Thermal analysis of buildings was carried out using simplified design tools, prior to the widespread use of computers. Since the early 1980's, the rapid growth of computational power has lead to the introduction of many building dynamic thermal simulation software programs. The accurate performance of many of these programs has lead to the view that manual calculation methods should only be used as indicative design tools. The CIBSE admittance method is based on the fundamentals of building heat transfer, its calculations procedures being simplified for use on hand held calculators. Manual calculation methods must be developed for use on more powerful calculators, if greater accuracy is required. Such calculators are available in the form of computer spreadsheet programs. The computational power of the computer spreadsheet program, combined with suitable mathematical thermal modelling techniques, has thus far, remained unexploited. This thesis describes the development of a powerful manual thermal design method, for application on a computer spreadsheet program. All the modes of building heat transfer are accurately modelled. Free-running or plant-controlled spaces can be simulated. In the case of a single zone, the accuracy of the new manual dynamic thermal model is comparable with commercially available software programs. The level of mathematical modelling complexity is limited only by computer power and user ability. The Iterative Frequency Domain Method (IFDM) and the Adiabatic Iterative Frequency Domain Method (AIFDM) are alternative mathematical simulation techniques developed to form the core of the Thermal Analysis Design Method. In the IFDM and AIFDM, the frequency domain and numerical iteration techniques have been integrated to produce a thermal simulation method that can model all non-linear heat transfer processes. A more accurate formulation of sol-air temperature, a window sol-air temperature and an accurate reduced internal long-wave radiant exchange model is a sample of further innovations in the thesis. Many of the developments described in the thesis, although designed for the computer spreadsheet environment, may also be employed to enhance the performance of some of the current dynamic thermal models of buildings.

Projetar produtos efetivamente sustentáveis é uma atividade complexa que considera a gestão das necessidades e interfaces de distintas partes envolvidas com o ciclo de vida do produto. Esta tarefa é especialmente difícil nas fase de definição do produto, quando a equipe de projeto deve trabalhar com um conjunto abrangende de informações e requisitos que deverão ser convertidas em um conceito de produto ou de seu sistema. O objetivo geral deste trabalho é propor um procedimento de identificação de interfaces críticas entre partes envolvidas com o ciclo de vida de um sistema-produto para que os objetivos da sustentabilidade sejam atingidos. Três objetivos específicos foram definidos: (I) analisar práticas e/ou procedimentos de projeto que permitam identificar as partes envolvidas com o ciclo de vida de um sistema-produto, levantar e tratar as informações provenientes dessas partes, de tal forma a reduzir a complexidade da informação e identificar o que é crítico para atingir os objetivos da sustentabilidade; (II) planejar e propor um procedimento alinhado aos interesses apresentados no item anterior; e (III) aplicá-lo e analisar resultados. O método de pesquisa teve abordagem quali-quantitativa, em um estudo de caso com propósito exploratório em um sistema de produção e consumo de produtos de higiene e limpeza do Rio Grande do Sul. Os principais resultados foram: identificação de práticas de projeto que combinadas contribuem para o projeto de sistema-produto sustentável; proposição de um procedimento, composto por oito etapas, a partir da combinação de práticas de projeto; identificação de fatores determinantes para atingir a sustentabilidade e interfaces críticas entre as partes envolvidas no sistema pesquisado sob a perspectiva de diversos entrevistados. Este é um trabalho exploratório e o pesquisador indica desdobramentos futuros para o mesmo. / The design of effectively sustainable products is a complex activity that involves the management of needs and interfaces among distinct stakeholders from all product lifecycle. This task is specially difficult in the product definition phase, in which the team has to deal with a broad spectrum of information that will be converted in a product or system concept. The general objective of this dissertation is the proposition of a procedure to identify critical interfaces among stakeholders from all life cycle of product-system allowing sustainability objectives are achieved. Three specific objectives were defined: (I) to review a set of practices and / or project procedures adequate to the identification of stakeholders and their needs, to reveal what is critical for achieving the goals of sustainability, from their points of view; (II) to plan and propose a sistematic procedure in line with the interests presented in the previous item; and (III) to experience the procedure in a real case to analyze results. The research method was a case study with exploratory purposes using a qualitative and quantitative approach. Interviews were performed with stakeholders from a hygiene and cleanliness production and consumption system, from Rio Grande do Sul State in Brazil. The main results were: the identification of project development practices usefull for stakeholders‟ interfaces and needs analysis; the propositon of a procedure, consisting of eight stages; and from the use of such procedure it was possible to identify factors for achieving sustainability and critical interfaces among the stakeholders in the system studied. The study is exploratory and future directions were indicated by the researchers.

