Les protéagineux pourraient contribuer à réduire le déficit en protéines de l’Europe mais ils sont peu cultivés. L’association à une céréale permettrait de contourner leur variabilité de rendement et leur faible compétitivité vis-à-vis des adventices. Cette stratégie serait particulièrement pertinente pour le lupin blanc d’hiver, qui présente un fort potentiel de production de protéines mais un fort risque d’enherbement. Ce travail de thèse étudie en dynamique les interactions entre lupin, céréale et adventices afin de mettre en évidence les traits des espèces permettant d’accroitre leur complémentarité et la compétitivité vis-à-vis des adventices tout en sécurisant la productivité. L’étude d’un réseau de parcelles démontre que l’ajout de triticale permet d’augmenter la compétitivité vis-à-vis des adventices par rapport au lupin pur, d’obtenir un rendement supérieur et plus stable et de maintenir la production de protéines. Un essai en micro parcelles démontre le rôle majeur de la capture précoce d’azote (N) de la céréale pour accroitre la compétitivité vis-à-vis des adventices. Nous montrons que les rapports de compétition varient au cours du cycle et en fonction des espèces ou variétés ainsi que des conditions climatiques et influencent ainsi l’élaboration du rendement. De forts contrastes entre lupin et céréale pour des traits liés à l’acquisition précoce d’N sont décrits ainsi que leurs conséquences sur la mise en place de la complémentarité. Ce travail met en évidence que le choix d’espèces et de variétés aux traits complémentaires permet d’orienter les interactions entre lupin, céréale et adventices et ouvre des perspectives pour l’optimisation des performances. / Pea, faba bean and lupin could help to reduce the European protein deficit but they are not widely grown. Intercropping with a cereal can be seen as a way to circumvent their high yield variability and their low competitive ability against weeds. This strategy could be particularly relevant for winter white lupin, a crop that can produce high amounts of proteins but that is prone to high weed infestations. This doctoral thesis studies the dynamic interactions between lupin, cereal and weeds to highlight species traits that allow increasing their complementarity and their competitive ability against weeds while securing productivity. Results of a multisite study in agricultural fields demonstrate that adding triticale in lupin allows increasing competitive ability against weeds as well as yield and yield stability compared with sole-cropped lupin while maintaining protein production. A plot experiment highlights the key role of cereal early Nitrogen (N) uptake in the increase of competitive ability against weeds. Analysis of resource sharing shows that competitive relationships vary throughout the cropping cycle, depend on species or cultivars as well as climatic conditions and that they influence yield formation. Strong contrasts between lupin and a cereal for traits related to early soil N uptake and their consequences on complementarity are highlighted by the results of rhizotron experiments. This work emphasizes the role of species and cultivar choice to manage interactions between lupin, cereal and weeds and opens perspectives for the optimization of intercrop performances.

The aim of this study was to examine the production efficiency of processed triticale and compared to unmodified triticale during 135 day feeding experiment on ponds in the system Naděj. Dosing of feed, feeding technique and condition of the market carp in experimental ponds, the quality and quantity of natural food were observed. At the end of the experiment the main production indicators were evaluated and data were statistically evaluated. Higher production efficiency of mechanical and thermally processed cereals was not proved. The highest production efficiency was observed in variant with triticale supplementary feeding without processing (FCR ? 1.4; SGR ? 0.97 %.d-1; PER ? 6.74) and in variant with thermally processed triticale (FCR ? 1.63; SGR ? 0.88 %.d-1; PER ? 5.79). The lowest effective production was reached using grinded triticale (FCR ? 1.68; SGR ? 0.86 %.d-1; PER ? 5.62). Results were affected by different levels of quantity of zooplankton in the monitored ponds.

The aim of this thesis was to compare the activity and quality of work of the combine harvester New Holland CR 9080 and John Deere 9880 STS at harvest of cereals and oilseed rape and their simple economic evaluation. The thesis was focused on comparing losses and influence of moisture of harvested crops on the size of the losses, on the quality of crushing and the spreading of plant residues. Then the inf luence of moisture of harvested crops on the quality of crushing and the spreading of plant residues, analysis of performance and consumption of diesel were compared.

