No description available.

[pt] As atuais pesquisas em Ergonomia do Ambiente Construído investigam os usuários e sua relação com o ambiente através de métodos específicos com foco na Ergonomia física e na percepção do usuário. Pretende-se nessa pesquisa analisar o Método Constelação de Atributos orientada para a percepção do usuário e a partir desta, propor um novo método. O estudo do método, bem como sua aplicação será exemplificado através de pesquisa realizada utilizando as cozinhas residenciais como aplicação prática da pesquisa. A cozinha é um dos ambientes que mais tem sofrido sensíveis mudanças nos aspectos sociais, econômicos, tecnológicos, ergonômicos, entre outros. Faz-se um resgate histórico desde espaço desde a Idade Média até as atuais cozinhas utilizadas pela sociedade brasileira. Realiza-se uma busca pelas legislações e normas técnicas que definem os espaços de cozinhas em apartamentos multifamiliares, através dos Códigos de Obra e Edificações de seis capitais brasileiras e avalia-se a Norma NBR 14033 que trata de mobiliário de cozinhas residenciais. Durante a realização desta pesquisa avaliou-se o Método Constelação de Atributos sua aplicação e resultados em uma pesquisa aplicada e ainda, em outras duas dissertações de mestrado onde o método também foi utilizado. A partir de análises realizadas propõe-se uma nova metodologia como forma de aprimorar e qualificar os atributos atribuídos a um ambiente construído por parte de especialistas e usuários, fundamentado na metodologia já existente. A nova metodologia é aplicada a um grupo de especialistas e usuários na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Conclui-se o trabalho com a definição detalhada de uma nova metodologia de investigação da percepção do usuário frente ao ambiente construído. / [en] The current research in the Built Environment Ergonomics investigate users and their relation ship to the environment through specific methods with focus on ergonomics physical and perception of the user. It is intended that research examine the existing methodologies for user perception and propose a new method. The target system used in this study are the home kitchens, this environment has been more sensitive to changes in social, economic, technological, ergonomic, and others. It is a historical review from space since the Middle Ages to today s kitchens used by Brazilian society. Held a search for the laws and technical standards that define the spaces of kitchens in apartments multifamily, through the Building Codes Work and in six Brazilian cities and assesses the technical standard NBR 14033 of furniture that comes from home kitchens. During this research evaluated the Constellation Method Attributes its application and results in experimental research and two dissertations where the method was also applied. From the analysis carried out and some pre-tests performed developed a new methodology as a way to enhance and qualify the attributes assigned to an environment built by experts and users. So, we propose a new method based on existing methodology. The new methodology is applied to a group of experts and users in Rio de Janeiro. It is working with the detailed definition of a new methodology for the investigation of perception of the user facing the built environment.

Cookbooks have a unique ability to record women.s history, both private and public. Cookbooks transmit not only instructions for preparing specific dishes, but also the values of class, race and gender of the times and places in which they are created. This study will focus on several such cookbooks produced by Louisiana women in the mid-twentieth century, from the 1930s to the 1970s. Different though these works are, they collectively demonstrate that the best cookbook authors are purveyors not only of recipes, but also of class values, ethnic relations and folklore, and gender models that one generation of women endeavors to transmit to the next. Most important, this study will argue that these cookbooks provide a rich and penetrating insight into the class structure in rural Louisiana, race and accomplishment in an era of segregation, and the role of gender in domestic and professional occupation.

No description available.

MA (Xitsonga) / Ehansi ka Senthara ya M. E. R. Mathivha ya Tindzimi ta Afrika, Vutshila ni Ndhavuko / See the attached abstract below

