Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2017-07-12T22:04:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese vers?o final com ficha.pdf: 2919026 bytes, checksum: e0cf3c8db3a8cc81cb105cb2fbb154b3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-12T22:04:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese vers?o final com ficha.pdf: 2919026 bytes, checksum: e0cf3c8db3a8cc81cb105cb2fbb154b3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-03 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The flavonoid rutin (3-0-rutinos?deo-quercetin) stands out among the natural products as a promising alternative in the fight against degenerative diseases and related to aging. However, the low solubility and stability thereof in different media, especially lipophilic limited applications in pharmaceutical preparations. The biocatalytic transformation by enzymatic acylation has been suggested by several authors, with good reaction yields. In this sense, the objective of this study was to promote the enzymatic acylation of rutin, using castor oil as acylating agent and lipase as a catalyst, to characterize the formed product, estimate the efficiency of bioconversion, and to investigate in vitro the antioxidant activity and cytotoxic effect opposite the reaction product Vero cells. The catalytic transformation occurred at 50?C for 120 hours. The product was subjected to column chromatography, followed by filtration by Sephadex LH-20. The chemical structure of rutin-O-ricinoleate was determined by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) 1H and 13C and by liquid chromatography / mass spectroscopy (HPLC/MS). In another experiment, it was observed the formation of the ester content by High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to a detector diode arrangements (HPLC-DAD) under conditions which allow assessing the reaction yield over 120 hours. The analytical method proposed has been validated considering the linearity parameters, accuracy, precision, limit of quantification and detection proved to be suitable for quantification of ricinoleato rutin. It was found by this method that the reaction product maintained the antioxidant capacity of rutin and there was no evidence of cytotoxicity. / O flavonoide rutina (quercetina-3-0-rutinos?deo) se destaca entre os produtos naturais como uma alternativa promissora no combate ?s doen?as degenerativas e relacionadas ao envelhecimento. No entanto, a baixa solubilidade e estabilidade da mesma em diferentes meios, especialmente lipof?licos, limitam as aplica??es em prepara??es farmac?uticas. A transforma??o biocatal?tica, atrav?s da acila??o enzim?tica, tem sido sugerida por diversos autores, com bons rendimentos reacionais. Neste sentido, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi promover a acila??o enzim?tica da rutina, utilizando ?leo de mamona como agente acilante e lipase como catalizador, caracterizar o produto formado, estimar o rendimento da bioconvers?o, al?m de investigar in vitro a atividade antioxidante e o efeito citot?xico do produto reacional frente ?s c?lulas Vero. A transforma??o catal?tica ocorreu em temperatura de 50?C, durante 120 horas. O produto foi submetido ? cromatografia em coluna, seguida de filtra??o por Sephadex LH-20. A estrutura qu?mica da rutina-O-ricinoleato, foi determinada por Resson?ncia Magn?tica Nuclear (RMN) 1H e de 13C e por cromatografia l?quida/espectroscopia de massas (CLAE/EM). Em outro experimento, foi verificado o teor de forma??o do ?ster por Cromatografia ? L?quidos de Alta Efici?ncia acoplado a um detector de arranjos Diodos (CLAE-DAD), em condi??es que permitiram avaliar o rendimento reacional ao longo de 120 horas. O m?todo anal?tico proposto foi validado considerando os par?metros de linearidade, exatid?o, precis?o, Limites de quantifica??o e de detec??o mostrando-se adequado para a quantifica??o da rutina ricinoleato. Verificou-se pelos m?todos avaliados, que o produto reacional manteve a capacidade antioxidante da rutina e que n?o houve evid?ncia de citotoxicidade.