The aim of this study was based on laboratory analysis of each parameter, an assessment of livestock interventions, current methods and techniques used in fishing enterprises. Experiments carried out on the market carp in ponds in the system Naděj and the hatcheries under the pond Svět where it was used mechanically and cooked cereals. After processing the fish fillets was done by measuring muscle textural profile. The highest average value of the hardness of the fish ponds was measured in control samples (25,008 ? 3,507 kg). Followed by samples of fish that were unprepared food whatsoever triticale (19,530 ? 2,842 kg). Fish feeding whole triticale heat-treated at 100 ° C (9,990 ? 1,506 kg) and heat-treated triticale mashed at 100 ° C (10,031 ? 1,696 kg) showed similar values of stiffness. The highest average value of the hardness of fish hatcheries was measured in samples of fish that were food whatsoever (20,420 ? 1,456 kg). In addition, followed in descending order of fish samples, which posed a triticale cooked at 100 ° C (11,198 ? 3,334 kg) of wheat at 100 ° C (10,286 ? 1,234 kg), barley at 100 ° C (8,564 ? 1,532 kg), and rye at 100 ° C (7,519 ? 1,993 kg).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-02-04Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:08:01Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 puga_ap_me_jabo.pdf: 1301641 bytes, checksum: d1f21c9389dd59b9fbd755f5b3b47ffe (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Os solos tropicais, em geral, apresentam baixa concentração de zinco e a deficiência deste micronutriente é reconhecida como problema nutricional mundial para a produção dos cereais. A adubação das culturas com zinco pode ser realizada pela aplicação no solo, foliar e nas sementes. Contudo, ainda existe discussão sobre a melhor forma de fornecimento deste nutriente aos cereais. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar modos de aplicação de zinco na nutrição e na produção das culturas de milho e sorgo em condições de campo. Para isso, foram instalados dois experimentos, na área experimental da FCAV/UNESP, Câmpus Jaboticabal-SP, Brasil. Foram utilizados nove tratamentos, constituídos por três doses de Zn em aplicação localizada no solo (sulco de semeadura) e incorporado (camada de 0-20 cm de profundidade), aplicação foliar, aplicação em sementes e testemunha (sem aplicação de Zn), dispostos em delineamento em blocos ao acaso e com quatro repetições. Foram avaliadas as variáveis de crescimento e o estado nutricional das culturas. Na colheita, foram realizadas avaliações dos componentes de produtividade e feita à análise química do solo. Foram determinados os teores de carboidratos e de proteína nos grãos de milho e sorgo. A aplicação de zinco, independentemente do modo, promoveu maior teor deste micronutriente no solo e maior acúmulo na parte aérea das plantas e refletiu nos grãos de milho e de sorgo. A aplicação do zinco no solo proporcionou maior absorção de zinco e produtividade da cultura do milho, comparado com aplicação do micronutriente na planta via semente ou foliar. No solo, a forma incorporada, na dose de zinco de 6 kg ha-1, destacou-se da forma localizada. A aplicação de zinco no solo incrementou a produção de matéria seca de folhas, o teor e acúmulo de Zn das plantas de sorgo, entretanto, não afetou a produtividade... / The tropical soils present in general low zinc content and its deficiency in plants is recognized as a nutritional problem to produce cereals. The zinc fertilization can be done by soil, foliar, and by seed methods. However, there is still a discussion about the better way to provide to plants this nutrient. This way the study aimed evaluate zinc fertilization methods at corn and sorghum production, under field conditions. To this, two experiments were carried out at Experimental Area of FCAV/UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP Campus, Brazil. There were nine treatments, being three Zn doses in the soil (by row and at planting) and incorporated (0-20cm lay), foliar spraying, seed application, and control (without Zn). The design used was randomized blocks