The diploma thesis "The future of human exoplanet settlement from the present point of view" is focused on the analysis of the development of the urban compo-sition of the city for the purpose of finding the most suitable concept of the set-tlement. Its foundation is hypothetically put on some of the planets outside the solar system, where could be comparable conditions as on Earth. Installation in these extreme conditions is chosen deliberately so that the essential aspects of the urban layout come to the fore. In this way it is possible at the same time to verify the presumption of stability of the basic assumptions of a functional city and ap-ply the final conclusions in the current conditions as well.

This diploma thesis deals with optimization of planar antennas on the Electromagnetic Bandgap (EBG) substrates by the help of Ant Colony Optimization (ACO). This method is based on the communications mechanisms of a real ant colony. Firstly, the working principle of the planar antennas and the theory of the Ant Colony Optimization are analyzed. Next, the description of the working principle of the Electromagnetic Bandgap and generally physical phenomena accompanying electromagnetic waves propagation in a periodic medium are given. In the second part of this thesis, the ACO was implemented into the VBA language, and was applied to two models of planar antennas. These models were created in the CST Microwave Studio. After an optimization of the antennas the results were evaluated, and the optimization of one of the antennas was compared to the optimization methods in CST Microwave Studio. Then, the standard substrate of the second model was replaced by the EBG substrate, and the results were confronted. Two types of EBG lattice were used. The design procedure of the square lattice was described, and the dispersion diagram was created in the CST Microwave Studio. In the final part of thesis, the verification of the results was carried out in Ansoft HFSS, and the results from both simulation programs were compared to each other.

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is an infrastructure-less multi-hop network where each node communicates with other nodes directly or indirectly through intermediate nodes. Thus, all nodes in a MANET basically function as mobile routers participating in some routing protocol required for deciding and maintaining the routes. Since MANETs are infrastructure-less, self-organizing, rapidly deployable wireless networks, they are highly suitable for applications such as military tactical operations, search and rescue missions, disaster relief operations, and target tracking. Building such ad-hoc networks poses a significant technical challenge because of energy constraints and specifically in relation to the application of wireless network protocols. As a result of its highly dynamic and distributed nature, the routing layer within the wireless network protocol stack, presents one of the key technical challenges in MANETs. In particular, energy efficient routing may be the most important design criterion for MANETs since mobile nodes are powered by batteries with limited capacity and variable recharge frequency, according to application demand. In order to conserve power it is essential that a routing protocol be designed to guarantee data delivery even should most of the nodes be asleep and not forwarding packets to other nodes. Load distribution constitutes another important approach to the optimisation of active communication energy. Load distribution enables the maximisation of the network lifetime by facilitating the avoidance of over-utilised nodes when a route is in the process of being selected. Routing algorithms for mobile networks that attempt to optimise routes while at- tempting to retain a small message overhead and maximise the network lifetime has been put forward. However certain of these routing protocols have proved to have a negative impact on node and network lives by inadvertently over-utilising the energy resources of a small set of nodes in favour of others. The conservation of power and careful sharing of the cost of routing packets would ensure an increase in both node and network lifetimes. This thesis proposes simultaneously, by using an ant colony optimisation (ACO) approach, to optimise five power-aware metrics that do result in energy-efficient routes and also to maximise the MANET's lifetime while taking into consideration a realistic mobility model. By using ACO algorithms a set of optimal solutions - the Pareto-optimal set - is found. This thesis proposes five algorithms to solve the multi-objective problem in the routing domain. The first two algorithms, namely, the energy e±ciency for a mobile network using a multi-objective, ant colony optimisation, multi-pheromone (EEMACOMP) algorithm and the energy efficiency for a mobile network using a multi-objective, ant colony optimisation, multi-heuristic (EEMACOMH) algorithm are both adaptations of multi-objective, ant colony optimisation algorithms (MOACO) which are based on the ant colony system (ACS) algorithm. The new algorithms are constructive which means that in every iteration, every ant builds a complete solution. In order to guide the transition from one state to another, the algorithms use pheromone and heuristic information. The next two algorithms, namely, the energy efficiency for a mobile network using a multi-objective, MAX-MIN ant system optimisation, multi-pheromone (EEMMASMP) algorithm and the energy efficiency for a mobile network using a multi-objective, MAX- MIN ant system optimisation, multi-heuristic (EEMMASMH) algorithm, both solve the above multi-objective problem by using an adaptation of the MAX-MIN ant system optimisation algorithm. The last algorithm implemented, namely, the energy efficiency for a mobile network using a multi-objective, ant colony optimisation, multi-colony (EEMACOMC) algorithm uses a multiple colony ACO algorithm. From the experimental results the final conclusions may be summarised as follows:<ul><li> Ant colony, multi-objective optimisation algorithms are suitable for mobile ad hoc networks. These algorithms allow for high adaptation to frequent changes in the topology of the network. </li><li> All five algorithms yielded substantially better results than the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) in terms of the quality of the solution. </li><li> All the results prove that the EEMACOMP outperforms the other four ACO algorithms as well as the NSGA-II algorithm in terms of the number of solutions, closeness to the true Pareto front and diversity. </li></ul> / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Computer Science / unrestricted

