Anecdotal information indicates that conflict exists between Adventure Tourism Operators (ATOs) and snowmobilers in the backcountry of British Columbia. Focusing on the Sea-to-Sky Corridor, a survey was conducted among winter ATOs to determine the extent of the conflict, the role of land management policies as well as the proposed Off-Road Vehicle (ORV) Management Framework in managing such interactions. Initial conclusions suggest that: 1) conflict does exist; 2) existing structure for managing interactions is inadequate; 3) ATOs consider it the responsibility of the BC Government to manage interactions, and; 4) ATOs have a low level of confidence in the BC Government to effectively manage interactions. This study presents five recommendations for government regulators to consider if or when the ORV Management Framework moves forward.

Youth in modem society can be seen as a synonym for the term problems. No longer children, yet not adults, youth are exposed to most of the stressors of adulthood. Alcohol, drugs and other illegal substances are freely available and provide youth with the easy way of handling the problems that they face in becoming adults. The objective of this study was to determine whether an adventure experiential learning programme had an effect on the self-perception as an emotional component of youth, as well as the sustainability of the proposed change. The participants (N=28) were tested before the five-month adventure experiential learning programme, directly afterwards and a month after the programme. Participants were from all over South Africa and the training took place at Beyond Adventure School located in the Alexandria vicinity in the Eastern Cape Province. There were boys (n=18) and girls (n=10) within the group that included white (n=26) and other (n=2) race groups. The effect on self-perception was determined by means of two tests, the Self-perception Scale (SPS) and the Comprehensive Functioning Inventory: Post-matric (CFI-post). The tests include the following dimensions: inner insecurity, guilt feelings, lack of self-worth, anxiety, responsibility for consequences for others and lack of assertiveness. The data received from the two tests was processed in conjunction with PASWIN 2000. The SAS System for Windows Release (SAS Institute lnc.. 1999) was used to determine the effect sizes and calculate the sustainability of the effect. The study shows that the adventure experiential learning programme had a medium effect (d = 0.59) on the self-perception of participants. All the different dimensions improved after the second testing. Inner insecurity (d = 0.47), lack of self-worth (d = 0.67) and anxiety (d = 0.53) were the biggest contributors towards the medium effect. Adventure experiential learning programmes were results oriented and had a significant effect on the participants. In other words, the effect was medium-sustainable (d = 0.46). The effect could have been greater if more time had been available and if more participants had been involved. Responsibility for consequences (d = 0.90) for others showed the largest sustainability in the long run. The presence of change could be related to several factors. One, the participants were pre-assessed, which helped to plan the programme according to the identified needs of the participants. Two, the programme had a duration of more than 20 days, which created a greater and more sustainable effect on the participants. Three, there was more time for reflection on activities during this programme to make the participants aware of what they had actually accomplished. There were also some shortfalls. In future, more participants should be involved in the programme to create more sustainability. Secondly in experiential learning programmes provision must be made for diversity. Boys and girls experience certain aspects differently and the programme should be planned accordingly. In the third instance, individual attention should be paid to the dimensions instead of the bigger aspects (i.e. total self-perception) to ensure a more results-oriented adventure experiential learning programme. / Thesis (M.A. (Recreation Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.

No description available.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Toronto, 2004. / Adviser: Lana Stermac.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of New South Wales, 2000. / Also available online.

Habilitationsschrift--Freie Universität, Berlin. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 235-255) and index.

Tesis - Universidad de la República, Montevideo. / Bibliography: p. 145-149.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin -- La Crosse, 1999. / Digitized and made available by the University of Wisconsin--La Crosse, Murphy Library. Includes bibliographical references. Online version of print edition.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2005. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 136 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 115-112).

This thesis examines young people's opportunities to participate in organised outdoor activities. It is set within a context of changing leisure interests, a growth in private sector leisure provision, and increasing emphasis on consumer choice. It argues that whilst, in principle, there is widespread support for young people's participation in outdoor activities, in practice, opportunities are becoming increasingly limited. The study aims to examine the nature of outdoor facilities, to determine their use by young people, to identify changes occurring within the outdoor sector, and to consider the changes in relation to young people's access to the outdoors. The empirical research focuses~ on outdoor activity centres, in acknowledgement that the residential experience offered by such centres can contribute to the social and personal development of young people. It also focuses on the National Parks of England and Wales. These areas possess a wealth of natural resources suitable for a wide range of outdoor activities and, collectively, contain the highest number of outdoor centres in the UK. A combination of quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection, including a questionnaire survey of outdoor centres, interviews with centre operators, and a review of National Park policies, has been used to build up a picture of centre operations, visitor profiles, and the nature of outdoor programmes. The study findings suggest that a number of factors influence young people's opportunities to participate in outdoor activities. These include centre ownership, safety and educational reforms, planning and environmental policies, and young people's leisure behaviour. Recent years have seen a significant growth in privately owned centres and an associated rise in skills-based activities and non-sporting special interest holidays. These programmes have been largely directed at the adult market. There are few indications that this pattern is about to change. Regulation of the outdoor industry, including safety licensing, has put increasing pressures on under-resourced centres and has led to readjustments in centre operations and in the profile of visitor groups. Young people's opportunities to take part in adventurous activities, as a result of safety licensing, have diminished. Educational reforms have further dictated the direction of outdoor courses. Since the late 1980s, there has been a marked increase in primary school visits to outdoor centres and in field studies, whilst secondary schools visits and involvement in physical pursuits have continued to decline. Centre diversification has led to an overall reduction in the number of places available for young people. Planning and environmental policies have shaped the pattern of centre development. The emphasis on environmental protection in the National Parks has led to constraints on outdoor provision although policies, across Parks, vary. Changes in young people's lifestyles have also begun to impact upon the content of outdoor courses, such as the demand for more varied programmes and less traditional activities. Sporting and recreational organisations can, by addressing factors of motivation, play. a significant role in increasing levels of participation. Given the dynamics of the outdoor industry, the relative importance of these factors is difficult to determine, although the provisions of the Education Reform Act 1988 have induced some of the most radical and widespread changes within the outdoor sector in recent years. In trying to encourage and assist young people to take up outdoor opportunities, the outdoor community faces a number of difficulties. These include a lack of cohesion and poor image, increasing commercialisation, and the effects of changing leisure interests. The thesis recommends greater collaboration within the community, possibly through a new organisation, to represent a wider range of interests and to act as a more effective lobbying mechanism. It also recommends a strengthening of the links between the outdoor sector and the key players involved in facilitating outdoor opportunities. Finally, it advises organisations to take heed of newly emerging Government statements on out-of-school learning. These may offer viable alternatives to help safeguard young people's opportunities to participate in outdoor activities.