Present diploma thesis describes the study of bioactive compounds in the cereals. The work is focused on possible fortification of cereal products in order to increase nutritional value of final products which is reduced during the food processing and storage. Cereal grains are rich in several phenolic compounds, vitamins and minerals that reduce the risk of chronic diseases. The aim of this study was the preparation and analysis of model fortified cereals using lyophilized fruit originating from Czech Republic. A comparative analysis of content of bioactive substances in commercial and fortified products for children was performed too. The experimental part deals with a content of individual flavonoids by RP-HPLC/UV/VIS method, spectrophotometric determination of total and reducing saccharides and analysis of mono- and disaccharides by the HPLC/RI method as well. Differences in the content of individual flavonoids and saccharides after the application of acid hydrolysis of samples were investigated. The content of these compounds increased in most products because of their release from glycosidic forms. Presence of phenolics was confirmed in all analyzed cereals. Addition of 10% of lyophilized fruit/vegetable preparative (carrot, berries, apples) caused several fold increase of phenolics content in model mixtures. In commercially available cereal products there are relatively high differences in total phenolics content, proportionally to fruit component amount. The work included the spectrophotometric analysis of total polyphenols and flavonoids in a model physiological environment (artificial stomach juice) in which the hydrolysis of bound phenolic compounds occurred. The results of this study show that addition of lyophilized fruit seems to be a good way to increase the nutritional value and maintain the content of bioactive compounds in cereal products.

This thesis is focused on determination of the power effects, strength calculation and following optimalization of the box for grain roller mill S 1200 – the prototype of the mill to be produced by the copany ROmiLL, s. r. o. Besides issues mentioned above there ar also stated roller mills worldwide trends as well as results and evaluation of the calculations together witu optimalization of roller mill box.

El modelo de negocio se basa en la comercialización de premezclas de panqueques saludables y nutritivos hechos a base de cereales andinos como lo son la kiwicha y quinua. El proyecto busca aprovechar y satisfacer la falta de opciones en el mercado de productos alimenticios saludables y nutritivos pre - elaborados para personas que lleven un estilo de vida saludable y vivan en Lima Metropolitana. Asimismo, se busca que este vaya acorde a la preocupación medioambiental existente utilizando empaques eco amigables. Para poder validar el problema identificado con anterioridad se tuvo que realizar entrevistas a usuarios y a personal experto en la materia. Para la puesta en marcha del negocio se tuvo que realizar un análisis profundo del mercado, segmentos de clientes, competidores, proveedores, entre otros. Asimismo, se aplicaron distintas actividades y estrategias para lograr el posicionamiento del producto, las cuales fueron fueron realizadas e ideadas por los fundadores.

No description available.

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of storage in the enterprise as Zemke Kožlí the quality of food grains. Results of quality criteria which were in wheat moisture content , density , Zeleny test , N - substances , gluten, falling number, impurities , and malting barley moisture , overflow grains of 2.5 mm sieve , foreign seeds , cloth , damaged grains , grains fall below 2.5 mm sieve , germination , N - substances dusky peaks were processed into tables and graphs. It was demonstrated greater suitability of food grain storage in silos unlike the hall and loft storage .

No description available.

<p>Coeliac disease is a chronic inflammatory disease treated with a gluten-free diet, excluding barley, rye and wheat. Hence, there is a demand for methods able to detect gluten in foods in order to ensure correct labeling of products. According to the Codex Alimentarius Commission, 20ppm gluten is the maximum amount allowed in food labeled gluten-free.</p><p>PCR can detect DNA from cereals in food. Four real-time PCR-systems,</p><p>using TaqMan®-probes for detection of barley, oat, rye and wheat were optimized and evaluated. Evaluations were carried out using seeds. Primers were targeted to genes coding for prolamines, seed storage proteins. PCR-systems targeted to barley, oat and wheat were shown to be specific for the cereals corresponding to each system. The system targeted to rye showed cross-reactions with durum wheat and spelt wheat. Detection limits were 50pg, corresponding to <10 haploid genome copies for each cereal. All systems were able to detect 250ppm amounts of DNA, most likely even smaller amounts are detectable. All systems showed an amplification efficiency of ≥95%.</p><p>Systems for detection of barley, oat and wheat are ready for further evaluation, using food products as samples. The rye system however, needs to be re-designed before further evaluation can take place.</p>