Orientador: Nilson Ghirardello / Resumo: Durante o século XIX, principalmente a partir de 1850, o império brasileiro planejou a instalação de colônias militares que deveriam ser implantadas por todo o território. Enquanto na maioria dos países o problema é a falta de espaço geográfico, no Brasil, a imensidão de terras constituiu-se como permanente preocupação dos administradores. Assim, as colônias militares tinham por principal função promover a “povoação e cultura agrícola” de determinadas regiões, bem como a de “policiar e proteger” o interior do país. Ambos os modelos, colônias militares e civis, representavam, antes de tudo, um esforço de levar a “civilização” e marcar presença em locais não ocupados ou mal ocupados pelo homem branco. Na província de São Paulo duas colônias foram implantadas: Itapura e Avanhandava; sendo a primeira, motivo de alguns trabalhos acadêmicos, e a segunda jamais pesquisada. O trabalho proposto pretende estudar a Colônia Militar do Avanhandava, buscando definir os primórdios de sua formação, ocupação inicial e administração. Visa ainda, analisar o material textual e cartográfico coletado em Arquivos Públicos sobre a colônia, especialmente plantas e projetos nunca antes trazidos à luz. O objetivo é demonstrar que havia um ideal que estava além de demarcar, vigiar e proteger o território; mas principalmente, implantar estabelecimentos sob projeto racional, cujas bases parecem vir de colônias militares romanas somadas às questões urbanas do século XIX. O propósito era construir em meio à... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: During the nineteenth century, especially from 1850 on, the Brazilian empire planned the installation of military colonies that should be implanted throughout the territory. While in most countries the problem is the lack of geographic space, in Brazil the immensity of territory has been a permanent concern of the administrators. Thus, the military colonies had as main goal to promote the population and also the agricultural culture of certain regions, as well to keep under control and protect the countryside. Both models, military and civilian colonies, were, above all, an effort to bring “civilization” into the interior of the country and to be present in unoccupied or poorly occupied places by the white man. In the Province of São Paulo two colonies were built: Itapura and Avanhandava; being Itapura, subject for some academic research, and Avanhandava has never been studied. This dissertation intends to study the Military Colony of Avanhandava, searching to define the beginnings of formation, initial occupation and administration. It also aims to analyze the textual and cartographic material collected in Public Archives about the colony, especially plants and projects never before brought to light. The objective is to demonstrate there was an ideal that was beyond demarcating, overseeing and protecting the territory; but mainly, the goal of determining settlements under a rational design, whose bases seems to come from roman military colonies added to urban issues of the 1... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Natural strains of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae growing on solid médium form structured, biofilm -like colonies. This ability is depended on the surface adhesin Flo11p. The expression of the FLO11 gene is upregulated by the RNA-binding protein Whi3p, which is likely to have a negative effect on the level of the transcription factor Yap6p. The aim of this study was to determine whether Yap6p affects colony morphology and FLO11 expression. Analysis of FLO11 expression using the fluorescent proteins pFlo11-GFP and Flo11p-DsRed in WHI3-deletion strains demonstrated a negative effect of Yap6p on FLO11 expression and confirmed changes in the effect of Yap6p on FLO11 expression in the presence of NaCl. In the strain overexpressing YAP6, the fluorescence values of pFlo11-GFP and Flo11p-DsRed were lower than in the strain with deletion of the YAP6 and in the presence of NaCl there was observed the largest increase in fluorescence. Although Yap6 protein is thought to have a negative effect on FLO11 expression under standard culture conditions, it seems to be responsible for a significant increase in FLO11 expression in the presence of mild osmotic stress. In WHI3-deletion strains, there was observed a significant increase in structuredness of colonies growing in the presence of NaCl. Analysis of structured...

Magister Artium - MA / In this paper I attempt to look critically at the literary construction of one particular 'race', namely the 'Coloureds'. In Sarah Gertrude Millin's God's Stepchildren. To this end, the paper draws on the hlstorlcal background of Millin, and investigates the way in which Millin has consciously and strateglcally forrned, as it were, a 'unique' Coloured Identity. Furthermore, the paper explores the proximity or tension between author and narrator in the novel. This tension, i suggest, emerges In response to various pressures In the novel which in tum are based upon the author's social, . political and economic background. Evidence to this effect is derived from Millin's biography and other sources. What emerges from the paper Is that the concepts 'race' and 'Coloured', as they are employed In this novel, are equally elusive. In attempting to piece together a 'race', the novel communicates Millin's aversion to miscegenation, and discloses characteristics of her 'self. Ironically, I conclude, she falls prey to the same kinds of prejudices that she projects onto her literary subjects

