<p> This thesis presents an optimal design method for MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) teardrop gradient waveforms in two and three dimensions. Teardrop in two dimensions was introduced at ISMRM 2001 by Anand et al. to address the need for a high efficiency balanced k-space trajectory for real-time cardiac SSFP (Steady State Free Precession) imaging.</p> <p> We have modeled 2D and 3D teardrop gradient waveform design as nonlinear convex optimization problems with a variety of constraints including global constraints (e.g., moment nulling for motion insensitivity). Commercial optimization solvers can solve the models efficiently. The implementation of AMPL models and numerical testing results with the solver MOSEK are provided. This optimal design procedure produces physically realizable teardrop waveforms which enable real-time cardiac imaging with equipment otherwise incapable of doing it, and optimally achieves the maximum resolution and motion artifact reduction goals. The research may encompass other waveform design problems in MRI and has built a good foundation for further research in this area.</p> / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

In the fast-paced technological revolution, technology has formed itself differently to facilitate the way to users to get their needs. As a matter of fact, people nowadays rely to a great extent on the smart devices as one of the essential creations of technology. They tend to access any website or web-application(s) through these devices fast and easily. Thus, paying enough attention to the design of any website or web-application is a major issue. This thesis project discusses the Responsive and Adaptive Design Methods as two important methods in terms of Websites and Web-Design. The methods have been theoretically discussed and explained to present the essential differences between them. Moreover, MyMusiC website has been implemented to show the differences between these methods practically. The prominent difference between the Responsive and Adaptive de-signs of the website makes it easy for the users to figure out the difference between the two design methods in terms of accessibility and ease of navigation. The results showed that the Responsive design is more user-friendly and more preferred by the users than the Adaptive design, as the users tend to use their smart devices first when they want to access a website than the computers.

The levels of income and employment rates of people with disabilities are often lower than those without them. An effective way to free disabled people from these circumstances would be to design proper job accommodation for them. Ordinarily, physical conditions severely restrict their ability to carry out their work efficiently unless they have are provided with appropriately designed assistive technology (AT). However, due to the physical conditions unique to each disabled person, understanding the requirements of a disabled person is often a challenge to an AT designer. The aims of this research were to develop a design model for an empathy tool that would assist in the process of designing AT for job accommodation, and to explore the relationship between the use of empathy tools and the improvement of design elements in job accommodation AT. The design models employed were developed by analysing interviews with AT users and examining the results of observations and a literature review. The model was then used to build an empathy tool to be used in designing job accommodation AT for a selected subject; the empathy tools were used in a series of assessments of designer users. The results show that, when compared with tools used in traditional design briefs, empathy tools can successfully help designers to improve design elements in terms, respectively, of their understanding of users' physical abilities (22 per cent), work requirements (26.6 per cent), ergonomic requirements (22.8 per cent), and environment characteristics (21.4 per cent). Meanwhile, it is difficult for the tool to improve upon other design elements, about which one must learn by gaining design experience.

Purpose: traditional optical design is a numerical process based on ray tracing theory. The traditional method has the limitation of the application of the spectacle lens because of the necessity of initial configurations and the evaluations of the aberrations of the lens. This study is an initial attempt to investigate an analytic lens design method, Lagrange, which has a potential application in modern spectacle lens for eliminating the limitation of the traditional method. Methods: the Lagrange method can derive the differential equations of an optical system in term of its output and input. The generalized Snell???s law in three-dimensional space and the normal of a refracting surface in fundamental differential geometry are applied to complete the derivation. Based on the Lagrange method, the solution of a refracting surface to perfectly image a point at infinity is obtained. Results: a Plano-convex lens and a Bi-convex lens from this solution were designed. In spherical coordinates, the differential equations of the single surface system and its solution were obtained. The optical design software, ZEMAX, was used to simulate the lenses and evaluate their image qualities. The results illustrated that both of the two lenses were aberration free. Conclusions: the Lagrange solves unknown lens surface based on definable inputs and outputs according to customer requirements. The method has the potential applicants of the modern customized lens design. Moreover, the definable outputs make the simultaneous elimination of several aberrations possible.