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2016-02-11T10:24:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_TIAGO_KUNZ_COMPLETO.pdf: 2813092 bytes, checksum: 4a31e9fa6f6b00754e7f702733f5c592 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-11T10:24:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_TIAGO_KUNZ_COMPLETO.pdf: 2813092 bytes, checksum: 4a31e9fa6f6b00754e7f702733f5c592 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-30 / Screw loosening is often a complication reported in prosthetic implants. The torque develops a compressive clamping force between parts called preload, which holds the components together and the reducing of friction between the surfaces has been shown to increase its value. Dry lubricants, also called coatings have been used and the results are satisfactory, but the use of liquid lubricants is still little explored, which is the aim of this study. For this, 14 titanium screws and 14 screws with (Diamond-Like Carbon) DLC coating were randomly assigned to four groups (Titanium; DLC, Titanium with oil, and DLC with oil) and subjected to five cycles of tightening and loosening. The screws of groups Titanium with oil and DLC with oil were lubricated with castor oil. The preload was measured by a preload gauge cell, especially developed for the study. The results of preloads and average removal torques for torques of 20 and 32Ncm at 2 different times were analyzed: after the first grip and after five consecutive grips. At the end of the analysis, the thread pitches were measured to rule out plastic deformation. The Group DLC had higher pre-load values at all time points, but it was only significant after the sequence grips with 32 Ncm, and in the absence of oil. It was concluded, therefore, that the castor oil lubrication was not able to significantly increase the preload values or removal torque. / O afrouxamento do parafuso ? uma complica??o frequentemente reportada em pr?teses sobre implantes. O torque desenvolve uma for?a compressiva de aperto entre as partes chamada pr?-carga, que mant?m os componentes unidos, e a redu??o do atrito entre as superf?cies tem demonstrado aumentar o seu valor. Lubrificantes secos, tamb?m chamados de recobrimentos, t?m sido utilizados e os resultados s?o satisfat?rios, contudo o emprego de lubrificantes l?quidos ainda ? pouco explorado, sendo o objetivo deste estudo. Para isso, 14 parafusos de tit?nio e 14 parafusos com recobrimento de Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC) foram aleatoriamente alocados em quatro grupos (Tit?nio; DLC; Tit?nio com ?leo; e DLC com ?leo) e submetidos a cinco ciclos de aperto e desaperto. Os parafusos dos grupos Tit?nio com ?leo e DLC com ?leo foram lubrificados com ?leo de mamona. A pr?-carga foi mensurada por meio de uma c?lula aferidora de pr?-carga, desenvolvida especialmente para o estudo. Foram analisados os resultados das pr?-cargas e torques de remo??o m?dios para os torques de 20 e 32 Ncm em dois momentos distintos: ap?s o primeiro aperto e depois de cinco apertos consecutivos. Ao fim das an?lises, os passos de roscas foram mensurados para descartar deforma??es pl?sticas. O Grupo DLC apresentou maiores valores de pr?-carga em todos os momentos de avalia??o, contudo ele s? foi significativo ap?s a sequ?ncia de apertos com 32 Ncm, e na aus?ncia do ?leo. Concluiu-se, portanto, que a lubrifica??o com ?leo de mamona n?o foi capaz de aumentar significativamente os valores da pr?-carga ou do torque de remo??o.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:41:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MirnaFF.pdf: 726469 bytes, checksum: 081aa47437617ba8013fcd1faab3c2f1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-12-18 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / In this work biodiesel was gotten through the transesterification reaction using the oil of castor as source of triglycerides and using the methylic route for obtaining of esters. For the characterization of biodiesel and its mixtures with mineral diesel oil, physical chemical parameters and several analytical techniques had been used, as well as: gas chromatography (GC), nuclear magnetic resonance of proton (1H NMR), infrared spectroscopy (IR) and thermal analysis. The chromatography confirmed the complete reaction of esters in biodiesel presenting a 97,08% conversion. The 1H - NMR presented singlet in 3,6 ppm corresponding to the hydrogen of the group ester RCOO CH3. The infrared presented a strong band in 1741 cm-1 referring to stretching C=O of ester and an average band in 1175 cm-1 referring C O deformation. With the data of thermal analysis it was possible to observe the thermal and oxidative stability of the samples changing the atmospheres of synthetic air and nitrogen, where stages of the thermal decomposition had been verified and had been attributed to the volatilization and/or decomposition of the triacylglycerides. The thermal degradation of the samples was carried through 150 and 210?C during 1, 12, 24 and 48 hours and was observed change in the