ITC/USA 2011 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Seventh Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 24-27, 2011 / Bally's Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada / Aircraft flight test data processing began with on site data analysis from the very first aircraft design. This method of analyzing flight data continued from the early 1900's to the present day. Today each new aircraft program builds a separate data center for post flight processing (PFP) to include operations, system administration, and management. Flight Test Engineers (FTE) are relocated from geographical areas to ramp up the manpower needed to analyze the PFP data center products and when the first phase of aircraft design and development is completed the FTE headcount is reduced with the FTE either relocated to another program or the FTE finds other employment. This paper is a condensed form of the research conducted by the author on how the methodology of continuing to build PFP data centers cost the aircraft company millions of dollars in development and millions of dollars on relocation plus relocation stress effects on FTE which can hinder productivity. This method of PFP data center development can be avoided by the consolidation of PFP data centers using present technology.

The challenge of management development in multinational companies is not only the program design itself, to design a diversified and comprehensive program, but also how to implement the program worldwide consistently and efficiently. Many multinational companies face the dilemma of centralization or decentralization because both have strengths and weakness and the debates on which approach is better is never ending. Instead of using the single one approach for the whole program, companies can review the process, from needs collection, design and development to implementation and evaluation, to determine the right approach for each. It means to use the combination of centralization and decentralization to capture the strengths of both.

There is no abstract available for this thesis.

It is the purpose of this study: (1) To provide a description of the seventeen school districts within the boundaries of the Lodi Union High School District in the matters of: (A) Financial status: (i) Assessed valuation per district, (ii) Assessed valuation per A.D.A., (iii) Expenditure costs per A.D.A., (iv) Present tax rate, (v) Bonded indebtedness; (B) Enrollment: (i) Past, present, and projected, (ii) Multiple graded classrooms; (C) Educational services; (D) Schoolhousing and facilities in present use; (E) Ecological factors (2) To examine these facts and conditions in view of the criteria of an adequate unified school district organization in regard to: (A) Financial structure; (B) Size of proposed district; (C) Educational services; (D) Ecological factors (3) Finally, to ascertain if unification of the seventeen elementary school districts will fulfill the objectives as adopted by the State Board of Education, which are as follows: (A) To produce a more effectively coordinated program of education for all levels of the State’s public school system through strong local school district organization, with single administrative control over all levels of public education in a given area.; (B) To provide a more efficient use of public funds, brought about by the creation of school districts capable of furnishing necessary educational services at a reasonable unit cost.; (C) To provide a better and more equalized educational opportunity for all children in the State through the creation of school districts sufficient in size to be able to provide curricular offerings and other services not possible under existing organization.; (D) To effect as great a degree of equalization of financial resources on the local level as circumstances will permit.

This thesis focuses on the development of the Iranian nation and state from 1811 to 1941. Both of these developments occurred in response to Iran's encounter with the European powers, specifically Russia and Great Britain. Government-led reforms opened the possibility for the development of Iranian nationalism, as Iranian students were in England and brought back the first printing press with them to Iran in 1815. The introduction of the printing press was significant to the development of the Iranian nation-state, as an increase in journals and periodicals introduced contemporary European political ideas to Iranians. This increased the calls to replicate the customs and norms of European society in Iran, ultimately leading to the Constitutional Revolution of 1906. The Constitutional Revolution established a Parliament in Iran that was politically weak and held little power in the provinces outside of Tehran. Tribal authority increased throughout Iran, and the Russians and British eventually occupied Iran from 1911 to 1917. The establishment of Reza Shah's rule in 1921 introduced a new centralized Iranian state that was legitimated by the nation and established its rule over the tribes. It is also during Reza Shah's rule that the conception of the Iranian nation begins to change. / Master of Arts