with four replications. It was evaluated the growing variables and the nutritional state of the cultures. During harvest the productivity components were evaluated as well the chemical soil fertility analysis. Also, the corn and sorghum seed protein and carbohydrates levels were determined. The zinc use, indifferently its way, promoted its higher amount in the soil and higher uptake by plants, reflecting in the corn and sorghum grains. Zinc applied in the soil provided higher zinc uptake and productivity to corn culture when compared to its use via seed or foliar. The zinc incorporated in the soil (6 kg ha-1) highlighted from the localized one. The zinc added in the soil increased the leaves dry matter and the amount and accumulated Zn in the sorghum plants, although it did not affect the productivity. The Zn incorporation in the soil promoted higher amount of carbohydrates, starch, and protein in corn and sorghum grains

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2017-03-29T12:47:48Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Laury Francis Costa tese doutorado 2016.pdf: 1371853 bytes, checksum: b52b62a7c70253ba774a4a1f09aa6adb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-29T12:47:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Laury Francis Costa tese doutorado 2016.pdf: 1371853 bytes, checksum: b52b62a7c70253ba774a4a1f09aa6adb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-22 / CAPES / A irradiação de alimentos utiliza doses de radiação gama previamente estabelecidas, para manter as características nutricionais e físico-químicas dos alimentos e evitar contaminação por micro-organismos. O mix de cereais ou farelos é uma farinha composta por uma mistura de ingredientes, incluindo linhaça, gergelim e aveia. O fungo filamentoso Aspergillus flavus pode contaminar esse tipo de alimento e produzir aflatoxina. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar amostras de mix de cereais, irradiadas ou não, para verificar se a radiação gama consegue inibir a contaminação por fungos aflatoxigênicos, além de manter as características nutricionais do alimento; além de analisar a rotulagem das amostras embaladas. Foram analisadas 9 amostras diferentes de mix de cereal (M1 a M9), em embalagem plástica ou metalizada, comercializado a granel e industrializado. Também foram analisados grãos e farinha de linhaça, gergelim e aveia. Foram feitas análises micológicas (fungos totais e aflatoxigênicos), testes físico-químicos (cinzas, umidade, proteínas, lipídios, carboidratos, Aw) e análise de rotulagem. A menor dose de radiação gama (2,5kGy) foi suficiente pra inibir os fungos aflatoxigênicos na maioria da amostras, e a dose considerada ótima foi de 5kGy. A amostra com maior contaminação fúngica foi a granel M3 (1,2x104UFC/g), mas a M8 teve maior variedade de fungos. Foi observado que 75% das amostras a granel e 80% das amostras industrializadas de mix de cereais foram positivos pra fungos aflatoxigênicos. A amostra M2 foi a mais irregular na rotulagem, infringindo a RDC nº360/2003 e RDC nº259/2002. Os testes estatísticos comprovaram que a composição nutricional e a germinação dos grãos não foram afetadas pela radiação. Gergelim só teve contaminação na amostra controle; aveia e linhaça tinham pouca ou nenhuma contaminação. O MALDITOF confirmou o Aspergillus flavus. A sugestão é padronizar a lista de ingredientes do mix de cereais, regularizar a rotulagem junto às empresas, e orientar os consumidores a comprar mix de cereais apenas em embalagem lacrada, pois a venda a granel facilita a contaminação por fungos aflatoxigênicos devido à manipulação e má conservação. / Food irradiation uses gamma radiation dose previously established for maintaining the nutritional and physicochemical characteristics of the food and prevent contamination by micro-organisms. The cereal mix is made of bran or flour of a mixture of ingredients, including linseed, sesame and oats. The filamentous fungus Aspergillus flavus can infect this type of food and produce aflatoxin. The objective of this study was to analyze samples mix of cereals, irradiated or not, to check whether