thermogravimetric profile, therefore an increase in the number of stages of the thermal decomposition also occurred indicating characteristic intermediate composites of polymerization, being this confirmed through the rheological study that presented brusque increase of viscosity. The kinetic study showed that the activation energy has the following order: biodiesel > mineral diesel oil > mixtures biodiesel/diesel / Neste trabalho o biodiesel foi obtido atrav?s da rea??o de transesterifica??o usando o ?leo de mamona como fonte de triglicer?deos e utilizando a rota met?lica para obten??o dos ?steres. Para a caracteriza??o do biodiesel e das suas misturas com o diesel mineral foram utilizados par?metros f?sico qu?micos e v?rias t?cnicas anal?ticas, como: cromatografia em fase gasosa (CG), resson?ncia magn?tica nuclear de pr?tons (RMN 1H), espectrofotometria na regi?o do infravermelho (IV) e an?lise t?rmica. A cromatografia confirmou a rea??o completa dos ?steres em biodiesel apresentando uma convers?o de 97,08%. O RMN 1H apresentou o singlete em 3,6 ppm correspondente aos hidrog?nios do grupo ?ster RCOO CH3. J? o infravermelho apresentou uma banda forte em 1741 cm-1 referente ao estiramento C=O do ?ster e uma banda m?dia a 1175 cm-1 referente a deforma??o C-O. Com os dados de an?lise t?rmica foi poss?vel observar a estabilidade t?rmica e oxidativa das amostras variando as atmosferas de ar sint?tico e nitrog?nio, onde foram verificadas etapas da decomposi??o t?rmica que foram atribu?das ? volatiliza??o e/ou decomposi??o dos triacilglicer?deos. A degrada??o t?rmica das amostras foi realizada a 150 e 210?C por 1, 12, 24 e 48 horas e foi observado mudan?a no perfil termogravim?trico, pois ocorreu um aumento no n?mero de etapas da decomposi??o t?rmica indicando compostos intermedi?rios caracter?sticos de polimeriza??o, sendo este fato tamb?m confirmado atrav?s do estudo reol?gico que apresentou aumento brusco de viscosidade. O estudo cin?tico realizado mostrou que a energia de ativa??o tem a seguinte ordem: biodiesel do ?leo de mamona > diesel > misturas biodiesel/diesel mineral

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:41:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SusanIGM_Capa_ate_Cap2.pdf: 775391 bytes, checksum: bff1b25a943d2e8086f1be8fb59414cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-02 / Enzymes have been widely used in biosynthesis/transformation of organic compounds in substitution the classic synthetic methods. This work is the first writing in literature of enzymatic synthesis for attainment the biossurfactants, the use glucose sucrose, ricinoleic acid e castor oil as substratum, and as biocatalyst, used immobilized lipase Thermomyces lanuginose, Rhizomucor miehei and the Candida antarctica lipase B; alkaline protease and neutral protease from Bacillus subtillis and yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiaeI. The analysis of HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) showed that highest conversions were reached of used the alkaline protease from Bacillus subtillis. Laboratory tests, to evaluate the applicability, indicated that the produced biosurfactantes had good stability in presence of salts (NaCl) and temperature (55 e 25?C), they are effective in the reduction of the superficial tension and contac angle, but they have little foaming capacity, when compared with traditional detergents. These results suggest that the prepared surfactants have potential application as wetting agent and perforation fluid stabilizer / Enzimas t?m sido largamente utilizadas em ma??es de compostos org?nicos em substitui??o aos m?todos sint?ticos cl?ssicos. Esta disserta??o de mestrado ? o primeiro relato escrito em literatura de s?ntese enzim?tica para obten??o de biosurfactantes utilizando como substratos glicose, ?cido ricinol?ico e ?leo de mamona, e como biocatalizador, foram empregadas lipases imobilizadas (Thermomyces lanuginosa, Rhizomucor miehei e Candida antarctica B), proteases (Bacillus subtillis alcalina e Bacillus subtillis neutra) e levedura (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). A an?lise por CLAE (cromatografia l?quida de alta efici?ncia) mostrou que maiores convers?es foram alcan?adas pelo uso da Bacillus subtillis alcalina. Testes de laborat?rio, para avaliar sua aplicabilidade, indicaram que os biosurfactantes produzidos apresentam boa estabilidade em presen?a de NaCl e temperaturas de 55 e 25?C, s?o efetivos na redu??o da tens?o superficial e ?ngulo de contato, mas possuem pouca capacidade espumante, quando comparados aos detergentes tradicionais. Estes resultados sugerem que os surfactantes obtidos t?m potencial aplica??o como agente de molhabilidade e estabilizador de fluidos de perfura??o / 2020-01-01

