No description available.

Lupin has recently been added to the list of allergens requiring mandatory advisory labelling on foodstuffs sold in the European Union, and since December 2008 all products containing even trace amounts of lupin must be labelled correctly. Lupin globulins consist of two major globulins called α-conglutin (11S and “legumin-like”) and β-conglutin (7S and “vicilin-like”), and another additional two globulins, γ-conglutin and δ-conglutin, which are present in lower amounts. β-conglutin is the only conglutin currently included in the list of the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS), designated as Lup an 1. The overall objective of these PhD is the selection of aptamers that can detect this allergen. Nucleic acid aptamers are synthetic ligands selected from vast combinatorial libraries through a process referred to as SELEX – Systematic Evolution of Ligand By Exponential Enrichment. Aptamers possess unique chemical and biochemical characteristics, such as: well known chemistry and remarkable stability, moreover, aptamers can be selected against virtually any target and in non-physiological conditions. In order to achieve the overall objective, a set of subobjectives will be achieved. The first of these involves the elucidation of protocols for the selective extraction of each of the lupin α, β, γ, and δ subunits, resulting in (i) protocols that can be used for selective extraction and isolation of the lupin α, β, γ, and δ proteins from food for subsequent analysis; (ii) standards that can be used in analytical assays and tools; and (iii) target that can be used for the selection of aptamers specific to the β-conglutin subunit. The core of the work is the selection of aptamers against the allergen Lup an 1 using a SELEX procedure, as well the preparation of protocols that can be used to monitor the evolution of aptamer selection. The functionality of the aptamer is demonstratedby exploiting it in an enzyme linked oligonucleotide assay as well as apta-PCR. Finally the resulting aptamer candidates that exhibit high affinity are fully characterised, truncated, and the structure of the final truncated aptamer is elucidated

Thèse de doctorat : Sciences agronomiques : Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL : 2005. / Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr.

Endopolygalacturonases (PGs) are the first cell wall degrading enzymes that are produced when pathogenic fungi encounter the host cell wall (Albersheim and Anderson, 1971). The role that these enzymes play in pathogenicity has been investigated for numerous pathogenic fungi. Although the results are not conclusive, there is evidence for some fungi that these enzymes are significant for their pathogenecity. Furthermore, plants contain polygalacturonase inhibiting proteins (PGIPs) in their cell walls, which are able to inhibit PGs (De Lorenzo et al, 2001; 2002). Colletotrichum SHK2148 is a pathogenic fungus causing anthracnose of lupin plants in South Africa. The identity of the fungus has been described as Colletotrichum tortuosum (Koch, 1996). However, this was based on morphological evidence only. Thus, the classification of the South African lupin- associated Colletotrichum isolates was re-assessed by comparing Colletotrichum SHK2148 on a morphological and molecular level to the recently described Colletotrichum lupinispecies (Nirenberg et al, 2002) as well as previously described Colletotrichum acutatum lupin anthracnose isolates (Talhinas et al, 2002). Based on the culture morphology, ITS and <font face=”symbol”>b</font>â-tubulin sequence data, it was concluded that Colletotrichum SHK2148 groups with C. lupini, more specifically, C. lupini var. setosum. The fungus, renamed Colletotrichum lupini SHK2148, was evaluated for its PG activity in pectin media (pH 5) over a 12 day growth period by using an agarose diffusion assay. The specific PG activity reached its highest level after three days, whereafter it decreased. Previous studies performed at the ARC, revealed that the fungus produced PG activity and this crude activity was inhibited by a PGIP produced in apple. A study was launched to isolate and characterise the gene(s) responsible for PG production. PG gene sequences from Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f.sp. malvae and Colletotrichum lindemuthianum were compared and conserved regions were identified from which primers were designed to amplify a fragment of a PG gene from C. lupini SHK2148. Inverse PCR was used to resolve the 5’ and 3’ sequences of the PG gene whereafter a complete copy of the gene was isolated from the genome of the fungus and characterised. The isolated gene was approximately 1Kb, contained a single intron of 59 bp and was very similar to the PG gene from C. gloeosporioides f.sp. malvae (cmpgII) as well as one of the PG genes (clpg2) from C. lindemuthianum. Southern blot analyses revealed that the gene was present as a single copy in the genome of the fungus. The in vitro expression of the PG gene from C. lupini SHK2148, grown in pectin media (pH 5), was investigated via northern blot analyses as well as RT-PCR, which revealed that the gene was expressed in the same time period that the highest PG activity was observed. A full cDNA copy of the PG gene was isolated using mRNA harvested from mycelia that was grown for 4 days on pectin. The cDNA copy confirmed the predicted intron position of the previously isolated genomic PG gene. Due to the unavailability of a full cDNA copy of the C. lupini SHK2148 PG gene at the time when expression studies were initiated, a complete cDNA copy was constructed by swapping an internal cDNA PG fragment with its counterpart in the complete genomic PG gene copy. The resulting cDNA PG copy was used as a template from which PG constructs were prepared for expression in Pichia pastoris. Constructs containing the PG gene with its native signal peptide, the PG gene with the β-MF signal peptide factor as well as hybrid constructs where the N terminal part of the mature PG proteins of Fusarium moniliforme and C. lupini SHK 2148 were exchanged, were transformed into P. pastoris . No PG activity was observed with an agarose diffusion assay for any of the Pichia clones. SDS-PAGE analyses were used to evaluate total protein isolations from the P. pastoris clones. The supernatant and cells of the clones were subjected to western blot analyses using antibodies directed againstAspergillus niger PG as well as F. moniliforme PG. The only positive hybridisation signal was observed between the A. niger antibody and a protein in supernatant extracts of the P. pastoris clones. However, the size of the hybridising band was very large. This could be due to glycosylation of the C. lupini SHK 2148 PG in P. pastoris, although the size increase is unusually large. The results indicated that it is unlikely that the C. lupini SHK 2148 PG was expressed in P. pastoris transformed with any of these constructs. Copyright / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Plant Science / unrestricted

