Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:03:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarcosAL_DISSERT.pdf: 1581194 bytes, checksum: d102059d68bb4e5b964f0012273a0656 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-04-28 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This research study deals with the production and distribution of drinking water with quality and safety in order to meet the needs of the Man. Points out the limitations of the methodology for assessing water quality in use today. Approaches the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO) for adoption, by the companies responsible for producing and distributing water, of assessment methodologies and risk management (HACCP), in order to ensure the quality and safety of water drinking. Suggests strategies for implementing the plan for water safety plan. Uses the process of water production, composed by Maxaranguape river basin, the water treatment plant and distribution system, which is part of the Plan for Expansion of the Supply System of Natal, as case study. The results, it was possible to devise strategies for implementation of the Water Safety Plan (WSP), which comprises the following steps: a) a preliminary stage. b) assessment system. c) process monitoring. d) management plan and e) validation and verification of the PSA. At each stage are included actions for its implementation. The implementation of the PSA shows a new type of water production, in which the fountain as a whole (watershed and point of capture), the Water Treatment Plant (WTP) and distribution, shall compose the production process, over which to build quality and safety of the final product (drinking water) / A pesquisa trata da an?lise da produ??o e distribui??o de ?gua pot?vel com qualidade e seguran?a de modo a atender as necessidades do Homem. Aborda as recomenda??es da Organiza??o Mundial de Sa?de (OMS) para a ado??o, por parte das empresas respons?veis pela produ??o e distribui??o de ?gua, de metodologias de avalia??o e gest?o de riscos (APPCC), com o objetivo de garantir a qualidade e a inocuidade da ?gua pot?vel. Sugere estrat?gias para implanta??o do plano de seguran?a da ?gua. Utiliza o processo de produ??o de ?gua, composto pela bacia hidrogr?fica do rio Maxaranguape, a esta??o de tratamento de ?gua e o sistema de distribui??o, que faz parte do Plano de Expans?o do Sistema de Abastecimento do munic?pio do Natal - RN, como estudo de caso. Nos resultados obtidos, foi poss?vel tra?ar estrat?gias para implanta??o do Plano de Seguran?a da ?gua (PSA), que compreende as seguintes etapas: a) etapa preliminar. b) avalia??o do sistema. c) monitoramento do processo, d) plano de gest?o e e) Valida??o e verifica??o do PSA. Em cada etapa est?o inseridas a??es para sua implanta??o. A implanta??o do PSA mostra um novo modelo de produ??o de ?gua, no qual, o manancial como um todo (bacia hidrogr?fica e o ponto de capta??o), a Esta??o de Tratamento de ?gua (ETA) e a distribui??o, passa a compor o processo de produ??o, ao longo do qual se constr?i a qualidade e seguran?a do produto final (?gua pot?vel)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:57:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PettersonMD_DISSERT_CAPA_A_CAP 5.pdf: 5028919 bytes, checksum: f9b57610ba8a72ded1c66182f206125f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-30 / The urban growth without the prior infrastructure has caused many environmental impacts such as the damage to quality of the water resources in the cities. Along with natural scarcity in some regions, this is one of the factors that limit the availability of drinking water. As a result, the conservation of drinking water is becoming one of the major concerns in sustainable architectural projects. Within this context, this dissertation proposes to develop the design of an educational building focusing on water consumption rationalization. The proposed project is located in UFRN Campus at Currais Novos, an area of warm and dry climate and low rainfall. The proposal seeks to integrate ways to reduce water consumption o to architecture, in order to exploit the advantages and savings. After quantifying the benefits achieved, it was concluded that it is possible to reduce significantly the drinking water consumption in educational buildings in universities using three principles: reduction the water consumption at the point of use, replacement of the water source and internal recycling. Calculations and simulations indicated that the proposed