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JuceliaMER.pdf: 2171315 bytes, checksum: 6d1b358ee82a3e95a8b3fb30782bdf76 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-12-15 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Polyurethanes are very versatile macromolecular materials that can be used in the form of powders, adhesives and elastomers. As a consequence, they constitute important subject for research as well as outstanding materials used in several manufacturing processes. In addition to the search for new polyurethanes, the kinetics control during its preparation is a very important topic, mainly if the polyurethane is obtained via bulk polymerization. The work in thesis was directed towards this subject, particularly the synthesis of polyurethanes based castor oil and isophorone diisocianate. As a first step castor oil characterized using the following analytical methods: iodine index, saponification index, refraction index, humidity content and infrared absorption spectroscopy (FTIR). As a second step, test specimens of these polyurethanes were obtained via bulk polymerization and were submitted to swelling experiments with different solvents. From these experiments, the Hildebrand parameter was determined for this material. Finally, bulk polymerization was carried out in a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) equipment, using different heating rates, at two conditions: without catalyst and with dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) as catalyst. The DSC curves were adjusted to a kinetic model, using the isoconversional method, indicating the autocatalytic effect characteristic of this class of polymerization reaction / Poliuretanas s?o pol?meros de grande versatilidade, podendo ser usadas na forma de p?s, adesivos ou elast?meros. Por este motivo, as poliuretanas s?o amplamente pesquisadas e utilizadas nas ind?strias. Paralelamente ? busca por novas poliuretanas, ? importante o controle cin?tico durante sua obten??o, principalmente se estas s?o obtidas via polimeriza??o em massa. O trabalho desta tese aborda este problema, especificamente no caso da obten??o de poliuretanas derivadas do ?leo de mamona e diisocianato de isoforona. Para isto, primeiramente o ?leo de mamona foi caracterizado atrav?s dos seguintes m?todos anal?ticos: ?ndice de iodo, ?ndice de saponifica??o, ?ndice de refra??o, ?ndice de hidroxila, teor de umidade e espectroscopia de absor??o na regi?o do infravermelho (FTIR). Como segundo passo, os corpos de prova dessas poliuretanas foram obtidos atrav?s de polimeriza??o em massa e submetidos a ensaios de inchamento com diferentes solventes. A partir destes ensaios o par?metro de Hildebrand foi determinado para este material. Finalmente, a polimeriza??o em massa desse material foi executada em equipamento de calorimetria explorat?ria diferencial (DSC) a diferentes taxas de aquecimento sob duas condi??es: sem catalisador e com o catalisador, dibutil-dilaurato de estanho (DBTDL). As curvas de DSC foram ajustadas a modelos cin?ticos, usando o m?todo isoconversional, caracterizando o car?ter autocatal?tico da forma??o de poliuretanas

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:41:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 OldemarRC.pdf: 2134736 bytes, checksum: bf80e72f9b5d1ebc0b3148367e30383f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-10-30 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The aim of this work was the preparation of polyols from reactions between castor oil and dietanolamine to increase the hydroxyl content and the network degree in the products to application in electronic devices. The polyols and the mixtures obtained were characterized by nuclear magnetic ressonance. Castor oil (CO) is a natural triglyceride - based polyol possessing hydroxyl groups, which allow several reactions that produce many different products. Among them are the polyurethanes (PU), which have been considered an ideal product for the covering of electricelectronic circuits, due to their excellent electrical, shock-absorbing, solvents resistance and hydrolytic stability properties. About 90% of the fatty acids present in the castor oil are ricinoleic acid (12-hydroxyoleic acid), while the remaining 10% correspond to non-hydroxylated fatty acids, mainly linoleic and oleic acids. The chemical analysis of castor