Problem The year 1886 is regarded the birth year of the modern automobile. Since then, there have been many innovations that have seen the surface and some that have had an influential effect in changing the paradigm itself. One of the major disruptions the world is talking about currently is in the transport industry, with ‘autonomous vehicles’ (often referred to as self- driving or driverless cars). The automobile industry has embarked upon a period of significant innovation and change. It is extremely important to understand what exactly this change means for the auto industry, the customers and the society and be prepared for this next big wave of a change. Purpose The main purpose of this paper is to increase the understanding of how the fundamental changes of driver replacement system has an effect on the auto industry (the auto business and customers) Research Question “How technological advances have led to business model changes in the auto industry” “How Advanced driver assistance system technology has an effect on the business model change in the auto industry” Research design/ methodology A multi qualitative method with inductive approach is used. To analyse the auto industry data is collected and supported by narrative inquiry strategy with in-depth interviews, and secondary document sources. Since the data is analysed over a period of time, a longitudinal time horizon is chosen. The philosophy governing this thesis is that of pragmatism with an awareness that interpretation is involved. Conclusion Since the 1970’s most of the innovations since then have been incremental. The beginning of technological diffusion from Information and Communications Technology industry from the 1990’s has resulted in some radical/ revolutionary technological innovations. There have been only two innovations, Internal Combustion Engines and Mass production that has had a significant change in the way business is seen and done. The other technological innovations have contributed to the change in either one side of the business model canvas or none. The current trend of Advanced Driver Assistance System technology is focused on replacing the driver and electric engines replacing Internal combustion engines , a pattern is that is seen from the history where horses were replaced by engines. The use of self-driving cars and electric engines would create a new paradigm in the auto industry. Research limitations implications The cause-effect relation between business model and technological change is not analysed. The research is analysed with the principle that a technological change would lead to a business model change. Non-technological innovations that has resulted in a business model change is not discussed. Contribution of technological innovations to change in revenue model is not discussed in detail.

This thesis is aimed at digital content business models. Business model is a broad area comprised of variety of activities and strategies in order to fulfill the business target. In the past two decades user's requirements to digital media underwent many dramatic changes. Business model that would be broadly accepted as profit-making model still has not been discovered. Given that this thesis can serve as current business models and their influential factors overview. One part of the business models description is devoted to historical business models that gave the foundation to business models as we know them at present. Business models are categorized according to fundamental operating principles. These fundamental operating principles are utilized in so-called pillars of business models that symbolize the main characteristics of model and that are how the profit is generated. Described business modes always comprised of main pillar of business model -- main profit generator -- and another additional pillar(s) that helps to complete the unique business model characteristic. Next part of this thesis deals with initiators of new business model and technology they are depended to. Surprisingly the new business models initiators in history were not a commercials subject but the most innovative ideas came from highly profiled communities of IT enthusiasts. The final part of this work brings the basic information about the current status in profitable business model development as well as it offers manager's opinions regarded to the current and future business models development. This part includes description of most common problems in the process of changing company into digital company type.

This research has explored the business model and business model innovation in the context of the healthy food venture (HFV). The HFV is defined as an organised initiative that aims to improve people's health by encouraging healthy food consumption. This research has grown out of the need to find new ways of tackling the public health issues that stem from the way food is currently produced and consumed. Scholars increasingly suggest that business model innovation helps business practitioners to achieve specific value outcomes. Thought leaders increasingly call for new business models to solve the health problems stemming from the food system. However, the literature fails to offer theory and practical guidance about how to design and manage the business models of HFVs. The research seeks to answer two research questions: 1) what are the challenges faced by HFVs? and 2) how do HFVs innovate their business models? The purpose of this research is to help HFVs create multiple (both social and economic) value outcomes. One objective of the research is to contribute to the knowledge about healthy food intervention and more specifically, healthy food intervention through business models. Another objective of the research is to contribute to practice and offer practitioners tools that help them to operate successful HFVs. The research questions and objectives aligned with a qualitative approach. The researcher answered the research questions by studying a sample of HFVs using action research, autoethnography and traditional case study methodologies. The research has produced specific insights and tools that can help HFV practitioners and scholars. The insights highlight the multiplicity of value that is embedded within food. Its value richness creates both opportunities and challenges for HFVs. The research has developed a context-specific business model framework-the Business Model Blossom (BMB), and has also led to the development of a business model innovation language that complements the Business Model Blossom-the Negative Value Diagnostics (NVDs). Besides these specific insights and tools, the research has challenged the current business model literature as to the precision of the business model and business model innovation concepts. It has created future research opportunities for implementing and refining the Business Model Blossom and Negative Value Diagnostics with HFV practitioners, as well as practitioners from other industries.