This project aims to take the investigation of food in early modern drama, in itself a relatively new field, in a new direction. It does this by shifting the critical focus from food-based metaphors to food-based properties and food-producing cook characters. This shift reveals exciting, unexpected, and hitherto unnoticed contexts. In The Taming of the Shrew and Titus Andronicus, which were written during William Shakespeare’s inn-yard playhouse period, the playwright exploits these exceptionally aromatic venues in order to trigger site-specific responses to food-based scenes in these plays. Ben Jonson’s Bartholomew Fair brings fair-appropriate gingerbread properties onstage. When we look beneath the surface of this food effect to its bread and wine ingredients, however, it reveals a subtext that satirizes the theory of transubstantiation. Jonson expands on this theme by using Ursula’s cooking fire (a property staged in Jonson’s representation of Smithfield’s Bartholomew Fair) to engage with the prison narrative of Anne Askew, who was burned to death in front of Bartholomew Priory on the historic Smithfield for denying the doctrine of transubstantiation. This thesis also investigates water, which, for early moderns, was a complex and quasi-mystical liquid: it was a primary element, it washed sin from the world during the Great Flood, it was a marker of status, it was a medicine, and it was a cookery ingredient. Christopher Marlowe not only uses dirty water to humiliate his doomed monarch in Edward II, but he also uses it to apportion blame to the king for his own downfall. In Timon of Athens, Shakespeare draws on the theory of the elements to cast Timon as a man of water, who, Jesus-like, breaks up and divides (or splashes around) his body at his “last” supper. Fully-fledged cook characters were a relative rarity on the early modern stage. This project looks at two exceptions: Furnace in Philip Massinger’s A New Way to Pay Old Debts and the unnamed master cook in John Fletcher’s The Tragedy of Rollo, Duke of Normandy. Both playwrights use their respective gastronomic geniuses to demonstrate the danger that lower-order expertise poses to the upper classes when society is in flux. Finally, this project demonstrates that a link existed between ornate domestic food effects and alchemy. It shows how Philip Massinger’s The Great Duke of Florence and Thomas Middleton’s Women, Beware Women use food properties associated with alchemy to satirize notions of perfection in their play-worlds.

[pt] O alimento se encontra intimamente ligado aos sentimentos. Sentimentos de alegria, de celebração, sentimentos religiosos; sentimentos de superioridade ou inferioridade, quando é usado para marcar distinções na hierarquia social. A necessidade de alimentar-se sendo uma exigência vital pouco flexível quanto à freqüência e quantidade mínimas, se presta aos mais diversos atos de exercício do poder. O controle da comida sempre foi um meio de controlar a vida, e assim a subordinação e a conduta de outros seres humanos. As condições do Rio de Janeiro durante a República Velha permitem estudar como as elites urbanas emergentes, empenhadas em modernizar a cidade para, a através do seu novo aspecto, melhorar o prestígio do país no exterior desfazendo-se da imagem de nação antiquada, adotaram modelos franceses e ingleses de conduta e que papel coube à comida e à forma de comer nesse esforço proposto como civilizador. Esta tese examina os costumes alimentares do ponto de vista da prática gastronômica, estabelecendo a história dos principais elementos da cozinha refinada, em particular do restaurante e do termo gastronomia, para, a seguir, analisar o destino que esta importação francesa teve no Rio de Janeiro da República Velha. / [en] Food is intimately related to feelings. Feelings of joy, of celebration, religious feelings; feelings of superiority or inferiority, when used to express distinctions in the social hierarchy. The need to be fed being a vital requirement with almost no flexibility with respect to the minimum frequency and quantity of intake, lends itself to be used in a variety of acts that demonstrate power. The control of food supply has always been a means to control the way other persons live, and in that way obtain the subordination and control of the conduct of human beings. The conditions prevailing in Rio de Janeiro during the period of the Republica Velha (Old Republic) allow the study of the ways of the emerging urban elites, that bent on modernizing the city, hoped to use its renewed looks to help discard the image of an outdated country in which Brazil was held abroad. And in that study detect the role played by food and eating manners in that supposedly civilizing undertaking. This thesis examines the eating customs from a gastronomic point of view, establishing the history of the main elements of a refined cookery, especially that of the restaurant and of the word gastronomy itself. Following those finding the thesis turns to the analysis of the fate of that French import in Rio de Janeiro of the Republica Velha. / [fr] Laliment est intimement lié aux sentiments. Sentiments de joie, de célébration, sentiments religieux; sentiments de superiorité ou dinfériorité quand il est employé pour marquer des distinctions dans la hiérarchie sociale. Le besoin de se nourrir est une exigence vitale peu flexible quant à la fréquence et à la quantité minimales, et ainsi se prête aux plus divers actes de lexercice du pouvoir. Le controle de la nourriture a toujours été un moyen de controler la vie, et de là la subordination et le comportement des autres êtres humains. Les conditions de Rio de Janeiro pendant la República Velha (Vieille République) permettent détudier comment les élites urbaines émergentes, dediées à moderniser la ville pour permettre par son nouvel aspect daméliorer le prestige du pays à lexterieur en abandonant limage dune nation dépassée, ont adopté des modèles français et anglais de comportement, et quel rôle la nourriture et la façon de manger ont joué dans cet effort dit civilisateur. Cette thèse examine les habitudes alimentaires du point de vue de la pratique gastronomique, tout en établissant lhistoire des principaux éléments de la cuisine raffinée, particulièrement du restaurant et du terme gastronomie, pour ensuite analyser le destin de cette importation française au Rio de Janeiro de la Vieille République.

