Diante da violência moral promovida pela prática da discriminação racial no ambiente escolar, a presente pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar a representação que estudantes têm de tal prática, bem como os valores e sentimentos subjacentes a ela. Utilizando como referencial teórico-metodológico a Teoria dos Modelos Organizadores do Pensamento, foi apresentado um conflito representando tal violência moral a 120 estudantes entre meninos e meninas do 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental de escolas públicas uma municipal e outra estadual da cidade de São Paulo. O conflito apresentado foi dividido em três situações, sob a forma de dez questões, que abrangem aspectos relacionados aos pensamentos, sentimentos e ações dos protagonistas. Das respostas às questões relacionadas à ação, foram extraídos os modelos organizadores com os quais, posteriormente, foram relacionados e analisados os sentimentos apresentados. A partir dos resultados obtidos, deparamo-nos com inúmeras possibilidades de reflexões, que suscitam discussões sobre os seguintes aspectos: o funcionamento psíquico do indivíduo submetido à prática da discriminação racial, suas implicações no processo educativo e a importância da intervenção consciente do (a) educador (a). / Facing the moral violence promoted by the practice of racial discrimination in the school environment, the present research aims to investigate the representation that students have of such practice, as well as its underlying values and feelings. Using as theoretical-methodological reference the Theory of Organizing Models of Thought, a conflict representing such moral violence was presented to 120 students between boys and girls in the 9th year of Elementary Education in public schools one municipal and the other state, in the city of São Paulo. The conflict shown was divided into three situations, in the form of ten questions covering aspects related to the thoughts, feelings and actions of the protagonists. From the answers to the questions related to action, organizing models were extracted, and subsequently used to list and analyze the feelings presented. Starting from the results obtained, we came across innumerable possibilities for reflections, giving rise to discussions on the following aspects: the psychological functioning of the individual who has been subjected to the practice of racial discrimination, its implications in the educational process and the importance of conscious intervention from the educator.

This paper presents the complexity of peacebuilding by looking at different types of peacebuilding models. To understand the peacebuilding models, this paper reviews different scholarly pieces of literature on the topic of peacebuilding. Furthermore, the paper focuses on the case of Somalia to determine the suitable peacebuilding model for Somalia. Somalia has faced one of the longest civil wars in Africa after the collapse of the government. To propose suitable peacebuilding for Somalia, the paper reviews different types of peacebuilding attempts that were conducted in Somalia by both international organizations and local peacemakers. These processes include an UN-led top-down approach and a bottom-up approach initiated by elders and local respected individuals. From reviewing different types of peacebuilding literature, the finding reveals conflict resolution specifically Ramsbotham et al (2011) as the best suitable peacebuilding model for Somalia.

Linked Data have emerged as a successful publication format which could mean to structured data what Web meant to documents. The strength of Linked Data is in its fitness for integration of data from multiple sources. Linked Data integration opens door to new opportunities but also poses new challenges. New algorithms and tools need to be developed to cover all steps of data integration. This thesis examines the established data integration proceses and how they can be applied to Linked Data, with focus on data fusion and conflict resolution. Novel algorithms for Linked Data fusion are proposed and the task of supporting trust with provenance information and quality assessment of fused data is addressed. The proposed algorithms are implemented as part of a Linked Data integration framework ODCleanStore.

Since 2008 with the Russo-Georgian war we observe the gradual deterioration of relations between Russia and the European Union which achieves its apogee during the Ukrainian crisis and the annexation of Crimea. The cultural approach is to be applied for understanding and exploration of the conflict: its reasons and mechanism. The work is aimed to define conflicting beliefs and values, considering them on a cultural basis. The current escalation of relationships is reviewed as a cultural conflict, the author claims different mentality as one of the influential factors and possible dimensions of conflict analysis. This work also points out internal cultural mechanisms and features provoking aggressive external policy and considers cultural identity as a container of ideas which justify and originate opposition and conflict with other cultures. This work is an attempt to introduce a concept of an individual's mentality, to link personal and group mentality and find out how cultural meaning content influences on formation of a personal mindset - a system of personal beliefs and values. Research part consists of preliminary comparative questionnaire-based survey with 30 respondents, secondary analysis of World Value Survey, and 10 depth interviews based on 3 survey questions, analyzed by means of mental...

Recent empirical studies have suggested that the implementation of a comprehensive peace agreement is the primary predictor of whether or not peace will last after a civil war. However, it is less certain what factors that lead to high implementation rates of peace agreements. Qualitative research has suggested that state capacity is a necessary condition for peace agreement implementation. Quantitively the relationship between state capacity and peace agreement implementation has only been controlled for in two studies. In this paper it is argued that this relationship has not been studied in a sufficient manner in either of them. Consequently, this study measures the relationship between state capacity and peace agreement implementation rate, operationalizing state capacity as the extraction rate and political reach of the state. This relationship is tested on 34 comprehensive peace agreements during the years of 1989 to 2015. However, the hypothesis did not find support as extraction rate has a negative correlation while political reach has a positive correlation. These findings are significant as they further the study on peace agreement implementation rate; how best to measure state capacity and moreover these findings can become important for what policies to prioritize in order to increase the implementation rate concerning peace agreements.