Purpose – The purpose of this master thesis is to enhance knowledge about how business model innovationcan be managed in a structured way within large companies. Method – We used a single case study design with an abductive research approach were the main data collection consisted of semi-structured interviews and a focus group, with a total of 29 informants. The data was analysed using a thematic analysis. Findings – The findings show that the developed business model innovation process for large companies differ from previously presented theories. Integrating our empirical investigation with prior literature, the business model innovation process that we recommend consists off our overall phases: (1) clarification, (2) team mobilisation, (3) development and (4) implementation. Theoretical contribution – The findings extend prior literature by suggesting that: (1) The responsibility for business model innovation should be shared between top managers and operational managers; (2) The current business model innovation process should be extended by adding a completely new phase, namely Clarification; (3) Several of the tasks within the original business model innovation process should be split; (4) A new task should be added after composing a project team that defines the projects specific fixed and variable elements of a business model; and (5) The development phase should have a completely iterative design. Practical implications – This study provide top managers with a framework for how large companies can work with business model innovation in a structured way and guidelines for operational managers on how they can manage the actual execution of business model innovation. By using our business model innovation process, managers are provided with a structured working process to streamline their work with business model innovation, by considering business model innovation without using too much resources. Limitations of the study – This study focused on attention to detail and depth rather than providing statistical generalisable findings. Based on different predefined criteria the case study company selected projects and individuals to participate in the empirical investigation which limited the study as it may have affected the scope and result of the study. Furthermore, there may have been ambiguity about which project we asked about during the interviews as several informants were part of several projects, affecting the transferability of the study.

Il concetto di business model ha acquisito la sua popolarità durante l'ultimo decennio del secolo scorso e continua ancora oggi ad essere uno degli argomenti più rilevanti per la ricerca. Il presente lavoro è composto da tre articoli che si focalizzano su uno dei temi meno esplorati, ossia il business model nelle industrie creative. Il primo paper offre un'analisi del dibattito accademico e sulla base delle pubblicazioni suggerisce le tappe temporali della ricerca sul tema del business model, identificando le aree che hanno ricevuto ancora limitata attenzione. Il secondo articolo è composto da due studi: sulla base di 142 siti web, esso identifica dei cluster di business models online per le aziende operanti nell'industria della moda. Il terzo paper si focalizza invece sull'industria musicale ed esplora per la prima volta la relazione tra il concetto emergente di modello di business individuale e il business model dell'organizzazione. / Business model concept started to acquire its popularity during the last decade of the twentieth century and continues to be an intriguing field of study. This thesis is composed by three autonomous papers and focuses on the less explored theme of the business models in creative industries. The first paper provides the comprehensive analysis of vivid academic discussion present within the publications, suggesting time-related paths in business model research and identifying areas that - despite the growth of the business model literature - yet received little attention. The second paper is composed by two studies: on the base of 142 websites, it identifies specific clusters of online business models in the fashion industry. The third paper moves to the music industry and explores for the first time the relationship between the emerging concept of individual business model and the business model of the organization

The graduation theses applies itself to business model analysis of the company Aircraft Industries, a.s. which run a business in production and sales of small civil aircrafts L-410. The company is struggling with period full of uncertainty which caused the fall of sales, fabrication restriction as well as loss in trading incomes. Unfortunately, according to some analysis performed in the diploma work, the current problems have not been caused just by contemporary events, though by long-term inappropriate set of processes in the firm, too. After all, the work shows possible development in the near future, its impact on the company, as well as suggestions which should be received and accepted by management to avoid any further negative impacts on the company.

The theory of this thesis focuses on particulars of multi-sided platform businesses with special emphasis put on early stage start-ups. The goal is to capture crucial findings and fuse them together to point out specifics which apply only for start-ups that are developed in form of multi-sided platform business. This thesis should provide guidance to all entrepreneurs considering such new business formations. It aims at showing them the most important points leading to positive value creation in multi-sided platform businesses. Specifically, it explains the strategic points hidden behind pricing and network effects utilization. At the same time it depicts what are the unnecessary distractions which just destroy attention and consume time and effort. Consequently, these findings are tested on practical example, where real start-up is modelled using this theoretical framework. Such real application points out strong and weak points. Consequently, the optimal framework is derived based on prior findings. The main suggestions point out what should be examined further by the theory and where the research captured enough knowledge.

