Goal-Oriented Modelling Languages such as the Goal Requirements Language (GRL) have been used to reason about Design Patterns. However, the GRL is a general purpose modelling language that does not support concepts bespoke to the pattern domain. This thesis has investigated how advanced programming language techniques, namely Dependent Types and Domain Specific Languages, can be used to enhance the design and construction of Domain Specific Modelling languages (DSMLs), and apply the results to Design Pattern Engineering. This thesis presents Sif, a DSML for reasoning about design patterns as goal- oriented requirements problems. Sif presents modellers with a modelling language tailored to the pattern domain but leverages the GRL for realisation of the modelling constructs. Dependent types have influenced the design and implementation of Sif to provide correctness guarantees, and have led to the development of NovoGRL a novel extension of the GRL. A technique for DSML implementation called Types as (Meta) Modellers was developed in which the interpretation between a DSML and its host language is implemented directly within the type-system of the DSML. This provides correctness guarantees of DSML model instances during model construction. Models can only be constructed if and only if the DSML's type-system can build a valid representation of the model in the host language. This thesis also investigated design pattern evaluation, developing PREMES an evaluation framework that uses tailorable testing techniques to provide demonstrable reporting on pattern quality. Linking PREMES with Sif are: Freyja—an active pattern document schema in which Sif models are embedded within pattern documents; and Frigg—a tool for interacting with pattern documents. The proof-of-concept tools in this thesis demonstrate: machine enhanced interactions with design patterns; reproducible automation in the PREMES framework; and machine checking of pattern documents as Sif models. With the tooling and techniques presented, design pattern engineering can become a more rigorous, demonstrable, and machine checkable process.

Au-delà de l’utilisabilité, la question du ressenti émotionnel est devenue prépondérante pour les équipes de conception d’applications souhaitant se différencier par la qualité d’utilisation. Mais malgré l’importance des enjeux, les bonnes pratiques de conception pour l’émotion ne sont pas ou peu documentées. L’objet de ce travail de thèse consiste donc à concourir à la définition des stratégies de design émotionnel d’interface susceptibles de susciter un ressenti positif des utilisateurs. Deux étapes sont considérées :1. l’identification de patterns de design émotionnel, au travers des pratiques existantes des designers et des modèles théoriques afférant ; 2. la définition d’une méthode d’évaluation des patterns de design préalablement identifiées. Considérant l’hédonomie comme paradigme succédant à l’utilisabilité, nous proposons une synthèse de patterns de design émotionnel structurés autour de la notion de personnalité applicative. Les patterns d’empathie et de sympathie apparaissent ainsi particulièrement pertinents. En ce sens, nous proposons une déclinaison de l’hédonomie pour le « design sympathique » d’interfaces. Une seconde étape de ce travail s’oriente vers l’évaluation des patterns de design. Nous proposons ainsi une sélection de méthodes de mesure de l’émotion adaptées aux spécificités d’une utilisation d’interface. Les expérimentations menées permettent de proposer une méthode d’évaluation du ressenti suscité par le design d’interface. Enfin, nous proposons des orientations de recherche alternatives ou complémentaires afin de guider les futurs travaux vers la définition de recommandations pour le design émotionnel d’interface. / Beyond usability, the question of the emotion has turned preponderant for application design teams wishing to get differentiated by the quality of use. But despite the important issues, good practices of design for emotion are not or poorly documented.The purpose of this thesis is therefore to contribute to the definition of emotional interface design strategies to create a positive feeling by the users.Two steps are considered:1. the identification of emotional design patterns, through the practices of designers and the related theoretical models;2. the definition of a method of assessment for the previously identified design patterns.Considering hedonomics as a new paradigm succeeding to usability, we propose a synthesis of emotional design patterns structured on the notion of applicative personality. Empathy and sympathy patterns thus appear particularly relevant. In this sense, we propose a variation of hedonomics for the “sympathetic design” of interfaces.A second phase of this work is oriented towards the evaluation of design patterns. We offer a selection of emotion measurement methods adapted to the specificities of an interface use. The conducted experiments allow to propose a method of evaluation of the emotion elicited by the interface design.Finally, we propose alternative or complementary research directions to guide future work towards the definition of recommendations for emotional interface design.

The goal of this disertation was to develop a maturity model for source code of object-oriented applications and to use this model to verify the quality of the source code of student's applications. The starting point of the thesis was devoted to the analysis of existing standards, norms, methodologies and summaries of best practice for assessing the quality of software products and analysis of the factors that affect the quality of the source code of object applications. To validate the results of the analysis of these factors, the analysis was complemented with a field research conducted among specialist with programming experience. The model to determine the maturity of source code of object-oriented applications was designed according to the analysis and the questionnaire. The statistical method of cluster analysis was used in the design of the model. The model was designed and the procedure of its use in the evaluation of source code was described. This model was pilot tested in education program at the University of Economics in Prague.