Can positive messaging on social media promote peacebuilding in Myanmar? It is argued that social cognitive communication campaigns reversing negative symbolic interactionism on social networks could be the answer. This paper finds that there has been only one significant campaign, MIDO’s Pan Zagar, to use positive messaging on social media. Whilst the numbers of people that engaged with it suggest that this was popular, there is not enough evidence to determine if this had any behavioural change. However, an opinion survey and interviews show that there is potential to leverage counter narratives towards building peace – especially by harnessing the popularity of the major platform Facebook to both monitor and publish content influencing people towards peaceful behaviour.

A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Arts in fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor Of Philosophy (Phd) in the Department of History at the University Of Zululand, 2018 / The study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of the Institute for Peace and Conflict Resolution (IPCR) on peacebuilding and conflict prevention in Nigeria from 2000 to 2014. Established by the government as it transitioned to democratic governance in 2000, IPCR was mandated to identify the root causes of violent conflict in Nigeria through research and provide possible solutions through evidence-informed policy and practice options, and promotion of peacebuilding strategies. Recurring violent conflicts had not only destroyed several lives and property and displaced millions from their homes, but had also retarded the nation’s growth and development. Drawing from extensive sources of qualitative and quantitative data, the study examined the peacebuilding evidence that had worked and did not work for IPCR, and why, through conflict analysis model, theories of change and intervention theory for organizational development. Through historical, evaluative and descriptive analysis, the study found out that the Institute had within fifteen years of its history contributed to the promotion of peace through design and implementation of relevant, effective and efficient peacebuilding programmes for communities, women, youth, media, legislators, public servants, traditional, religious leaders and civil society. These groups of beneficiaries are the study’s target population. There was a strong evidence to argue that the impact of the interventions were mostly in short-term as it had impacted on the mind and work of beneficiaries but not enough to manage the underlying factors behind the recurrence of violent conflict in Nigeria. Nigeria often relapsed into more violence as soon as it gained some respite. Therefore, to achieve its mandate in the long, coherent and sustainable terms, the study suggests that the Institute must scale up its programmes to drastically stem the tide of violence through community peacebuilding. IPCR must make itself more visible at the community level because that was where most violent conflict originated. While the study recognized the fact that, though, the prevalence and complexity of underlying drivers of conflict in Nigeria were far beyond the ambit of one agency, it recommends the Institute to deepen and broaden its partnership and networks for greater peacebuilding impact. Similarly, the government needs to prioritize peace and security by increasing funding and giving sustainable support to IPCR as a democratic institution. Though much of its intervention impact still needed to be studied and learned, the study contends that better and more expanded programmes will make peacebuilding more effective and promote Nigeria’s peace in the long-term.

This constructivist grounded theory study will explore the possibility that early socio-cultural experience in concert with innate cognitive mechanisms are essential components of a dual process of decision-making. Each element may influence conflict actors toward predictable predispositional behaviors manifest as bias. Specifically, we are concerned that these biases will influence the perceived and actual neutrality of the principle mediator thus compromising a mediation success. The presence of these predispositions in both mediators and conflict stakeholder challenges the validity of the conclusions in other research that does not consider the true impact of cultural dissonance on more than a superficial insinuation of social facts. This will be accomplished through interrogating data yielded through content analysis of the actors’ use of language both spoken and written utilizing the techniques used in grounded theory studies.

The family law system effectuates case outcomes affecting the lives of parents, children, and society through court orders imposing important life decisions upon divorcing or unmarried parents, children, and post divorce families. While some cases are resolved in alternative dispute resolution forums, others enter the courtroom and judicial decisions cause unintended consequences for millions of adults and children each year. This research details a parent’s suboptimal family law system experience caused by judicial decision-making, highlighting the need to examine the causes of unintended systemic outcomes. The purpose of this research is to raise awareness and provide justification for systemic reform to prevent unintended consequences of court ordered outcomes caused by underlying structural violence. Conflicting objectives of litigants and problem solvers are investigated to determine the causes of systemic failures so recommendations for improved outcomes can be formulated. Theories of justice, civil rights, public policy, systems, structural violence, and nonviolence are integral components of this research. Applied theory in the context of the researcher’s experience highlights the need to address this social system issue while demonstrating the system intended to resolve disputes actually exacerbates conflict, resulting in more disputes. This research contributes to the literature because many litigants are unable to share their stories due to their oppressed condition within the system. This autoethnography documents the effects of a social system for conflict management gone awry and establishes a foundation to promote dialogue in support of a new way to manage disputes that is conducive to conflict resolution instead of conflict escalation.

This qualitative research case study explored the indigenous model of conflict resolution known as the “Judiyya,” in the South Darfur State, Sudan. The purpose of the study has been to understand the principles and practices of the Judiyya in maintaining peace among Darfuri tribal communities. Judiyya is a community-based, human-centered model that employs restorative and transformative principles in conflict resolution. The literature review provided context for a research project that addressed the following questions: What is the role of the Judiyya in the current situation? How does the model work? What are its decision-making processes? How does the Judiyya model relate to the International Human Rights Standards? The primary data sources include face-to-face interviews, researcher observations, and a review of document collections and archival records. Research findings explore five emergent themes: Religion or belief system, Elderly leadership, Trust, Effectiveness, and Legitimacy. These explain the model’s process and practices and offer to policymakers some new ideas and perspectives about how to understand and use the indigenous model, which is evaluated for strengths and challenges. The model remains relevant and continues to thrive around the greater Darfur area, helping tribal communities maintain harmony, coexistence, and peace. This research contributes to the emerging literature about the relevance of endogenous knowledge and indigenous models of conflict resolution, and the ongoing efforts to better understand the cultural context of conflict and its reconciliation process.