the gamma radiation can inhibit contamination by aflatoxigenic fungi as well as maintaining the nutritional characteristics of the food; besides analyzing the labeling of packaged samples. We analyzed 9 different samples of cereal mix (M1 to M9) in plastic or metallic packaging, sold in bulk and industrialized. They were also analyzed grains and flaxseed meal, sesame and oats. Mycological analyzes were performed (total and aflatoxigenic fungi), physical-chemical (ash, moisture, protein, lipids, carbohydrates, Aw) and analysis of labeling. The lowest dose of gamma radiation (2,5kGy) was sufficient to inhibit the majority of aflatoxigenic fungi in samples and the optimum dose was considered 5kGy. The sample with higher fungal contamination was bulk M3 (1,2x104UFC / g), but the M8 had a greater variety of fungi. It was observed that 75% of bulk samples and 80% of the industrialized mix samples of grain were positive for aflatoxigenic fungi. The sample M2 was the most irregular in the labeling, breaking the RDC 360/2003 and RDC 259/2002. Statistical tests have shown that the nutritional composition and grain germination was not affected by radiation. Sesame only had contamination in the control sample; flax and oats had little or no contamination. The MALDITOF confirmed Aspergillus flavus. The suggestion is to standardize the list of ingredients in the mix of cereals, regulate the labeling from the companies, and guide consumers to buy mix of cereals only in sealed packaging, because sale in bulk facilitates contamination by aflatoxigenic fungi due to handling and poor conservation.

Dissertação(mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia e Ciência de Alimentos, Escola de Química e Alimentos, 2010. / Submitted by Caroline Silva (krol_bilhar@hotmail.com) on 2012-08-19T20:54:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertao -fernanda pagnussatt.pdf: 1418590 bytes, checksum: 8967b30d06e7a8e26859db843f84ec54 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Bruna Vieira(bruninha_vieira@ibest.com.br) on 2012-12-06T18:47:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertao -fernanda pagnussatt.pdf: 1418590 bytes, checksum: 8967b30d06e7a8e26859db843f84ec54 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-12-06T18:47:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertao -fernanda pagnussatt.pdf: 1418590 bytes, checksum: 8967b30d06e7a8e26859db843f84ec54 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Os cereais são fontes de inibidores enzimáticos que agem sobre a α-amilase, alterando a disponibilidade do amido e podem representar uma ferramenta útil para a resistência dos vegetais ao ataque de patógenos. O objetivo do trabalho foi estudar a presença de inibidores enzimáticos em cereais e avaliar sua relação com a susceptibilidade à contaminação fúngica. Amostras de grãos de aveia (UPFA 20 Teixeirinha, UPFA 22 Temprana e UPFA Pampa), trigo (Safira, Ônix e Pampeano) e arroz (BR 410, BR 417 e BR 424) foram moídas,peneiradas e caracterizadas físico-quimicamente. A melhor condição para a extração de inibidores enzimáticos da aveia e trigo foi obtida ao utilizar o sistema de extração etanol 70 % e 12 horas de agitação, com inibição da amilase fúngica em torno de 90 %. Nas cultivares de arroz, o extrato bruto inibiu 96 % da ação da enzima amilase em ensaios in vitro, quando se empregou como extrator etanol 95 % e 7 h de extração. A enzima Fungamyl®, com atividade específica de 20 mg de amido hidrolisado mL-1 mg proteína-1 foi caracterizada bioquimicamente para fornecer os parâmetros necessários para avaliação da presença de inibidores nos extratos. As propriedades antifúngicas desses extratos inibidores foram testadas pelo método de ágar diluído, utilizando como resposta o teor de glucosamina dos fungos. Durante os 14 dias de incubação do Fusarium graminearum as maiores inibições de crescimento fúngico foram alcançadas em presença dos extratos de aveia e de trigo. A próxima etapa será a purificação dos inibidores nas cultivares mais promissoras para aplicar o conhecimento em programas genéticos capazes de aumentar a resistência desses grãos