The diploma thesis is aimed on verification of a posibility of using blue lupin as a proteinic fodder in pig fattening and is based on a two-phase experiment that corresponds with two-phase fattening. In the first (from 22 to 41 kg) and second (from 41 to 119 kg) phase, the control group was fed with a mixture based on extracted soybean meal, the treatment group was fed with a mix containing 10 % (first phase) and 13 % (second phase) of blue lupin. The observed statistical indicators were average daily gain in weight, average daily fodder consumption and average nutrients conversion. The first phase of the experiment resulted in growth of all of the observed indicators. The treatment group showed a nutrients conversion increased by 150 g and average daily gain in weight increased by 200 g in comparison with the control group. In the second phase of the experiment (during first 31 days), the observed indicators of the treatment group showed a drop (additional 350 g of mixture were needed for 1 kg gain in weight compared to the control group, the average daily gain was lower by 130 g). Subsequently a gradual stabilization followed, resulting in a final difference of 160 g in nutritions conversion and 50 g of average daily gain in favor of the control group. The economical effect of 34.5 CZK per fattened pig was found despite of worse indicator values in the second phase. Blue lupin has potential to be used as a substitute for soybean, but only when assuming self-sufficiency, because its availability is relatively low when compared to soybean.

No description available.

It has been proven that white lupine seeds (WLS) is a suitable crude protein (CP) source for growing-fattening rabbits, as well as for the lactating rabbit does. There are no reports, however, in the literature regarding the effect of blue lupine seeds (BLS) on rabbit doe milk production and composition as well as the growth of their litters. Therefore, the aim of this diploma thesis was to evaluate the effect of lactation and weaning diets based on BLS (Lupinus angustifolius cv Probor) on milk yield and milk composition of the rabbit does, as well as on growth performance and carcass quality of their progeny. Two lactation diets (LLB and LLU, having identical DP/DE ratio) and two weaning diets (VLB and VLU, having identical DP/DE ratio) were formulated. The LLB diet (control) contained WLS (25.0%) as the main CP sources, whereas the LLU diet was based on BLS (28.5%). As a result, the LLB diet had slightly greater ether extract content than did the LLU diet. The VLB diet (control) included WLS (12.0%) as the main CP source, whereas the VLU diet was based on BLS (15.0%). No additional fat was added to any of the diets. A total of 32 Hyplus rabbit does (16 animals per treatment; at the 3rd parturition) were fed 1 of the 2 lactation diets during the entire lactation (35 days). Does were housed in modified cages which allowed controlled suckling (once a day at 7 am) and separate access of does and their litters to feed. Feed intake and milk yield were measured daily during the entire lactation period, whereas litter weight was measured every 7 d. Milk yield was measured by weighing the rabbit does immediately before and after suckling. Five does of each group were used to evaluate milk composition. Milk was collected manually at d 21 of lactation. The litters were standardized to 9 kits on the day of birth. Litters were offered weaning diets with the same CP source as in the lactation diet of their mothers from d 17 to 80 of age. At d 37 of age (weaning), 99 rabbits on each weaning diet were used to evaluate growth performance and health. Feed intake, feed efficiency and milk production of does (on average 263 g/d) were not affected by dietary treatments, as well as milk efficiency (on average 0.59) and the growth of their litters (on average 30.4 g/d per rabbit). Live weight at weaning (P=0.005), milk dry matter (P=0.028) and fat contents (P=0.016), as well as fat output per kg of metabolic weight (P<0.001) were higher in does fed the WLS diet. After weaning, final live weight (by 168 g; P=0.061), average daily weight gain (by 3 g/d; P=0,024) and carcass weights were lower in rabbits fed the diet based on BLS than in those fed with the WLS diet. The number of ill + dead rabbits caused by digestive disease was lower (23 rabbits vs. 38 rabbits; P=0.042) in rabbits fed the diet based on WLS. The results of the diploma thesis confirmed that WLS is a suitable CP source for the rabbit diets. Negative findings such as a higher mobilisation of body reserves of does in the later phase of lactation, as well as the lower final live weight and the higher sanitary risk index of rabbits fed the diets based on blue lupine seeds suggest difference between lupine species in terms of feed efficiency. These findings should be elucidated and confirmed by the comparing with other blue lupine varieties.

L’objectif de cette étude est de valoriser des coproduits végétaux tout en proposant une alternative biosourcée, économique et performante aux tensioactifs classiques. Des émulsions de type huile-dans-eau sont fabriquées à partir de poudres végétales finement broyées comme seul matériel tensioactif. Les systèmes dispersés qui en résultent, stabilisés par des particules solides, sont des émulsions dites de Pickering. La première partie de ce manuscrit décrit l’influence du procédé d’émulsification (rotorstator en régime turbulent, ultrasons et homogénéisation haute pression) et des paramètres de formulation sur les propriétés d’émulsions stabilisées par de la poudre de cacao. Le rôle des différentes fractions de la poudre est déterminé et le phénomène de coalescence limitée propre aux émulsions de Pickering est étudié. Nous mettons en évidence une évolution structurale des particules (« dépliement ») sous l’effet du cisaillement appliqué lors de l’émulsification, permettant d’augmenter leur performance en tant qu’agents stabilisants. L’influence de la nature végétale est explorée en élargissant l’étude à des poudres de compositions différentes issues de tourteaux de colza et de lupin. La stabilité de ces émulsions face à l’élimination de la phase continue est ensuite évaluée au regard de la technique de séchage, par lyophilisation et atomisation. Des émulsions sèches riches en huile et redispersables dans l’eau sont ainsi obtenues. Enfin, le pouvoir antioxydant des poudres végétales avant et après séchage des émulsions est caractérisé. / This study aimed at valorizing vegetal byproducts while offering a bio-sourced, cheap and efficient alternative to conventional surfactants. Oil-in-water emulsions were obtained from finely ground plant powders as the only surfactant material. The resulting dispersed systems, stabilized by solid particles, are so-called Pickering emulsions. The first part of this manuscript describes the influence of the emulsification process (rotor-stator in turbulent regime, sonication and high-pressure homogenization) and of the formulation parameters on the properties of emulsions stabilized by cocoa powder. The role of the different fractions of the powder was determined and a phenomenon characteristic of Pickering emulsions, namely limited coalescence, was identified. We evidenced a structural evolution of the particles ("unwrapping") under the effect of the shear applied during the emulsification process, allowing to increase their performance as stabilizing agents. The influence of the vegetal origin was explored by extending the study to powders deriving from rapeseed and lupin oilcakes. The stability of these emulsions with respect to the elimination of the continuous phase was evaluated using 2 drying techniques, freeze-drying and spray-drying. Dry emulsions rich in oil and redispersable in water were obtained. Finally, the antioxidant properties of vegetable powders before and after the drying process were characterized.