oil indicates a hydroxyl number of 2.7. In this work, a polyol was obtained by the reaction of the CO with diethanolamine (DEA), in order to elevate the hydroxyl value from 160 to 230 or to 280 mgKOH/g, and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) 1H and 13C (Mercury 200). The polyadition of the resulting polyol with isophorone diisocianate (IPDI) was carried out at 60?C, and the reaction kinetics was followed by rheological measurements in a Haake RS150 rheometer. The electrical properties were determined in a HP LCR Meter 4262A, at 1.0 Hz and 10.0 KHz. The chemical analysis showed that the polyols obtained presented hydroxyl number from 230 to 280 mgKOH/g. The polyadition reaction with IPDI produced polyurethane resins with the following properties: hardness in the range from 45 shore A to 65 shore D (ASTM D2240); a dielectric constant of 3.0, at 25?C (ASTM D150). Those results indicate that the obtained resins present compatible properties to the similar products of fossil origin, which are used nowadays for covering electric-electronic circuits. Therefore, the PUs from castor oil can be considered as alternative materials of renewable source, free from the highly harmful petroleum - derived solvents / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo a obten??o de poli?is a partir das rea??es do ?leo de mamona (OM) com dietanolamina (DEA), visando elevar o ?ndice de hidroxila e consequentemente o grau de reticula??o dos produtos finais, cuja aplica??o se destinou ao encapsulamento de circuitos eletroeletr?nicos. A caracteriza??o desses poli?is e respectivas misturas foram feitas utilizando-se a t?cnica da resson?ncia magn?tica nuclear (NMR). O OM (triglicer?deo do ?cido ricinoleico) ? um poliol vegetal natural por apresentar grupo funcional hidroxila que permite v?rias rea??es e produ??o de diferentes produtos. Entre eles est?o as poliuretanas (PU) que t?m sido consideradas como produtos ideais para encapsulamento de componentes de circuitos eletro-eletr?nicos, devido as suas excelentes propriedades com rela??o ? resist?ncia mec?nica e qu?mica. As poliuretanas derivadas do ?leo de mamona podem ser consideradas materiais alternativos de fonte renov?vel e, para as produzidas neste trabalho, n?o foram empregados nenhum tipo de solvente. Cerca de 90% dos ?cidos graxos que comp?em o ?leo de mamona s?o ?cido ricinoleico (?cido 12-hidroxioleico), enquanto os outros 10% s?o ?cidos graxos n?o hidroxilados (?cidos linoleico e oleico). As an?lises qu?micas do ?leo de mamona indicam uma funcionalidade m?dia de 2,7, em rela??o aos grupos hidroxila. A poliadi??o entre o poliol resultante e o isocianato de isoforona (IPDI) teve sua cin?tica aco mpanhada com o aux?lio do re?metro Haake RS 150 ? temperatura de 60 ?C. As propriedades el?tricas foram determinadas em uma ponte HP LCR Meter 4262 A a 1,0 Hz e 10,0 KHz. As an?lises qu?micas mostraram que os poli?is obtidos apresentaram ?ndice de hidroxila entre 230 e 280 mgKOH/g. A rea??o de poliadi??o com IPDI produziu resinas de poliuretana com as seguintes propriedades: dureza entre 45 e 65 shore D (ASTM D2240); constante diel?trica de 3,0 a 25 ?C (ASTM D150). Os resultados, de um modo geral, indicaram que as resinas, cujo extensor de cadeia foi a DEA, apresentaram propriedades compat?veis e em muitos casos superiores, quando comparadas ?s dos produtos atualmente dispon?veis no mercado, sintetizados ? base de trietanolamina (TEA)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:09:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LuisFL_TESE.pdf: 1981587 bytes, checksum: 1da0819bc859b1e23958de0190156279 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-20 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / In this work, biodiesel was produced from castor oil that was a byproduct glycerin. The molar ratio between oil and alcohol, as well as the use of (KOH) catalyst to provide the chemical reaction is based on literature. The best results were obtained using 1 mol of castor oil (260g) to 3 moles of methyl alcohol (138g), using 1.0% KOH as catalyst at a temperature of 260 ? C and shaken at 120 rpm. The oil used was commercially available, the process involves the reaction of transesterification of a vegetable oil with methyl alcohol. The product of this reaction is an ester, biodiesel being the main product and the glycerin by-product which has undergone treatment for use as raw material for the production of allyl alcohol. The great advantage of the use of glycerin to obtain allyl alcohol is that its use eliminates the large amount of