building may have water consumption up to 56% lower than if it would be provided by conventional facilities. Rationalization of water consumption brings direct and indirect benefits, with influences on the environmental, social and economic fields / O crescimento urbano sem a infraestrutura pr?via tem provocado diversos impactos ambientais, como o comprometimento da qualidade das reservas h?dricas nas cidades. Juntamente com a escassez natural em certas regi?es, este ? um dos fatores que limitam a disponibilidade de ?gua para consumo. Em fun??o disso, a conserva??o da ?gua pot?vel vem se tornando uma das principais preocupa??es nos projetos arquitet?nicos sustent?veis. Dentro deste contexto, este trabalho se prop?e a desenvolver um projeto de arquitetura para um edif?cio de ensino superior com foco na racionaliza??o do consumo de ?gua. O projeto proposto situa-se no campus da UFRN no munic?pio de Currais Novos, ?rea de clima quente e seco e de baixa pluviometria. A proposta busca integrar medidas de redu??o do consumo de ?gua ? arquitetura, com a finalidade de explorar quais as vantagens trazidas e a economia alcan?ada. Ap?s a quantifica??o de benef?cios das medidas adotadas, constatouse que ? poss?vel reduzir significantemente o consumo de ?gua pot?vel nos edif?cios educacionais em universidades utilizando-se tr?s princ?pios: redu??o do consumo de ?gua no ponto de utiliza??o, substitui??o da fonte de ?gua e reciclagem interna. Os c?lculos e simula??es realizadas indicaram que a edifica??o proposta pode ter um consumo at? 56% menor do que se fosse provida por instala??es hidrossanit?rias convencionais. A racionaliza??o do consumo de ?gua traz benef?cios diretos e indiretos, com desdobramentos no campo ambiental, social e econ?mico

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:02:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PatriciaLSCL.pdf: 1934431 bytes, checksum: cb552f8c167ecea1cf7b85c22d8a6a10 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-24 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / It is important to evaluate the quality of water for proper management of these resources, since the increase of environmental degradation and the multiple use of water resources are decreasing the quality of water consumed by living beings. The objective of this study was to characterize the phytoplankton community and its variations during periods of dray and rain in Jiqui Lake located in Parnamirim, RN. It was also aimed to analyze the physical and chemical factors of this environment, in order to contribute to the knowledge of water quality used for human consumption. The collection of water samples were carried out in September 2008 to August 2009. The collection of the phytoplankton community was carried out in four sampling sites (surface, bottom, margin of the lake without macrophytes and site dominated by macrophytes). Phytoplankton was collected using plankton net of 20?m. The analysis of nutrients and identification of phytoplankton were performed in the laboratory. The results indicate that concentration of chlorophyll a was high in the bottom with mean value of 1.07 ?gL-1 (SD ? 1.61). During the study period there was a dominance of the following species: Euglena gracilis, Trachelomonas sp, Cyclotellas sp, Gomphonema apuncto, Navicula cuspidata var. cuspidata, Navicula sp, Rhopalodia gibba. There was homogeneity between limnological values in the four study sites, with significant difference between the periods of drought and rain. The Jiqui Lake is considered oligotrophic due to its low concentrations of chlorophyll a, high transparency and low levels of nutrients. The values of BOD and chlorophyll a concentration remained below the permitted standards existing for freshwaters in Brazil, thus the water from Lake Jiqui is of good quality, suitable for human consumption. / O aumento da degrada??o ambiental e o uso m?ltiplo dos recursos h?dricos v?m diminuindo a qualidade da ?gua consumida pelos seres vivos, por isso ? importante a sua avalia??o para o adequado gerenciamento desses recursos. Este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar a comunidade fitoplanct?nica juntamente com a sua varia??o durante os per?odos de estiagem e de chuva da Lagoa do Jiqui, localizada em Parnamirim, RN, al?m de analisar os fatores f?sico-qu?micos desses ambientes aqu?ticos, a fim de contribuir para o conhecimento da qualidade de ?gua desse manancial utilizada para o abastecimento humano. As coletas das amostras de ?gua foram realizadas de