No description available.

Invaziniai augalai – tai sparčiai plintantys augalai. Jie įsikuria įvairiose buveinėse, jas smarkiai pakeičia arba net visai sunaikina. Vienas iš aplinkai pavojingų augalų laikomas gausialapis lubinas. Jis yra įtrauktas į Lietuvos augalų sąrašą, kuriuos reikia išnaikinti. Todėl šito augalo populiacijų tyrimai yra labai svarbus. Darbo tikslas – nustatyti gausialapio lubino (Lupinus polyphyllus) populiacijų demografinę sudėtį ir ištirti dauginimąsi skirtingomis ekologinėmis sąlygomis. Tyrimai atlikti 2008 ir 2010 metais. Kiekvienoje populiacijoje tyrimams 2008 metais buvo parinkta po du laukus. Tyrimams buvo rinkti gausialapio lubino individų šaknys ir įvertinti jų antžeminių dalių rodikliai. Laboratorijoje buvo atlikti šaknų kaklelio herbochronologiniai tyrimai. Tyrimams 2010 metais gausialapio lubino populiacijos buvo pasirinktos dvi vietos iš tų kurios buvo tirtos 2008 metais. Kiekvienoje populiacijoje buvo pasirinkta po 30 gausialapio lubino kerų, iš to kero pasirinkta po vieną žydinti stiebą. Tyrimo metu buvo įvertinti kiekvieno žiedyno parametrai. Tyrimo metu nustatyta, kad visos tirtos gausialapio lubino populiacijos nėra labai tankios. Pagal amžiaus grupes visos tirtos populiacijos turėjo ir generatyvinių, ir vegetatyvinių gausialapio lubino individų ir jų skaičius skirtingose populiacijose buvo įvairus. Pagal daugumą morfologinių generatyvinių ir vegetatyvinių individų požymių visos keturios populiacijos skiriasi nedaug. Pagal amžių tirtos populiacijos yra skirtingos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Invasion plants are widely spread plants. They grow in different places, they are changed very much or even annihilated entirely. One of the most dangerous plants for environment is washington lupin. It is included in Lithuania plants list, which should be annihilated. Therefore investigations of this plant populiations are very important. The aim of the work is to determine demographic composition of populiations of washington lupin (Lupinus polyphyllus) and to investigate its reproduction in different ecological conditions. Investigations were made in 2008 and 2010 years. For each populiation of 2008 year investigations two fields were chosen. For investigations individuals roots of washington lupin were chosen and their overground parts readings were taken. Roots necks herbochronological investigations were made in laboratory. For 2010 year investigations of washington lupin populations, two places frons earlier investigated in 2008 year places, were chosen. In each population 30 bushes of washington lupin were chosen, from this bush one blooming stem was chosen. While investigating each floscule parameters were taken. While investigating it was ascertained that all investigated washington lupin populations were not very thick. As far as age group is concerned, all investigated populations ha generative and vegetative washington lupin individuals and their quantity in different populations were different. By majority of morphological generative and vegetative individuals... [to full text]