waste of the biodiesel and various forms of insult to the environment. The reactions for the formation of allyl alcohol was conducted from formic acid and glycerin in a ratio 1/1, at a temperature of 260oC in a heater blanket, being sprayed by a spiral condenser for a period of 2 hours and the product obtained contains mostly the allylic alcohol .. The monitoring of reactions was performed by UV-Visible Spectrophotometer: FTIR Fourier transform, the analysis showed that these changes occur spectrometer indicating the formation of the product allylic alcohol (prop-2-en-1-ol) in the presence of water, This alcohol was appointed Alcohol GL. The absorption bands confirms that the reaction was observed in (? C = C) 1470 -1600 cm -1 and (? CO), 3610-3670 attributed to C = C groups and OH respectively. The thermal analysis was carried out in a thermogravimetric analyzer SDT Q600, where the mass and temperature are displayed against time, that allows checking the approximate rate of heating. The innovative methodology developed in the laboratory (LABTAM, UFRN), was able to treat the glycerine produced by transesterification of castor oil and used as raw material for production of allyl alcohol, with a yield of 80%, of alcohol, the same is of great importance in the manufacture of polymers, pharmaceuticals, organic compounds, herbicides, pesticides and other chemicals / Neste trabalho o biodiesel foi produzido a partir de ?leo de mamona que teve como subproduto a glicerina. A raz?o molar entre ?leo e ?lcool, bem como o uso do (KOH) como catalisador qu?mico para proporcionar a rea??o, foi baseada em dados da literatura. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos, utilizando 1 mol de ?leo de mamona (260g) para 3 mols de ?lcool met?lico (138g). O ?leo utilizado foi adquirido comercialmente, o processo de transesterifica??o envolve a rea??o do ?leo vegetal com um ?lcool met?lico. O produto dessa rea??o ? um ?ster, sendo o biodiesel o seu principal produto e a glicerina o sub-produto a qual foi submetida a tratamento para uso como mat?ria-prima para a obten??o do ?lcool al?lico. A grande vantagem do uso da glicerina para obten??o de ?lcool al?lico ? que sua utiliza??o elimina a grande quantidade de res?duos do biodiesel e v?rias formas de agress?o ao meio ambiente. As rea??es para forma??o do ?lcool alilico foram conduzidas a partir de ?cido f?rmico e glicerina, em uma raz?o 1/1, sob temperatura de 260oC, em uma manta aquecedora, sendo vaporizado por um condensador em espiral por um per?odo de 2 horas, e o produto obtido contem em sua grande maioria o ?lcool al?lico. O acompanhamento das rea??es foi realizado por Espectrofot?metro UV-Vis?vel: FTIR com transformada de Fourier, a an?lise revelou que estas altera??es espectrom?tricas ocorrem indicando a forma??o do produto ?lcool al?lico (prop-2-en-1-ol), em presen?a de ?gua, este ?lcool foi nomeado de ?lcool GL. As bandas de absor??o que confirmam a rea??o foram observadas em (? C=C) em 1470 -1600 cm-1 e em (? C-O), 3610 3670 atribu?das aos grupos C=C e O-H respectivamente. A analise t?rmica foi realizada em um analisador Termogravim?trico SDT Q600, onde a massa e a temperatura ser?o exibidos em fun??o do tempo, isto permite a verifica??o aproximada da taxa de aquecimento. A metodologia inovadora desenvolvida no laborat?rio (LABTAM, UFRN), foi capaz de tratar a glicerina produzida, atrav?s da transesterifica??o de ?leo de mamona e utilizar como mat?ria prima para produ??o do ?lcool al?lico, apresentando um rendimento de 80%, deste ?lcool, o mesmo ? de grande import?ncia na fabrica??o de pol?meros, medicamentos, compostos org?nicos, herbicidas, pesticidas e outros produtos qu?micos

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:57:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DorivaldaSMN_TESE.pdf: 6484052 bytes, checksum: e7f59e3b4e8445fc73cfec52837209f2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-24 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The search for sustainable technologies that can contribute to reduce energy consumption is a great challenge in the field of insulation materials. In this context, composites manufactured from vegetal sources are an alternative technology. The principal objectives of this work are the development and characterization of a composite composed by the rigid polyurethane foam derived from castor oil (commercially available as RESPAN D40) and sisal fibers. The manufacture of the composite was done with expansion controlled inside a closed mold. The sisal fibers where used in the form