The role of traditional foods in reducing hunger and malnutrition is not well documented in South Africa. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution, popularity and nutritional value of traditional foods in KwaZulu-Natal through evaluation of recipes submitted for a traditional foods recipe competition. Traditional recipes are characterised by indigenous or local ingredients passed from one person to another over many generations, with little or no change in form. Modern recipes include those which use processed ingredients. Modified recipes include those which use processed ingredients. Modified recipes include a mixture of traditional and modern ingredients. The differences between the ingredients of traditional, modern and modified recipes were investigated to determine how modifying and modernising traditional foods changed their nutritional quality. Using competition entries from a traditional recipe competition from all 11 districts of KwaZulu-Natal, the nutritional value of 1200 recipes was analysed using published Food Composition Tables. The 10 most commonly submitted recipes were identified. The majority of recipes came from the more rural districts of KwaZulu-Natal. The largest number of recipes submitted were traditional (68% of entries) followed, respectively, by modified (24%) and modern (8 %) recipes. Adult females submitted more recipes than female youths, male youths and adult males. In general, modified foods had higher nutrient contents than traditional and modern foods. There was a negative correlation between food popularity and nutrient content suggesting that popular foods were not necessarily the most nutritious. It was concluded that the people of KwaZulu-Natal simultaneously use traditional, modified and modern recipes, but that there is a shift towards food modification through use of non-indigenous crops and modern ingredients. Further investigations into the relationship between food choice and the effect of modification on food quality attributes, including sensory and storage quality, are recommended. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2009.

MENVSC / Department of Ecology and Resource Management / The study investigated the impact of cover crops (Medicago sativa, Lotus corniculatus, Trifolium pratense, Melilotus alba and Phacelia tanacetifolia), bare soil and natural ground cover on pest and beneficial arthropods, soil health, crop yield, pest damage and weed suppression in avocado orchards. The trial plots were sited within established commercial avocado orchards with trees of similar cultivar (‘Hass’), soil-type and age, located in Levubu, Limpopo, South Africa. Mixtures of cover crops were planted in the alleys of avocado orchards and the effects were compared to that of a control (other half of the orchard). Mechanical clearing of vegetation in half of the alleys of different avocado orchards were compared to the other half that was left undisturbed. Data were collected during the flowering and fruit set stages of the avocado trees in the months of September - November 2019. Results revealed that there was higher abundance and diversity of flowering plants in the orchard alleys of the cover crop treatment compared to the control comprising of natural vegetation. Cover crops had a significantly positive effect on the soil health of the orchard but little or no effect on beneficial arthropods within the orchard nor any positive effect on the pests of avocados. However, the number of thrips scouted on the fruit were significantly less where cover crops were established. Avocado scale infection rates were also significantly lower where cover crops were established. There were significantly less arthropods, and specifically pests, pollinators and herbivores where the topsoil was removed mechanically. The yield resulting from the orchard half where cover crops were established were significantly higher. More research still needs to be done about the use, management and impact of cover cropping on not only commercial avocado orchards but on other fruit crops. This study shows good evidence for the benefits for using cover crops and the negative effects in having no vegetation cover in the orchards. / NRF