Volvo Cars Corporation (VCC) is devoted to Lean and Six Sigma, and has lately considered an imple-mentation of Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DFMA) with the purpose of improving their product design process and production. The goal for this project work is therefore to investigate if DFMA is a beneficial method for VCC to use, how DFMA can be used and suggest a DFMA method. A literature study is performed as a starting point to understand DFMA methods and its possibilities. Scientific articles, technical books and online sources is used during the study in order to gather in-formation regarding DFMA implementations, application areas, approaches and potential risks that need to be eliminated for a successful implementation. In order to map the product development and manufacturing processes of VCC interviews are per-formed. The interviews also gathered information regarding what VCC employees thinks of DFMA and how they wish to use it. This information is compiled into a demand specification where the de-mands are weighted after importance by the interviewees. After the pre-study, three idea generation sessions is performed with three different focus groups. The generated ideas are then evaluated and classified. The remaining ideas are classified with the purpose of enabling the possibility to use a morphological chart to build whole concepts from the single ideas. Three concepts are chosen amongst the generated concepts. These concepts are then evaluated against the weighted demand specification. The concept considered most suitable is further devel-oped which resulted in a proposed DFMA method for VCC. A case study on a product is performed in order to communicate, test and evaluate the final DFMA method. The project is rounded off with discussions regarding DFMA and the suggested method from sustain-ability point of view and how to motivate usage. All results and discussions from the project are handed over to the company, enabling further research on a possible implementation of DFMA in the organization. / Volvo Cars Corporation arbetar hängivet efter metoderna Lean och Sex Sigma och har avsikt att im-plementera Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DFMA) i syfte att förbättra deras produkt- och produktutvecklingsprocess. Målet med detta arbete är att undersöka om DFMA är en värdefull me-tod för VCC att använda och hur metoden kan tänkas användas och implementeras inom organisat-ionen. Som utgångspunkt för att förstå DFMA metoden och dess möjligheter genomförs en litteraturstudie. Under studien granskades aktuella vetenskapliga artiklar, tekniska böcker och webbkällor i syfte att samla information om DFMA-implementeringar, användningsområden, tillvägagångsätt och potenti-ella risker som behövs elimineras för en lyckad implementation av metoden. Vidare utförs intervjuer i syfte att kartlägga produktutvecklings- och tillverkningsprocessen samt samla information om hur anställda ställer sig till, och önskar använda DFMA. Denna information sammanställs sedan till en kravspecifikation där kraven i sin tur viktas av intervjuobjekten efter hur viktiga de anses vara. Tre idégenereringssessioner utförs därefter med tre olika fokusgrupper. Dessa idéer gallras sedan ut och klassificeras för att sedan kombineras med hjälp av en morfologisk tabell i syfte att bygga kon-cept av de enskilda idéerna. Tre koncept väljs ut bland de genererade koncepten. Dessa koncept utvärderas sedan mot varandra med kravspecifikationen som bedömningsskala. Det koncept som bedöms som mest lämpligt vidare-utvecklas och en föreslagen metod för VCC tas fram. För att testa och illustrera den slutgiltiga meto-den genomförs en fallstudie på en produkt. Arbetet rundas av med diskussioner kring DFMA och den föreslagna metoden ur både hållbarhets-synpunkt och motivationssynpunkt. Samtliga resultat och diskussioner överlämnas sedan till företa-get för att möjliggöra vidare undersökningar kring en eventuell implementation av DFMA. / DFMA FMEA DFM DFA Lean Produktdesign Metodutveckling

Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal propor um método para design de embalagem que tenha como premissa a sustentabilidade ambiental, social e econômica, com foco em produtos locais. Para tanto, a revisão bibliográfica inclui temas relacionados ao universo da embalagem, como seu histórico, suas classificações e funções, compreendendo seu papel atual no mercado. Também foram investigados os conceitos, métodos e diretrizes a respeito da sustentabilidade, assim como a sua relação com o design e as possibilidades de intervenção dessa atividade visando práticas mais sustentáveis. Ainda foram estudados os métodos gerais de design, a partir dos anos 1960, permitindo visualizar as mudanças ocorridas nas abordagens metodológicas ao longo do tempo. A partir desses, foram investigados também os métodos particulares de design de embalagem e àqueles que relacionam a sustentabilidade em seus procedimentos projetuais. Com base nessa pesquisa bibliográfica, realizou-se uma análise comparativa dos métodos de design de embalagem quanto aos procedimentos adotados e às formas de inserção da sustentabilidade em cada metodologia. Assim, foi possível sistematizar um método para aplicação na fase de coleta de dados, realizada a partir da abordagem qualitativa e da observação participante. O método foi aplicado em um projeto de extensão universitária e no ensino projetual em cursos de graduação em design. A análise dos dados permitiu encontrar os parâmetros que orientaram o desenvolvimento do método final proposto, com base nos principais métodos de design de embalagem, em abordagens sistêmicas e em métodos orientados à sustentabilidade. Assim, a dissertação é concluída com a proposição do método CICLO, composto por 5 fases - Compreender, Idealizar, Configurar, Lapidar e Orientar- e um conjunto de ferramentas e diretrizes que podem ser utilizadas de acordo com a necessidade do projeto de embalagem. Por fim, este método foi compilado em um documento de referência para consultas futuras. / This work' s main objective is to propose a method for packaging design that has as premise the environmental, social and economic sustainability, with focus on local products. To this end, the literature review includes issues related to the world of packaging, such as its history, classifications and functions, including his current role in the market. Also were investigated the concepts, methods and guidelines regarding the sustainability and its relationship with the design and the possibilities of intervention of this activity in arder to more sustainable practices. Were studied the general methods of design, from the 1960, allowing to see the changes in the methodological approaches over time. From these, also were investigated the particular methods of packaging design and those that relate the sustainability in its design procedures. Based on this literature research, the data were analyzed by performing a compara tive analysis of methods of packaging design and the procedures adopted and forms of inclusion of sustainability in each methodology. Thus it was possible to systematize a method for application in the data collection phase, conducted from a qualitative approach and participant observation. The method was applied to a university extension project and design teaching in undergraduate courses. The data analysis allowed finding the parameters that guided the development of final proposed method, based on the main methods of packaging design, systemic approaches and sustainability-oriented methods. Thus, the dissertation is concluded with the proposition of the method CICLO, composed of five phases - Comprehend, Idealize, Configure, Lapida te and Orientate - and a set of tools and guidelines that can be used in accordance with the need for packaging design. Finally, this method has been compiled in a document for future reference.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal propor um método para design de embalagem que tenha como premissa a sustentabilidade ambiental, social e econômica, com foco em produtos locais. Para tanto, a revisão bibliográfica inclui temas relacionados ao universo da embalagem, como seu histórico, suas classificações e funções, compreendendo seu papel atual no mercado. Também foram investigados os conceitos, métodos e diretrizes a respeito da sustentabilidade, assim como a sua relação com o design e as possibilidades de intervenção dessa atividade visando práticas mais sustentáveis. Ainda foram estudados os métodos gerais de design, a partir dos anos 1960, permitindo visualizar as mudanças ocorridas nas abordagens metodológicas ao longo do tempo. A partir desses, foram investigados também os métodos particulares de design de embalagem e àqueles que relacionam a sustentabilidade em seus procedimentos projetuais. Com base nessa pesquisa bibliográfica, realizou-se uma análise comparativa dos métodos de design de embalagem quanto aos procedimentos adotados e às formas de inserção da sustentabilidade em cada metodologia. Assim, foi possível sistematizar um método para aplicação na fase de coleta de dados, realizada a partir da abordagem qualitativa e da observação participante. O método foi aplicado em um projeto de extensão universitária e no ensino projetual em cursos de graduação em design. A análise dos dados permitiu encontrar os parâmetros que orientaram o desenvolvimento do método final proposto, com base nos principais métodos de design de embalagem, em abordagens sistêmicas e em métodos orientados à sustentabilidade. Assim, a dissertação é concluída com a proposição do método CICLO, composto por 5 fases - Compreender, Idealizar, Configurar, Lapidar e Orientar- e um conjunto de ferramentas e diretrizes que podem ser utilizadas de acordo com a necessidade do projeto de embalagem. Por fim, este método foi compilado em um documento de referência para consultas futuras. / This work' s main objective is to propose a method for packaging design that has as