setembro de 2008 a agosto de 2009. A coleta da comunidade fitoplanct?nica foi realizada em quatro s?tios de amostragem (superf?cie, fundo, banco da macr?fitas e na margem da lagoa sem macr?fitas). O fitopl?ncton foi coletado utilizando-se uma rede de pl?ncton de 20?m. Em laborat?rio, foram realizadas as an?lises dos nutrientes e a identifica??o da comunidade fitoplanct?nica. Os resultados indicam que a concentra??o da clorofila a foi elevada no fundo com valor m?dia de 1,07 ?gL-1 (DP? 1,61). Durante o per?odo de estudo ocorreu uma domin?ncia das esp?cies Euglena gracilis, Trachelomonas sp, Cyclotellas sp, Gomphonema apuncto, Navicula cuspidata var. cuspidata, Navicula sp, Rhopalodia gibba. Houve homogeneidade entre os valores limnol?gicos nos quatro s?tios estudados, com diferen?a significativa entre os per?odos de estiagem e de chuva. A Lagoa do Jiqui ? oligotr?fica, uma vez que apresenta baixas concentra??es de clorofila a, alta transpar?ncia e baixos valores de nutrientes. Os valores da DBO e concentra??o da clorofila a se mantiveram abaixo do permitido pelos padr?es existentes para ?guas doces no Brasil, assim conferindo as ?guas da Lagoa do Jiqui de boa qualidade, adequada para o consumo humano.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:07:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GuillermoVEC_TESE.pdf: 6213025 bytes, checksum: d3b714c7e267456f45d8fb37e52fccfd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-19 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Brazil has vast amounts of hydric resources, whose quality has been deteriorating due to pollutant dumping. Household waste disposal is one of the main sources of water pollution, stimulating bacteria proliferation and introducing microorganisms, including those from fecal matter. Conventional water disinfection methods are a solution, but on the downside, they lead to the formation byproducts hazardous to human health. In this study, aiming to develop bactericidal filters for the disinfection of drinking water; silver nanoparticles were deposited on alumina foams through three routes: sputtering DC, dip coating and in situ chemical reduction of silver nitrate. The depositions were characterized through X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and EDS element mapping. The influence of the depositions on permeability and mechanical properties of the ceramic foams was assessed and, in sequence, a preliminary antibacterial efficiency analysis was carried out. Characterization results indicate that the chemical reduction routes were efficient in depositing homogeneously distributed silver particles and that the concentration of the metallic precursor salt affects size and morphology of the particles. The antibacterial efficiency analysis indicates that the chemical reduction filters have potential for water disinfection / O Brasil apresenta vastos recursos h?dricos cuja qualidade tem deteriorado como consequ?ncia do despejo de poluentes. A descarga de res?duos domiciliares ? uma das principais fontes de polui??o dos mananciais, estimulando a prolifera??o de bact?rias e inserindo outros microrganismos, incluindo aqueles oriundos de mat?ria fecal. O tratamento ou purifica??o da ?gua residencial se apresenta como solu??o, entretanto os m?todos tradicionais de desinfec??o da ?gua t?m sido contestados por conduzirem ? forma??o de subst?ncias prejudiciais ? sa?de humana. No presente estudo, com o intuito de desenvolver filtros com a??o bactericida para desinfec??o de ?gua para consumo humano, nanopart?culas de prata foram depositadas em s?lidos celulares cer?micos de alumina atrav?s de tr?s rotas distintas: sputtering DC, dip coating e redu??o qu?mica in loco de nitrato de prata. As deposi??es foram caracterizadas por difra??o de raios-X (DRX), microscopia eletr?nica de varredura (MEV) e mapeamento por espectrometria por dispers?o de energia de raios-X (EDS). A influ?ncia da deposi??o sobre as propriedades mec?nicas e de permeabilidade do s?lido celular cer?mico foi avaliada, sendo posteriormente executada uma an?lise preliminar de efici?ncia antibacteriana. Os resultados da caracteriza??o indicam que as rotas via redu??o qu?mica in loco de nitrato de prata foram eficientes na deposi??o de part?culas homogeneamente distribu?das e que a concentra??o do precursor met?lico afeta o tamanho e a morfologia das part?culas. A an?lise de efici?ncia antibacteriana indica que os filtros confeccionados por redu??o qu?mica apresentam potencial para a desinfec??o de ?gua para consumo humano