Magister Artium - MA / Harriott is asleep under a jacaranda tree in her daughter's lush Escombe garden. Escombe is no longer part of the Natal Colony, the Natal Colony exists only in the minds of people like Harriott. Escombe, though still in the same place it's always been, is now part of the Union of South Africa. It is the 20th of January 1923. Harriott has lived in the Natal Colony for thirty years exactly. She has been married for only one day less. Dorothy's garden Is wonderful, but according to Harriott, not as wonderful as it could be with a little more effort. Dorothy's bougainvillea are a riot of cerise, peach and white. Her dipladenias climbing the pillars of the front veranda - a profusion of pink. The creamy day Iillies are in full bloom. The lavender is a field of purple and the plumbago hedge, where dragon-like Harriott is asleep under a jacaranda tree in her daughter's lush Escombe garden. The barometer has dropped. Harriott does not notice the thickening of the air, nor the band of dampness spreading along her back. Her chair is covered with blankets and a white sheep fleece. It Is the day-bed of a woman whose own padding has melted away, whose bones are dissolving, whose joints have swollen over. 'It won't be long,' whispers Herbert to his bride as they lie side by side sweltering in the room next to Harriott's, the door ajar so Dorothy can hear her if she calls out. 'I'm afraid, it won't be for very much longer, my dear.' chameleons lurk, is thick with blue ... a cool blue ud at t he bottom of the garden, Dorothy thinks. Boy is hard pressed to kee~~~~~~~~~i_~~~~ go, paw-paw and avocado trees. Harriott pays little heed to t ~ e for her lawns, beds, shrubs, Harriott's book is lying on the grass. It is a very slim volume, the slimmest she owns and the latest addition to her collection, thanks to dear Rose who tracked it down somewhere in London and sent it over. Harriott cannot hold anything heavier than the slimmest of books, nor can she make.

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The majority of organic waste globally is either dumped or placed on landfills, which can result in spreading of disease and pests, methane gas emissions, the deterioration of landscapes and odour pollution. One of the solutions to poor organic waste management is to create value from waste. A way to do this is with black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae (BSFL) composting. The interest for BSFL composting has increased the past 10 years mainly because it is a technology with relatively low investment costs. The part of the process where the seed larvae that are used in the treatment are produced is called BSF-colony. Producing seed larvae in an efficient way is an important part of the technology’s feasibility. However, there is limited research published on BSF-colony management, especially on a larger scale. The aim of the study was to investigate the factors that impact the efficiency of the BSF-colony on a large scale BSFL composting company in Kenya in a semi-open setting. The efficiency of the BSF-colony management was assessed in terms of emergence rate (percentage of pupa that emerge as flies), hatching rate (percentage of eggs that hatch and survive to 5 day old larva) and number of eggs laid per female BSF. The result of the study suggests that parasitic wasps (Dirhinus giffardii) can reduce the emergence rate significantly, and high temperatures and water shortage for the adult BSF can reduce the egg production. Observations made during the study indicate that personnel routines and how the BSF-colony is arranged also could affect the egg production significantly. The overall variation in the results suggests that other factors, beyond the ones investigated in the study, impact the efficiency of the BSF-colony, and further research regarding BSF-colony management is recommended / Merparten av det organiska avfallet i världen dumpas eller läggs på deponier, vilket kan leda till spridning av sjukdomar och skadedjur, utsläpp av metangas, förstörelse av landskap och luktföroreningar. En av lösningarna på bristfällig hantering av organiskt avfall är att skapa värde av avfallet. Ett sätt att göra det är med hjälp av fluglarvskompostering med amerikansk soldatfluga (Hermetia illucens). Intresset för fluglarvskompostering har ökat under de senaste tio åren, främst på grund av att det är en teknik som inte behöver innebära höga investeringskostnader. Flugkolonin är den del av processen där sättlarverna som användes i komposteringen produceras. Att sättlarver produceras på ett effektivt sätt är en viktig del av teknikens genomförbarhet. Det finns dock begränsad forskning publicerad om effektivisering av flugkolonier, speciellt sådan som berör storskaliga kolonier. Syftet med studien var att undersöka vilka faktorer som påverkar flugkolonins effektivitet på ett storskaligt fluglarvskomposteringsföretag i Kenya i en halvöppen miljö. Flugkolonins effektivitet bedömdes i termer av metamorfosfrekvens (den andel av pupporna som blir flugor), antalet lagda ägg per fluga och kläckningsfrekvens (den andel ägg som kläcks och överlever till 5-7 dagar gamla larver). Resultatet av studien tyder på att parasitsteklar kan minska metamorfosfrekvensen avsevärt, och att höga temperaturer samt vattenbrist kan minska äggproduktionen. De observationer som gjordes under studien tyder på att personalens rutiner och hur flugkolonin är anordnad också kan påverka äggproduktionen avsevärt. Den relativt stora variationen i alla resultat tyder på att andra faktorer än de som undersökts i studien påverkar flugkolonins effektivitet, fortsatta studier inom effektivisering av flugkolonier rekommenderas