of needlepunched nonwoven with a mean density of 1150 g/m2 and 1350 g/m2. The composite characterization was performed through the following tests: thermal conductivity, thermal behavior, thermo gravimetric analysis (TG/DTG), mechanical strength in compression and flexural, apparent density, water absorption in percentile, and the samples morphology was analyzed in a MEV. The density and humidity percentage of the sisal fiber were also determined. The thermal conductivity of the composites was higher than the pure polyurethane foam, the addition of nonwoven sisal fibers will become in a higher level of compact foam, reducing empty spaces (cells) of polyurethane, inducing an increase in k value. The apparent density of the composites was higher than pure polyurethane foam. In the results of water absorption tests, was seen a higher absorption percent of the composites, what is related to the presence of sisal fibers which are hygroscopic. From TG/DTG results, with the addition of sisal fibers reduced the strength to thermal degradation of the composites, a higher loss of mass was observed in the temperature band between 200 and 340 ?C, related to urethane bonds decomposition and cellulose degradation and its derivatives. About mechanical behavior in compression and flexural, composites presented a better mechanical behavior than the rigid polyurethane foam. An increase in the amount of sisal fibers induces a higher rigidity of the composites. At the thermal behavior tests, the composites were more mechanically and thermally resistant than some materials commonly used for thermal insulation, they present the same or better results. The density of nonwoven sisal fiber had influence over the insulation grade; this means that, an increaser in sisal fiber density helped to retain the heat / A busca por alternativas tecnol?gicas sustent?veis e, sobretudo que venham a contribuir para economizar energia, apresenta-se como um crescente desafio no campo dos materiais para isola??o t?rmica. Nesse contexto, os comp?sitos fabricados com mat?ria-prima de fontes renov?veis surgem como uma alternativa tecnol?gica. Os principais objetivos deste trabalho foram o desenvolvimento e a caracteriza??o do comp?sito formado pela espuma r?gida de poliuretana derivada de ?leo de mamona (dispon?vel comercialmente e denominada RESPAN D40?) - e fibras de sisal. O processamento do comp?sito foi feito com expans?o controlada em um molde fechado. As fibras de sisal foram utilizadas na forma de mantas agulhadas com gramatura m?dia de 1150 g/m2 e de 1350 g/m2. A caracteriza??o do comp?sito foi realizada atrav?s dos seguintes ensaios: condutividade t?rmica, desempenho t?rmico, an?lise termogravim?trica (TG/DTG), resist?ncia mec?nica em compress?o e em flex?o, densidade aparente, porcentagem de absor??o de ?gua e avalia??o morfol?gica por Microscopia Eletr?nica de Varredura (MEV). A gramatura e a porcentagem de umidade das fibras de sisal tamb?m foram determinadas. Os resultados dos ensaios foram comparados aos da espuma de poliuretana pura. A condutividade t?rmica dos comp?sitos foi maior que a da espuma pura, ou seja, a adi??o das mantas de sisal induziu um maior grau de compacta??o da espuma, reduzindo os espa?os vazios (c?lulas) da poliuretana, induzindo eleva??o do k. A densidade aparente dos comp?sitos foi maior que a densidade da espuma de poliuretana pura. Nos resultados do ensaio de absor??o de ?gua observou-se uma maior porcentagem de absor??o dos comp?sitos, o que est? relacionado ? presen?a das fibras de sisal que s?o higrosc?picas. A adi??o das fibras de sisal tamb?m diminuiu a resist?ncia ? degrada??o t?rmica dos comp?sitos. Houve uma maior perda de massa do comp?sito na faixa de temperatura entre 200 e 340?C, relacionada ? decomposi??o das liga??es uret?nicas e a degrada??o da celulose e de seus derivados. Na avalia??o mec?nica em compress?o e flex?o, os comp?sitos apresentaram melhor desempenho mec?nico que a espuma r?gida de poliuretana. O aumento do conte?do de fibras induziu um aumento na rigidez dos comp?sitos. Nos ensaios de desempenho t?rmico, os comp?sitos foram mais resistentes termicamente, ou seja, pode-se concluir que os mesmos podem ser usados como material de isolamento t?rmico em sistemas na faixa de temperatura entre 60 e 110?C, pois apresenta desempenho t?rmico e mec?nico semelhante, ou melhor, que alguns materiais comumente utilizados para fins de isola??o t?rmica. A gramatura da manta de sisal influenciou o grau de isolamento t?rmico, isto ?, o aumento da densidade de fibras ajudou na reten??o do calor