Projetar produtos efetivamente sustentáveis é uma atividade complexa que considera a gestão das necessidades e interfaces de distintas partes envolvidas com o ciclo de vida do produto. Esta tarefa é especialmente difícil nas fase de definição do produto, quando a equipe de projeto deve trabalhar com um conjunto abrangende de informações e requisitos que deverão ser convertidas em um conceito de produto ou de seu sistema. O objetivo geral deste trabalho é propor um procedimento de identificação de interfaces críticas entre partes envolvidas com o ciclo de vida de um sistema-produto para que os objetivos da sustentabilidade sejam atingidos. Três objetivos específicos foram definidos: (I) analisar práticas e/ou procedimentos de projeto que permitam identificar as partes envolvidas com o ciclo de vida de um sistema-produto, levantar e tratar as informações provenientes dessas partes, de tal forma a reduzir a complexidade da informação e identificar o que é crítico para atingir os objetivos da sustentabilidade; (II) planejar e propor um procedimento alinhado aos interesses apresentados no item anterior; e (III) aplicá-lo e analisar resultados. O método de pesquisa teve abordagem quali-quantitativa, em um estudo de caso com propósito exploratório em um sistema de produção e consumo de produtos de higiene e limpeza do Rio Grande do Sul. Os principais resultados foram: identificação de práticas de projeto que combinadas contribuem para o projeto de sistema-produto sustentável; proposição de um procedimento, composto por oito etapas, a partir da combinação de práticas de projeto; identificação de fatores determinantes para atingir a sustentabilidade e interfaces críticas entre as partes envolvidas no sistema pesquisado sob a perspectiva de diversos entrevistados. Este é um trabalho exploratório e o pesquisador indica desdobramentos futuros para o mesmo. / The design of effectively sustainable products is a complex activity that involves the management of needs and interfaces among distinct stakeholders from all product lifecycle. This task is specially difficult in the product definition phase, in which the team has to deal with a broad spectrum of information that will be converted in a product or system concept. The general objective of this dissertation is the proposition of a procedure to identify critical interfaces among stakeholders from all life cycle of product-system allowing sustainability objectives are achieved. Three specific objectives were defined: (I) to review a set of practices and / or project procedures adequate to the identification of stakeholders and their needs, to reveal what is critical for achieving the goals of sustainability, from their points of view; (II) to plan and propose a sistematic procedure in line with the interests presented in the previous item; and (III) to experience the procedure in a real case to analyze results. The research method was a case study with exploratory purposes using a qualitative and quantitative approach. Interviews were performed with stakeholders from a hygiene and cleanliness production and consumption system, from Rio Grande do Sul State in Brazil. The main results were: the identification of project development practices usefull for stakeholders‟ interfaces and needs analysis; the propositon of a procedure, consisting of eight stages; and from the use of such procedure it was possible to identify factors for achieving sustainability and critical interfaces among the stakeholders in the system studied. The study is exploratory and future directions were indicated by the researchers.

Projetar produtos efetivamente sustentáveis é uma atividade complexa que considera a gestão das necessidades e interfaces de distintas partes envolvidas com o ciclo de vida do produto. Esta tarefa é especialmente difícil nas fase de definição do produto, quando a equipe de projeto deve trabalhar com um conjunto abrangende de informações e requisitos que deverão ser convertidas em um conceito de produto ou de seu sistema. O objetivo geral deste trabalho é propor um procedimento de identificação de interfaces críticas entre partes envolvidas com o ciclo de vida de um sistema-produto para que os objetivos da sustentabilidade sejam atingidos. Três objetivos específicos foram definidos: (I) analisar práticas e/ou procedimentos de projeto que permitam identificar as partes envolvidas com o ciclo de vida de um sistema-produto, levantar e tratar as informações provenientes dessas partes, de tal forma a reduzir a complexidade da informação e identificar o que é crítico para atingir os objetivos da sustentabilidade; (II) planejar e propor um procedimento alinhado aos interesses apresentados no item anterior; e (III) aplicá-lo e analisar resultados. O método de pesquisa teve abordagem quali-quantitativa, em um estudo de caso com propósito exploratório em um sistema de produção e consumo de produtos de higiene e limpeza do Rio Grande do Sul. Os principais resultados foram: identificação de práticas de projeto que combinadas contribuem para o projeto de sistema-produto sustentável; proposição de um procedimento, composto por oito etapas, a partir da combinação de práticas de projeto; identificação de fatores determinantes para atingir a sustentabilidade e interfaces críticas entre as partes envolvidas no sistema pesquisado sob a perspectiva de diversos entrevistados. Este é um trabalho exploratório e o pesquisador indica desdobramentos futuros para o mesmo. / The design of effectively sustainable products is a complex activity that involves the management of needs and interfaces among distinct stakeholders from all product lifecycle. This task is specially difficult in the product definition phase, in which the team has to deal with a broad spectrum of information that will be converted in a product or system concept. The general objective of this dissertation is the proposition of a procedure to identify critical interfaces among stakeholders from all life cycle of product-system allowing sustainability objectives are achieved. Three specific objectives were defined: (I) to review a set of practices and / or project procedures adequate to the identification of stakeholders and their needs, to reveal what is critical for achieving the goals of sustainability, from their points of view; (II) to plan and propose a sistematic procedure in line with the interests presented in the previous item; and (III) to experience the procedure in a real case to analyze results. The research method was a case study with exploratory purposes using a qualitative and quantitative approach. Interviews were performed with stakeholders from a hygiene and cleanliness production and consumption system, from Rio Grande do Sul State in Brazil. The main results were: the identification of project development practices usefull for stakeholders‟ interfaces and needs analysis; the propositon of a procedure, consisting of eight stages; and from the use of such procedure it was possible to identify factors for achieving sustainability and critical interfaces among the stakeholders in the system studied. The study is exploratory and future directions were indicated by the researchers.