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos de diferentes doses de radiação gama no crescimento de Alternaria alternata e na produção das toxinas Alternariol (AOH) e Alternariol Monometil Éter (AME), em amostras de cereais. Como resultado, nos grãos de arroz e nas sementes girassol observou-se diminuição do número de UFC/g, proporcionalmente à dose de radiação utilizada. Nos grãos de trigo e milho, o aumento da dose, resultou-lhes aumento das UFC/g. A análise micotoxicológica revelou, nos grãos de trigo e sementes de girassol, menor produção de AOH. Já nos grãos de arroz e milho, o grupo irradiado com 5 kGy, foi o que mais produziu AOH. Resultado semelhante foi constatado em relação à produção de AME. A microscopia eletrônica de varredura possibilitou a visualização de alterações estruturais provocadas pelas diferentes doses de radiação gama. A análise dos padrões das toxinas AOH e AME irradiados, não sofreu alterações. / The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of different gamma irradiation doses on the growth of Alternaria alternata and on production of mycotoxins Alternariol (AOH) and Alternariol Monomethyl Ether (AME) in cereal samples. The results showed a significant reduction in the number of CFU/g in rice grains and sunflower seeds, which were proportional to radiation dose used. However, in corn and wheat grains was observed an increase in the number of CFU/g with the increase of gamma irradiation. The radiation doses used resulted in a reduction of AOH levels. In rice and corn grains, the production of AOH was highest in the group irradiated with 5 kGy. Similar result was obtained with relation to AME. Scanning electron microscopy made it possible to visualize structural alterations on A. alternata induced by the different g-radiation doses used. Analysis of irradiated AOH and AME toxins standards didn´t show any alteration comparing to the control group.

Os cereais matinais são produtos extrusados de alto teor de proteína, carboidratos e fibras, que são consumidos com leite. A modelagem matemática é essencial para predizer e simular o comportamento dos materiais submetidos à hidratação, com o intuito de descobrir as melhores condições de temperatura e de tempo de hidratação do processo. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo modelar e otimizar o processo de hidratação de cereal matinal com leite, visando encontrar as variáveis ideais de tempo e temperatura de hidratação, bem como a proporção de leite e cereal para obtenção de um produto pronto para o consumo, além de utilizar dois modelos matemáticos e rede neural artificial para simular a cinética de absorção de leite. A hidratação foi conduzida em 3 proporções de cereal/leite e 3 temperaturas de imersão durante duas horas, com cereal de milho (sem açúcar) e leite UHT integral. Os tratamentos utilizados na hidratação (proporção, temperatura e tempo) causaram efeito significativo (p < 0.05) em todas as propriedades físico-químicas do cereal matinal hidratado com leite. Dos modelos matemáticos, o modelo de Peleg foi o que melhor descreveu a cinética de absorção de leite no cereal nas temperaturas e proporções investigadas, e obteve bons ajustes aos dados experimentais. A aplicação da rede neural artificial representou de forma satisfatória a cinética de absorção do leite. / Breakfast cereals are extruded products with a high content of protein, carbohydrates and fibers, which are consumed with milk. The mathematical modeling is essential to predict and simulate the behavior of the materials submitted to hydration, in order to discover the best conditions of temperature and hydration time in the process. The objective of this work was to model and optimize the process of breakfast cereal hydration with milk, aiming to find the ideal variables of time and temperature of hydration, as well as the proportion of milk and cereal to obtain a product ready for consumption, besides using two mathematical models and Artificial Neural Network to simulate the kinetics of milk absorption. Hydration was conducted in 3 cereal/milk proportions and 3 immersion temperatures for two hours, with corn cereal (without sugar) and integral UHT milk. The treatments used in hydration (proportion, temperature and time) had a significant effect (p <0.05) on all physical-chemical properties of breakfast cereal hydrated with milk. About mathematical models, the Peleg’s model best described the kinetics of milk absorption in the cereal at the temperatures and proportions investigated, and obtained good adjustments to the experimental data. The application of Artificial Neural Network satisfactorily represented the kinetics of milk absorption.