A Avenida Assis Brasil, na zona norte de Porto Alegre, é uma importante centralidade para a metrópole e sua região de influência. Nesta avenida convergem grandes contingentes populacionais diariamente, estes deslocamentos se dão pela concentração de grandes centros comerciais, hospital, shoppings centers, supermercados, além de muitos outros serviços, todos, ligados pelas mais de cem linhas de ônibus que circulam pela avenida. Esta centralidade faz parte da história de Porto Alegre, ela começou a ser formada na década de 1930 com os primeiros movimentos de urbanização através de loteamentos feitos nesta área, além disso, após a década de 1940 inúmeras indústrias situaram-se próximas à avenida à fim de aproveitar as vantagens locacionais. O espaço urbano desta área ganhou importância através do desenvolvimento do comércio local, que é alternativa ao centro da metrópole. As tendências atuais da metropolização tornam este processo mais complexo. Hoje em dia a financeirização do espaço tem levado à produção de inúmeros prédios e vem sendo o motor da urbanização nesta centralidade. O trabalho se propõe a ser um estudo sobre a influência dos diferentes tempos históricos na constituição da centralidade da Avenida Assis Brasil, utilizando o método regressivo-progressivo de Lefebvre. Buscaremos entender os momentos do percebido, do concebido e do vivido na centralidade da zona norte porto-alegrense, da sua constituição até o estágio atual da metropolização. Como resultado, conseguimos estabelecer relações entre o tipo de ocupação dos prédios com seu tempo estimado de construção. Além disso, a metodologia nos proporcionou à vermos novas tendências de urbanização em parte da Avenida. / Assis Brasil Avenue, in the north of Porto Alegre, is an important center for the metropolis and its region of influence. In this avenue converges large population contingents daily, these displacements are given by the concentration of big shopping centers, hospital, shopping malls, supermarkets, in addition to many other services, all linked by more than one hundred bus lines that circulate along the avenue. This centrality is part of the history of Porto Alegre, it began to be formed in the 1930s with the first urbanization movements through subdivisions made in this area, moreover, after the 1940s countless industries were located near the avenue for locational advantages. The urban space of this area gained importance through the development of local commerce, which rivals the center of the metropolis. Current trends in metropolization make this process more complex. Nowadays the financialization of space has led to the production of numerous buildings and has been the motor of urbanization in this centrality. This work proposes to be a study of the influence of different historical times in the constitution of the centrality of Avenida Assis Brasil, using Lefebvre's regressive-progressive method, we will try to understand the moments of perceived, conceived and lived in the centrality of the north port zone from its constitution to the present stage of metropolization. As a result, we have been able to establish relationships between the type of occupation of the buildings with their estimated time of construction. In addition, the methodology has given us to see new trends of urbanization in part of the Avenue.

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With this study we aim to create an understanding about motivational effect of using centralized goal-setting in multiunit organizations. Multiunit organizations are often decentralized in their structure, allowing units and their employees to have control over their day-to-day activities and decisions. At the same time, the organization requires control in order to create uniformity. A way to impose control is by using performance targets for the units and its employees. The employees are used to being self-directed in their work, and we have researched how this central form of control will affect their motivation.   In order to illustrate this, we have conducted a qualitative case study at different units in a banking and insurance company in Sweden. Goal-setting has increased in this industry, and at the same time, employees have the mandate to make decisions about their daily work at a local level. We therefore argue that using a multiunit company in this industry will illustrate the motivational effect of centrally assigned goals. We have conducted ten semi-structured interviews with sales employees and with two managers of Organization X. Our research approach to this study is of an abductive character, as our process has been back and forth between existing theory and findings from our research.             The mainly intrinsically motivated employees in this case expressed an understanding of the assigned goals. However, they had difficulties being committed to the goals because they felt that the goals were set too far away from their local market. Sales employees in this type of organizational structure are used to have the mandate to control their day-to-day work activities, and therefore it becomes frustrating for them to partly be controlled in terms of sales targets. Centralized assigned goals have a negative effect on motivation for most of the employees, who have trouble accepting and feeling committed to the goals. However, the assigned goals can temporarily trigger motivation to sell certain products, for example through a competition. We argue that the distribution of the centrally assigned goals have to be well communicated and explained to the employees, and that organizations give room for local adjustment of the centrally assigned goals.

The main purpose of this research, which are based on Ferris, Adams, Kolodinsky, Hochwarter, & Ammeter, (2002). revised model, is to explore the relationship between perceptions of organizational politics and the member of position, the member of tenure, the formalization, and the centralization. There are 2133 questionnaires provided from public and private hospitals, public and private schools, government agencies, public and private service industries, manufacturing, private financial institution, the high-tech industries and traditional industries. Questionnaires¡¦ response rate are 91.0%. Available response rate are 88.6%. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, correlation, and hierarchical linear model. The major results of this study are as following: 1. The member of position has a significant effect on perceptions of organizational politics. 2. The member of tenure has no effect on perceptions of organizational politics. 3. Formalization has no effect on perceptions of organizational politics. 4. Centralization has a significant effect on perceptions of organizational politics. 5. Formalization has no moderate effect on the relationship between the member of position and perceptions of organizational politics. 6. Formalization has no moderate effect on the relationship between the member of tenure and perceptions of organizational politics. 7. Centralization has no moderate effect on the relationship between the member of position and perceptions of organizational politics. 8. Centralization has no moderate effect on the relationship between the member of tenure and perceptions of organizational politics.

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