This degree work places itself in the field of textile design, surface patterns and conceptual design. The aim of the work is to use the human body as a tool for designing conceptual surface patterns onto textiles. The methods of designing were done through practical workshops. Examples of workshops is shadow workshop, motif workshop and pattern workshop. For each workshop appropriate rules was decided based on analizis of preveous workshops. The outcome could be presented as two types of results; firstly, a design method for generating surface patterns, and secondly, heat transfer printed textiles that prove the validity of the method. The work proposes an alternative approach for inspiration to designing surface patterns.

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Is data material? Is it feasible to recycle information and bring it into the physical world? How do a thousand dental surgeries look when they take shape and become part of an object? Big data is the oil of the twenty-first century; we have an abundance of it. There are several possible implications of data collecting, and we are currently waiting to discover the environmental cost of some. In spite of this, relatively little of the data is really used. Unintentional Artefacts, is a degree project which attempts to look at data from a different perspective and invite everyone to look beyond the facts. There is a world of potential forms hidden in information. The methodology is illustrated through the conceptual design of three sneakers. Each shoe is transformed into a new shape by recycled information, originating from root canals, library trips, and recreational fishing.

<p dir="ltr">The United States government and Environmental Protection Agency have mandated that vehicles must meet 54.5 miles per gallon(<i>07/29/2011: President Obama Announces Historic 54.5 Mpg Fuel Efficiency Standard/Consumers Will Save $1.7 Trillion at the Pump, $8K per Vehicle by 2025</i>, n.d.). Faced with increased governmental regulations, manufacturers must find new ways to improve their internal combustion engines. Examining the various components of internal combustion engines, there is potential to optimize individual components for mass reduction and thus improving vehicle performance. Engine Components, specifically connecting rods, are essential to the operation of an engine. While connecting rod designs are highly refined, breakthroughs in additive manufacturing technology have given way to novel approaches in the optimization process. Autodesk Inc. has provided an innovative, generative design space to reduce design time and explore complex optimization. The generative design process provides engineers with unique designs while considering many parameters including material, load cases, and manufacturing processes. The study applied generative design structural load casing to a connecting rod of a single cylinder Ryobi engine to optimize for metal additive manufacturing. The generated outcomes were subjected to finite element analysis to determine their feasibility against a traditional drop forged or die cast design. The results compared three generated geometries against three common additive manufacturing materials in ANSYS Mechanical. The generated geometries were tested for equivalent (Von Mises) stress, equivalent strain, and total deformation. The study, using preliminary forces in a static situation, found that mass reductions of up to 19% were achievable while maintaining performance capabilities of the original design.</p>

The aim of this master’s thesis is to explore the implications of using online ethnographic participatory design in studying communication with teenagers in the context of Carbon Dioxide Theatre, a climate action research project. By developing multiple methods, tools and activities, the implications are understood throughout the teenagers’ engagement in collaborating and co-creating using online media. The findings are then organized based on the teenagers activity from three perspectives, by following the medium, the story and the feeling. The medium shows how social media platforms such as Snapchat and Facebook Messenger can be used in order to establish a valuable collaboration with the teenagers, the story presents how the teenagers are expressing their views, thoughts and dilemmas regarding the climate action topic, co-creating one Instagram account while the feeling offers emotions raised during the process. Ultimately, inspired from the study process, the paper suggests a design method for online ethnographic participatory design data collection, consisting of a set of cards and maps that can be utilized as a guiding tool in organizing and understanding the empirical data within an exploratory research context. / Carbon Dioxid Theatre

In diesem Beitrag werden ein Berechnungsverfahren und ein Bemessungskonzept für biegebeanspruchte textilbetonverstärkte Stahlbetonbauteile vorgestellt. Ihre Anwendbarkeit wird durch die Auswertung von Versuchen an verstärkten Stahlbetonplatten mit einer Reihe veränderlicher Ausgangswerte überprüft. Als Ergebnis dieser Arbeit stehen dem Anwender einfach nutzbare, praxisgerechte Bemessungstabellen zur Verfügung. In dieser Version weisen die Grafiken eine bessere Qualität auf. / This article introduces a calculation method and a design concept for reinforced concrete elements strengthened with textile concrete. Its applicability is verified by an analysis of tests with strengthened steel reinforced concrete slabs with a certain variety of design parameters. Results of this work are easy manageable, praxis-orientated design tables that are available for users. This version contains figures with a better quality.