A produção de cereais constitui uma das atividades de maior importância para o Brasil. O país ocupa posições de liderança na produção mundial, e é um dos principais exportadores. Para que tal desempenho seja cada vez mais superado, o mercado requer custos de produção competitivos e esse se constitui em um dos grandes desafios atuais da agricultura brasileira. Quanto à participação no custo final de produção da tonelada, a operação de colheita é destaque dentre as etapas que compõem o processo produtivo das principais culturas de cereais. Nas culturas do milho e da soja, o custo de suas atividades oscila entre 30 a 40% do total das operações. Mediante tal significância, estratégias de otimização que visem a redução de seu custo operacional, e que ofereçam subsídios para o seu adequado planejamento tornam-se cada vez mais necessárias. Tendo em vista a aplicação de conceitos logísticos no planejamento e coordenação da operação de colheita como um recurso potencial para a redução de seu custo e para a melhoria da qualidade de sua realização, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo analisar estratégias logísticas em sistemas de colheita de cereais. Em função da complexidade das inter-relações que os caracterizam, e do número envolvido de variáveis, optou-se por realizar as análises com base em um modelo computacional de simulação. SisColhe foi o nome escolhido ao programa de logística e simulação de colheita de cereais desenvolvido. As simulações características do estudo ocorreram a partir de três cenários hipotéticos. A partir do desenvolvimento dos cenários, norteou-se a avaliação das estratégias de colheita por seis distintas análises, compreendendo a definição do problema inicial e o desenvolvimento do algoritmo de simulação, a validação dos resultados do programa, a identificação dos parâmetros de maior contribuição para a formação do custo final da tonelada colhida e o entendimento das estruturas de custo e do desempenho operacional da maquinaria. Os resultados demonstraram que a parcela fixa dos custos possui maior participação na formação do custo final da tonelada colhida do que os variáveis, e que o fator de maior contribuição ao aporte de capital é o valor com o qual as colhedoras são adquiridas no mercado. A capacidade de colheita da frota de colhedoras é o parâmetro no qual residem os maiores potenciais de redução de custo. Essa regeu, inclusive, o desempenho dos demais equipamentos, carretas de transbordo e veículos de transporte, demonstrando um comportamento sistêmico entre os componentes da maquinaria. Em se tratando do custo de movimentação de produção, as atividades de carga e descarga dos veículos foram as responsáveis pela maior parcela na formação dos custos de transporte. No planejamento da colheita, o correto dimensionamento da frota, em conjunto com adoção de estratégias alternativas de incremento de desempenho operacional, mostraram-se estratégias viáveis em sistemas caracterizados pela retirada de grandes produções em curtos intervalos de tempo. Os resultados das simulações demonstraram que o SisColhe está apto a auxiliar a análise e a avaliação da colheita mecanizada de cereais. A lógica de comportamento da maquinaria e de suas inter-relações pôde ser reproduzida. As diferenças de validação mostraram-se aceitáveis face às simplificações impostas ao algoritmo e à variabilidade intrínseca ao ambiente agrícola. / Cereals production constitutes one of the most important agricultural activities to Brazil. The country occupies leadership positions in the world production, and it is one of the main exporters. So that such performance be each time more overcame, the market requests competitive production costs, and this is one of the brazilian agriculture great current challenges. Focusing the ton final production cost percentages distribution, the harvest operation is prominence among the main cereals cultures productive process stages. For corn and soybeans cultures, the cost of their activities oscillates among 30 to 40% of the total operations costs. By such significance, optimization strategies that seek for the reduction of its operational cost, and that create conditions for an better harvest planning become more and more necessary. Considering the application of logistical concepts in the harvest operation planning and coordination as a potential resource to the reduction of its cost and improvement of its accomplishment, the present work had for objective to analyze logistical strategies in cereals harvest systems. Due to the complexity of their interrelations, and to the involved variables number, it was decided to base the analyses on a computational simulation model. SisColhe was the chosen name to the logistics and cereals harvest simulation developed software. The simulations that compose the study happened taking in granted three hypothetical sceneries. The evaluation of the harvest strategies was oriented by six different analyses, comprising the initial problem definition and the development of the simulation algorithm, the program results validation, the most cost composition parameters identification and the cost structures and machinery operational performance behavior understanding. The results demonstrated that the fixed components have more participation in the harvest final cost composition than the varied ones, and the larger contribution factor to the capital a port is the value with which the harvesters are acquired. The fleet harvesters operational capacity is the parameter of largest cost reduction potential, since its influenced, besides, the performance of the others fleet equipments, demonstrating a systemic behavior among them. Taking in granted the cost of the production movement, the vehicles charge and discharge activities were the responsible for the largest transport costs portion. In the harvest planning, the correct fleet dimensioning, together with the adoption of performance increment alternative strategies were viable strategies in high productions and small time intervals characterized systems. The simulations results demonstrated that the SisColhe software is capable to aid the analysis and the evaluation of the cereals mechanized harvest. The machinery behavior logic and its interrelations could be reproduced. The validation differences were acceptable due to the algorithm simplifications imposed and to the intrinsic agricultural environmental variability.