a determinados fungos ou extraí-los para a preservação em conservação de alimentos. / Cereals are sources of enzymatic inhibitors which act upon alpha-amylase disturbing starch availability, generating a higher resistance to the attack of pathogens. This work aim was to study the presence of enzymatic inhibitors in cereals and evaluate its relation with fungi contamination susceptibility. Samples of oat (UPFA 20 Teixeirinha, UPFA 22 Temprana e UPFA Pampa), wheat (Safira, Ônix e Pampeano) and rice (BR 410, BR 417 e BR 424) were milled, homogenized and then its physicochemical properties were analyzed. The best conditions for extraction enzymatic inhibitors of wheat and oat was ethanol 70%, 12 hours of agitation which obtained an inhibition of fungal amylase of 90%. Rice crude extract varieties obtained a 96% of enzymatic amylase inhibition during in vitro tests, when extraction contained 95% of ethanol and 7 h agitation. The enzyme Fungamyl®, which specific activity of 20 mg protein mL-1 mg-1 of hydrolyzed starch, was biochemically characterized to establish the necessary parameters to research inhibitors activity. Antifungal properties from the extracts were analyzed utilizing the diluted agar method, the response was measure through the level of glucosamine produce by the fungi. During 14 days of incubation Fusarium graminearum inhibition was greater in the oat and wheat extracts presence. The next stage it’s to purify of the inhibitors on the cultivars most promising to apply this knowledge to genetic databases that are capable to enhance the resistence of grains to certain species of fungi or extract them for preservation in foods.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Beer is a drink produced from the fermentation of barley and flavored by hops. In Brazil according to the legislation part of the barley can be replaced by cereals with high content of starch like corn and rice. In order to achieve high levels of production of these cereals and to avoid the loss of crops, pesticides are used in crops. This work aims to develop a methodology for the determination of residues of the pesticides acetamiprid, alachlor, ametryn, atrazine, azoxystrobin, carbofuran, carbosulfan, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, diphenoconazole, esfenvalerate, flutriafol, methionine-parathion and thiamethoxam in beer. In the QuEChERS procedure two adsorbents were tested in the clean-up step, PSA and Florisil, which presented recovery values of 73-101% and 65-103%, respectively. In order to validate the analytical method, the following parameters were tested: linearity and sensitivity, which presented linear response with correlation coefficients between 0.9024-0.9999 in the concentration range 0.05- 2.5 μg mL-1; Accuracy and accuracy tests were performed resulting in recovery values between 29-123% and coefficients of variation between 0.3-49.5% for the concentrations of 0.3, 0.1 and 0.05 μg mL -1; and limits of detection and quantification limits 0.003-0.08 μg mL-1 and 0.01-0.12 μg mL-1, respectively. After validation, the method was applied in real samples of beer and no residue of the pesticides studied was found. / A cerveja é produzida a partir da fermentação da cevada e aromatizada pelo lúpulo. No Brasil de acordo com a legislação parte da cevada pode ser substituída por cereais com alto teor de amido como milho e arroz. A fim de atingir altos níveis de produção destes cereais, os pesticidas são utilizados nas lavouras para controle de pragas e evitar perdas nas safras. Este trabalho tem como objetivo desenvolver uma metodologia para determinação de resíduos dos pesticidas acetamiprido, alacloro, ametrina, atrazina, azoxistrobina, carbofurano, carbosulfano, cipermetrina, deltametrina, difenoconazol, esfenvalerato, flutriafol, parationa-metílica e tiametoxam em cerveja. No procedimento QuEChERS foram testados dois adsorventes no passo de clean-up, o PSA e o Florisil que apresentaram valores de recuperação 73-101% e 65-103% respectivamente. A fim de validar o método analítico foram testados os parâmetros: linearidade e sensibilidade, que apresentaram resposta linear com coeficientes de correlação entre 0,9024-0,9999 no intervalo de concentração 0,05-2,5 μg mL-1; testes de exatidão e precisão foram realizados resultando em valores de recuperação entre 29-123% e coeficientes de variação entre 0,3-49,5% para as concentrações 0,3, 0,1 e 0,05 μg mL-1; e limites de detecção e limites de quantificação 0,003-0,08 μg mL-1 e 0,01-0,12 μg mL-1, respectivamente. Após a validação o método foi aplicado em amostras reais de cerveja e nenhum resíduo dos pesticidas estudados foi detectado. / São Cristóvão, SE

