factors. A global morphology of the quiet time EIA is developed using metrics such as the peak latitude and peak radiance, extracted from the EIA structures. The study shows that the EIA develops gradually in the day, peaking between 1100 to 1400 hours LT, and falls in the night time. Signatures of the prereversal drift enhancement due to enhanced post-sunset F-region vertical drifts appear during December solstice seasons between 19:00 to 21:00 local time. The GUVI EIA observations are compared with 1356 ˚A radiance data simulated from electron densities predicted by ionospheric models, namely USUGAIM and TIMEGCM. Results show that the models overestimate the radiance values by a small amount. However, the EIA variability with local time and longitudes as predicted by the models compares well with the GUVI observations.