Les ventes de Véhicules Electriques ont été en constante augmentation ces dix dernières années, stimulées par l’adoption de politique publique favorisant la décarbonation du secteur automobile. Dans un contexte d’accroissement des énergies renouvelables dans le mix énergétique, entraînant des besoins plus important en flexibilité, la diffusion massive des véhicules électriques pourrait constituer une nouvelle source de contrainte pour les gestionnaire de réseaux d'électricité si la recharge n’est pas gérée de manière intelligente.La gestion de la recharge des flottes de Véhicules Electriques peut aussi constituer une opportunité pour apporter cette flexibilité, en particulier si les véhicules sont équipés de chargeurs bidirectionnels, capables de réinjecter de l’électricité dans le système pour équilibrer les réseaux.La recherche s’est principalement intéressée à la conception d’algorithmes permettant cette recharge « intelligente », qui prennent en compte les besoins en mobilité des utilisateurs, tout en fournissant différents services de flexibilité.Cette thèse s’attache à aller au-delà de l’aspect algorithmique, en balayant l’ensemble des aspects qui permettraient d’aboutir à un modèle d’affaire viable, et en se focalisant sur la fourniture d’un type de service : la réserve primaire (Frequency Containment Reserve), qui constitue le service identifié comme ayant la plus forte valeur pour des flottes de Véhicules équipés de chargeurs bidirectionnels. / Transport industry being one the first CO2 emitters, there is an urgent need to decarbonize this sector, which could be achieved by the conjunction of the electrification of the vehicles and decarbonization of the electricity generation mix. In conjunction with increasing flexibility needs to support the introduction of Renewable Energy Sources, the development of Electric Vehicles could add new constraints for System Operators if charging process is not managed in a smart way.However, considering mobility requirements, there is a flexibility in the charging pattern of the vehicles, which could be used to offer flexibility services to System Operators, using smart-charging algorithms. Moreover, this flexibility could increase with the possibility to have reverse flow from the battery to the grid.Research focused mainly, during last years, on the design of algorithms to provide services with electric vehicles, taking into account mobility needs of users. In this thesis, we try to go beyond this design of algorithms, going through the different steps to elaborate a viable business model. We focus on the provision of one service – Frequency Containment Reserve – identified as the most valuable for Electric Vehicles equipped with bidirectional chargers.

There has been an unexpected wave of growth in social entrepreneurship globally (Bornstein, 2004). This growth is followed by the number of research in the field. Academic research has been mainly focused on defining what it is, what it does and does not have in common with commercial entrepreneurial activity (Nicholls, 2006). Thus, there has not been many studies related to the business model of social enterprise. Osterwalder & Pigneur (2010) believes that every organization has a business model, regardless the word ‘business’ not used as descriptor. This description includes social enterprise. Social enterprise, not unlike business enterprise, creates and delivers value and it must generate enough revenue to cover its expenses. By acknowledging that social enterprise has a business model, it opens itself to business model innovation with advantages to optimize its operations, deliver more values through effective channels, capture more values through profits and growth and drive innovation. This research is conducted on Indonesia Mengajar, a social enterprise in Indonesia that has no experience in business model design or Business Model Canvas using qualitative methods and interpretive paradigm. Primary data is collected from interviews with Indonesia Mengajar. Secondary data comes from books, articles, journals and websites. The data are analysed with grounded theory method. By completing Business Model Canvas (Osterwalder & Pigneur) complemented with literature review and critical analysis of Indonesia Mengajar, the objective of this research to understand business model of social enterprise can be achieved. From this research it is found that adjustments are necessary for Business Model Canvas to capture the business model of social enterprise and based on the findings, it is concluded how social enterprise creates, delivers and captures value.

Date: 27/05/2021 Level: Bachelor thesis in Business Administration, 15 cr Institution: School of Business, Society and Engineering, Mälardalen University Authors: Hekmat Bsirini, Moe Gamil Hashem, and Hasitha Gayathri Jayasinghe                    (93/04/22)        ( 90\08\23 )                 ( 86/11/04 ) Title: A Disruptive Innovation Approach to Design a Business Model for a Startup DigitalHealthcare Platform. Tutor: Leanne Johnstone Keywords: disruptive innovation - healthcare - business model - digitalization - business modelinnovation. Research question: How should a disruptive innovation be successfully integrated into the business model of a digital healthcare platform startup, in terms of its value proposition? Purpose: Understanding the importance of innovative business models for new entrants to the healthcare sector, in terms of the marketing-related elements (namely, customer relationships, segments, and channels) which affect the whole process as the means to implement strategic aims. Method: This study used an action research approach. Data was generated by three integrative methods; a discussion with five board members of the case company, a secondary data review, and a questionnaire survey with potential customers. Conclusion: The model developed in this study identifies the implications of the disruptive innovation approach for a startup digital healthcare platform. It points out, identifying a customer segment that has been away from digital healthcare platforms due to certain inefficiencies in current platforms and designing the business model elements to cater to their needs eventually leads to the domination of the startup in the market.