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-05-19T10:55:52Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Roberta Camargo de Godoy - 2013.pdf: 2679202 bytes, checksum: 7e4d326150712ce3fb2f1a24d1ba86c8 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-05-19T11:03:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Roberta Camargo de Godoy - 2013.pdf: 2679202 bytes, checksum: 7e4d326150712ce3fb2f1a24d1ba86c8 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-19T11:03:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Roberta Camargo de Godoy - 2013.pdf: 2679202 bytes, checksum: 7e4d326150712ce3fb2f1a24d1ba86c8 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Rice is considered a staple food in many parts of the world. A cause for concern is the rice breakdown during milling processes and these broken grains are not generally accepted by consumers. The rice industry generates a lot of waste, and broken grains of rice and bran. These products can be blended with certain desired ingredients to improve its quality for preparing extruded grains such as "snacks". With environmental concerns, issues related to hunger and waste is important to study the utilization of these residues with the use of available technology. The aim of this study was to develop extruded cereal in natural flavors, sweet and savory, from the broken grains of rice bran and rice with quinoa, evaluate their physico-chemical, microbiological and sensorial acceptance. There was no microbial contamination of the final product with none of the microorganism studied, namely coliform at 45 ° C, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, molds and yeasts. For sensory evaluation showed that the salty snack earned the highest score for all criteria: overall (6.5), flavor (6.5), crispness (7.2), on a scale 1-9. To purchase intention, the result was 3.5 on a scale of 1 to 5. The use of rice cereal gluten-free, is an alternative to the industrial sector, which can be applied in developing various products for human consumption. / O arroz é considerado como alimento básico em muitas partes do mundo. Um motivo de preocupação é a quebra de arroz em processos de moagem e esses grãos quebrados não são geralmente aceitos pelos consumidores. A indústria de arroz gera uma grande quantidade de resíduos, como grãos quebrados de arroz e farelo. Estes produtos podem ser misturados com determinados ingredientes desejados para melhorar a sua qualidade e extrusados para a preparação de cereais tipo “snacks”. Com a preocupação socioambiental, relacionada aos assuntos fome e desperdício é importante o estudo de aproveitamento destes resíduos com uso da tecnologia disponível. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver cereal extrusado nos sabores natural, doce e salgado, a partir de grãos quebrados de arroz e farelo de arroz com quinoa; avaliar suas características físico-químicas, microbiológicas e aceitação sensorial. Não houve contaminação microbiológica do produto final com nenhum microrganismo pesquisado, sendo eles Coliforme a 45°C, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus e bolores e leveduras. Para avaliação sensorial observou-se que o snack sabor salgado obteve a melhor pontuação para todos os quesitos: avaliação geral (6,5); sabor (6,5); crocância (7,2); numa escala de 1 a 9. Para intenção de compra, o resultado foi 3,5 na escala de 1 a 5. O aproveitamento do arroz, cereal isento de glúten, é uma alternativa para o setor industrial, que pode ser aplicado no desenvolvimento de diversos produtos para a alimentação humana.

Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2016-02-01T10:04:00Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Sandro de Castro Santos - 2015.pdf: 1863211 bytes, checksum: bdc443926956e408ce6c4403abaceed1 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-02-01T10:18:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Sandro de Castro Santos - 2015.pdf: 1863211 bytes, checksum: bdc443926956e408ce6c4403abaceed1 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-01T10:18:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Sandro de Castro Santos - 2015.pdf: 1863211 bytes, checksum: bdc443926956e408ce6c4403abaceed1 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-24 / The experiment was carried out from December 2011 to February 2013 at the Federal Institute Goiano (IF Goiano) - Morrinhos. The design was completely randomized in a factorial arrangement 5x4, five treatments (storage times of 0, 60, 120, 180, 240 days) and four types of maize hybrids with different textures (hard, medium-hard, those semi and toothed ). The objective was to evaluate the quality of different types of hybrids stored for a period up to 240 days by temporal variation of the chemical components of the grain, the vitreousness and degradability. The pellets were collected and stored in bags raffia type and subsequently the collection of samples made in accordance with the storage time, and then stored in an oven at 20 ° C. There was a loss of dry matter (P> 0.05) for all hybrids throughout the storage period ranging from 0.43% to 1.43% to hybrid hard for toothed hybrid. Featuring which grain has hard texture corn with improved resistance to storage than the corn grain mealy texture. There was no difference (P> 0.05) among all treatments for the crude protein content. As for vitreousness the average figures for hybrid hard and semi-hard texture were similar (P> 0.05) 79.2% and 77.7%, respectively. And vitreousness grain hybrids for those semi toothed texture and the values did not differ (P> 0.05) were 69.87% and 67.4%, respectively. Thus, one can observe the presence of only two groups: hard grain texture and toothed texture. The toothed grain and semidentados achieved the highest degradation rates (P> 0.05) compared to hard and semi-hard, 68.6%, 68.4%, 73.72% and 72.01%, respectively. The determination of the MS degradability shows that the soft texture of the corn kernels allows greater share of rumen microorganisms in relation to grain hard texture. Thus, the corn produced in Brazil has the advantage of being suitable for storage due to their degree of resistance and more productive than the corn dough. Moreover, the farinaceous grains are more digestible and which has been demonstrated is that this work were not different from in the storage flint hybrids. / O experimento foi conduzido no período de dezembro de 2011 a fevereiro de 2013 no Instituto Federal Goiano (IF Goiano) – campus Morrinhos. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 5x4, ou seja, cinco tratamentos (tempos de armazenamento 0, 60, 120, 180, 240 dias) e quatro tipos de híbridos de milho com texturas diferentes (duro, semiduro, semidentado e dentado). O objetivo foi avaliar a qualidade dos diferentes tipos de híbridos armazenados por um período de até 240 dias através da variação temporal dos componentes químicos dos grãos, da vitreosidade e degradabilidade ruminal. Os grãos foram colhidos e armazenados em sacos do tipo ráfia e posteriormente feitos as coletas das amostras, de acordo com os tempos de armazenagem, e em seguida armazenados em estufa a -20°C. Houve perda de matéria seca (P>0,05) para todos os híbridos ao longo do período de armazenamento variando de 0,43% para o híbrido duro até 1,43 % para o híbrido dentado. Caracterizando que grão de milho com textura dura possui maior resistência ao armazenamento do que os grãos de milhos de textura farinácea. Não houve diferença (P>0,05) entre todos os tratamentos para o teor de proteína bruta. Quanto a vitreosidade os valores médios observados para os híbridos de textura duro e semiduro foram semelhantes (P>0,05) 79,2% e 77,7%, respectivamente. E a vitreosidade dos grãos para os híbridos de textura semidentado e dentado os valores não diferiram (P>0,05) e foram 69,87% e 67,4%, respectivamente. Sendo assim, pode-se observar a presença de apenas dois grupos: grãos com textura dura e textura dentado. Os grãos dentados e semidentados obtiveram as maiores taxas de degradação (P>0,05) comparadas aos duros e semiduros, 68,6%, 68,4%, 73,72% e 72,01%, respectivamente. A determinação da degradabilidade ruminal da MS mostra que a textura dentada dos grãos de milho permite maior ação dos microrganismos ruminais em relação aos grãos de textura dura. Desta forma, o milho produzido no Brasil possui a vantagem de ser indicado para armazenagem devido ao seu grau de resistência e mais produtivo do que o milho farináceo. Por outro lado, os grãos farináceos são mais digestíveis, e o que ficou demonstrado nesse trabalho é que não foram diferentes dos híbridos duros quanto ao armazenamento.