premise the environmental, social and economic sustainability, with focus on local products. To this end, the literature review includes issues related to the world of packaging, such as its history, classifications and functions, including his current role in the market. Also were investigated the concepts, methods and guidelines regarding the sustainability and its relationship with the design and the possibilities of intervention of this activity in arder to more sustainable practices. Were studied the general methods of design, from the 1960, allowing to see the changes in the methodological approaches over time. From these, also were investigated the particular methods of packaging design and those that relate the sustainability in its design procedures. Based on this literature research, the data were analyzed by performing a compara tive analysis of methods of packaging design and the procedures adopted and forms of inclusion of sustainability in each methodology. Thus it was possible to systematize a method for application in the data collection phase, conducted from a qualitative approach and participant observation. The method was applied to a university extension project and design teaching in undergraduate courses. The data analysis allowed finding the parameters that guided the development of final proposed method, based on the main methods of packaging design, systemic approaches and sustainability-oriented methods. Thus, the dissertation is concluded with the proposition of the method CICLO, composed of five phases - Comprehend, Idealize, Configure, Lapida te and Orientate - and a set of tools and guidelines that can be used in accordance with the need for packaging design. Finally, this method has been compiled in a document for future reference.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal propor um método para design de embalagem que tenha como premissa a sustentabilidade ambiental, social e econômica, com foco em produtos locais. Para tanto, a revisão bibliográfica inclui temas relacionados ao universo da embalagem, como seu histórico, suas classificações e funções, compreendendo seu papel atual no mercado. Também foram investigados os conceitos, métodos e diretrizes a respeito da sustentabilidade, assim como a sua relação com o design e as possibilidades de intervenção dessa atividade visando práticas mais sustentáveis. Ainda foram estudados os métodos gerais de design, a partir dos anos 1960, permitindo visualizar as mudanças ocorridas nas abordagens metodológicas ao longo do tempo. A partir desses, foram investigados também os métodos particulares de design de embalagem e àqueles que relacionam a sustentabilidade em seus procedimentos projetuais. Com base nessa pesquisa bibliográfica, realizou-se uma análise comparativa dos métodos de design de embalagem quanto aos procedimentos adotados e às formas de inserção da sustentabilidade em cada metodologia. Assim, foi possível sistematizar um método para aplicação na fase de coleta de dados, realizada a partir da abordagem qualitativa e da observação participante. O método foi aplicado em um projeto de extensão universitária e no ensino projetual em cursos de graduação em design. A análise dos dados permitiu encontrar os parâmetros que orientaram o desenvolvimento do método final proposto, com base nos principais métodos de design de embalagem, em abordagens sistêmicas e em métodos orientados à sustentabilidade. Assim, a dissertação é concluída com a proposição do método CICLO, composto por 5 fases - Compreender, Idealizar, Configurar, Lapidar e Orientar- e um conjunto de ferramentas e diretrizes que podem ser utilizadas de acordo com a necessidade do projeto de embalagem. Por fim, este método foi compilado em um documento de referência para consultas futuras. / This work' s main objective is to propose a method for packaging design that has as premise the environmental, social and economic sustainability, with focus on local products. To this end, the literature review includes issues related to the world of packaging, such as its history, classifications and functions, including his current role in the market. Also were investigated the concepts, methods and guidelines regarding the sustainability and its relationship with the design and the possibilities of intervention of this activity in arder to more sustainable practices. Were studied the general methods of design, from the 1960, allowing to see the changes in the methodological approaches over time. From these, also were investigated the particular methods of packaging design and those that relate the sustainability in its design procedures. Based on this literature research, the data were analyzed by performing a compara tive analysis of methods of packaging design and the procedures adopted and forms of inclusion of sustainability in each methodology. Thus it was possible to systematize a method for application in the data collection phase, conducted from a qualitative approach and participant observation. The method was applied to a university extension project and design teaching in undergraduate courses. The data analysis allowed finding the parameters that guided the development of final proposed method, based on the main methods of packaging design, systemic approaches and sustainability-oriented methods. Thus, the dissertation is concluded with the proposition of the method CICLO, composed of five phases - Comprehend, Idealize, Configure, Lapida te and Orientate - and a set of tools and guidelines that can be used in accordance with the need for packaging design. Finally, this method has been compiled in a document for future reference.

Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第17550号 / 工博第3709号 / 新制||工||1565(附属図書館) / 30316 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科建築学専攻 / (主査)教授 門内 輝行, 教授 髙田 光雄, 教授 神吉 紀世子 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当

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