[pt] Empréstimos P2P conecta tomadores de crédito a investidores por meio de plataformas online, eliminando a necessidade de um banco comercial como intermediário. Ao assumirem o risco de inadimplência dos tomadores, os investidores dependem do processo de cobrança de dívida. Esse estudo investiga se leis estaduais de cobrança de dívida afetam a capacidade dos cobradores de recuperar dívidas liquidadas. Resultados mostram que regulações maís rígidas estão associadas a taxas de recuperação menores, o que por sua vez leva a expansão de crédito para tomadores mais seguros. / [en] P2P Lending connects borrowers and lenders via an online platform, cutting out traditional banking intermediation. By bearing the risk of borrowers defaulting on their loans, investors rely on the debt collection process. This paper investigates whether state debt collection laws affect the ability of debt collectors to recover charged-off debts. Results show that stricter regulation are linked with lower recovery rates, which in turn leads to extension of credit to safer borrowers.

From the perspective of debt collectors, the goal of debt collection processes is to maximize the chances of a debt being repaid, while minimizing the time to repayment taking place. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate what measure that is most commonly leading to debt being repaid within 30 days. Against a background of males being overrepresented among debtors in terms of the share of the population in Sweden, the purpose has also been to use data analytics methods to explore whether the measures from debt collection companies affect males and females differently and how they affect them. Finally, the purpose has furthermore been to explore whether existing data provided by the debt collection company Visma can be used to optimize the debt collection process so that the debtors' time in it becomes as short as possible. The report has found that invoicing seems to be the measure most strongly associated with debt resolvance, suggesting that this measure is an important tool for debt collection agencies. The report has found that the measures affect males and females differently, which may be related to gender differences in attitudes to financial risk. Furthermore, it has been shown that it presumably is possible to create prediction models to know which debtors will be able to pay their debt. These models should be divided by gender as males, tend to take more risks. Lastly, machine learning and other modern tools, such as Open banking, should be used to optimize the debt collection process. / För ett inkassoföretag är målsättningen med varje indrivningsprocess att uppnå full återbetalning av skulden så snabbt som möjligt. Syftet med denna uppsats har varit att undersöka vilken åtgärd oftast som leder till att skulder återbetalas inom 30 dagar. Då män är överrepresenterade bland gäldenärer, sett till andel av befolkningen, har ett vidare syfte varit att använda dataanalysmetoder för att undersöka om åtgärderna från inkassoföretag påverkar män och kvinnor annorlunda och hur de påverkar dem. Slutligen är syftet också att se om det finns en möjlighet att använda befintliga data tillhandahålla av inkassoföretaget Visma för att optimera inkassoprocessen så att gäldenärernas tid i den blir så kort som möjligt. Rapporten har funnit att fakturering verkar vara den mest effektiva sista åtgärden som inkassobolagen har att tillgå idag. Rapporten har funnit att åtgärderna påverkar män och kvinnor annorlunda. Vidare har det visats att det förmodligen går att skapa predikteringsmodeller för att veta vilka gäldenärer som kommer att kunna betala sin skuld. Dessa modeller bör vara uppdelade på kön då män, är mer riskbenägna. Slutligen bör maskininlärning och även andra moderna redskap, såsom Open banking användas för att optimera inkassoprocessen.

Le financement constitue le nerf de l’activité de l’entreprise et de son développement. Dès lors, le fournisseur de concours est le partenaire privilégié à qui incombe la difficile mission de financer les entreprises, particulièrement lorsque s’ouvre une procédure. L’octroi de crédit est ainsi au cœur du droit des entreprises en difficulté. De fait, le débiteur « failli » va manquer à ses engagements et perturber l’ordre juridique. Apparaît alors le facteur risque dans l’octroi de crédit aux entreprises en difficulté. Ce risque se traduit, pour le banquier, par l’incertitude de recouvrement de sa créance ou par les vicissitudes du contrat bancaire dont la continuation ou la cession peut lui être imposée. Cependant, le risque ne doit pas justifier le refus du banquier d’accorder du crédit au débiteur défaillant. Le droit se doit d’intégrer la prise de risque dans la fourniture de crédit. Dans ce contexte, le fournisseur de concours ne se présente pas comme un créancier comme les autres. Il y a alors inégalité des créanciers en fonction de leur influence dans le sauvetage du débiteur. C’est cette hypothèse qui nous a servi de fil conducteur. La recevabilité de l’action est neutralisée et devient une technique au service d’une finalité : la sauvegarde de l’entreprise. A cet égard, le fournisseur de concours dispose d’un traitement protecteur d’une part, et demeure exposé aux règles de la procédure d’autre part. Le pendant de la protection est par conséquent son incontournable exposition par le maintien de sa responsabilité. / Financing is the nerve of the firm’s activity and its development. From then on, the financial assistance provider is the privileged partner who has the difficult mission of financing firm’s activities, particularly when a bankruptcy procedure is opened. So, crediting is the heart of bankruptcy law. De facto, the insolvent debtor will miss in his commitments and will disrupt the legal order. So appears the financial assistance provided to ailing firm’s risk. This risk is translated, for the banker, by the uncertainty of recovering of its debt or by the vicissitude of the banking contract which continuation or transfer can be imposed. However, the risk does not have to justify the banker to refuse granting credit to the failing debtor. Legal system has to consider risk-taking into the supply of credit. In this context, the financial assistance provider does not appear as other creditors. Then there is disparity of creditors according to their influence in the rescue of the debtor. It is this hypothesis that led our work. The admissibility of the action is neutralized and becomes a technique in the service of a purpose: the saving of the firm. In this respect, the financial assistance provider has a best treatment, on one hand, and he still being exposed to bankruptcy rules, on the other hand. The result of this best treatment is consequently he’s main exposure to the implementation of its liability.