This thesis deals with design and implementation of programming structure of game web portal. The web portal will serve as a communication and information center to simplify coordination among players and allow them to gain new experience. In the thesis are analyzed the needs of players, existing solutions and their drawbacks. The results of this analysis are used to design individual functions of the portal. Implementation of the most important parts of the website has been described, the implementation of these parts were evaluated and some enhancemets were eventually suggested. In the end of this thesis several functionalities were suggested, which could extend the portal in the future.

The thesis presents a model, suitable for the design of any type of qualification in integrative eGovernment education. The integrative approach combines education of adult learners and students and promotes international cooperation.

<p>Извршено је моделирање и имплементација софтверског система за циркулацију који&nbsp;омогућава праћење коришћења библиотечког&nbsp;фонда на нивоу конзорцијума библиотека.&nbsp;Коришћен је методолошки приступ&nbsp;унифицирани процес развоја система. У&nbsp;моделирању архитектуре коришћени су дизајн&nbsp;патерни, а модел је приказан у UML 2.0&nbsp;нотацији. Систем је имплементиран у&nbsp;програмском језику Java.</p><p>У оквиру система развијен је подсистем за&nbsp;клијент/сервер комуникацију који омогућава&nbsp;транспарентну комуникацију клијента и&nbsp;сервера у односу на транспортни протокол&nbsp;које се користи. Подсистем има патерн&nbsp;оријентисану софтверску архитектуру која је заснована на комбинацији неколико дизајн патерна. Његовом интеграцијом у софтверски систем БИСИС омогућен је рад система у различитим мрежним окружењима.</p><p>Такође, подсистем је искоришћен и за комуникацију са другим библиотекама. У оквиру подсистема имплементиран је NCIP протокол чиме је омогућена размена података са библиотекама које користе различите библиотечке софтверске системе. Подсистем омогућава једнообразан начин комуникације клијентске апликације, било са сервером своје библиотеке или серверима других библиотека. Имплементиран је и NCIP сервис који служи за приступ подацима по NCIP протоколу од стране других библиотека.</p> / <p>Izvršeno je modeliranje i implementacija softverskog sistema za cirkulaciju koji&nbsp;omogućava praćenje korišćenja bibliotečkog&nbsp;fonda na nivou konzorcijuma biblioteka.&nbsp;Korišćen je metodološki pristup&nbsp;unificirani proces razvoja sistema. U&nbsp;modeliranju arhitekture korišćeni su dizajn&nbsp;paterni, a model je prikazan u UML 2.0&nbsp;notaciji. Sistem je implementiran u&nbsp;programskom jeziku Java.</p><p>U okviru sistema razvijen je podsistem za&nbsp;klijent/server komunikaciju koji omogućava&nbsp;transparentnu komunikaciju klijenta i&nbsp;servera u odnosu na transportni protokol&nbsp;koje se koristi. Podsistem ima patern&nbsp;orijentisanu softversku arhitekturu koja je zasnovana na kombinaciji nekoliko dizajn paterna. NJegovom integracijom u softverski sistem BISIS omogućen je rad sistema u različitim mrežnim okruženjima.</p><p>Takođe, podsistem je iskorišćen i za komunikaciju sa drugim bibliotekama. U okviru podsistema implementiran je NCIP protokol čime je omogućena razmena podataka sa bibliotekama koje koriste različite bibliotečke softverske sisteme. Podsistem omogućava jednoobrazan način komunikacije klijentske aplikacije, bilo sa serverom svoje biblioteke ili serverima drugih biblioteka. Implementiran je i NCIP servis koji služi za pristup podacima po NCIP protokolu od strane drugih biblioteka.</p> / <p> Modeling and implementation of circulation software system with support for direct consortial borrowing has been done. Unified software development process is used. Software architecture modeling is done using design patterns and it is shown in UML 2.0 notation. System implementation is realized in programming language Java. Subsystem for client/server communication is developed as part of circulation system. Subsystem enables transparent communication between client and server in accordance with used transport protocol. Software architecture of this subsystem is pattern oriented and it is based on combination of several design patterns. By integrating subsystem into system BISIS, it is allowed operation of system in different network environments. Also, subsystem is used for communication with other libraries. NCIP protocol is implemented inside the subsystem by which exchange data with different library software systems is enabled. Subsystem provides unique way of communication between client application and server, no matter whether it is its own library server or servers of other libraries. NICP service used by other libraries to access data according to NICP protocol is implemented, as well.</p>

Dark Patterns är designmönster som används av företag i syfte att manipulera användare till att fatta beslut som de möjligtvis inte hade gjort annars och som inte gynnar deras egna intressen. Den här studien undersöker användarens upplevelse och perspektiv på dark patterns på en onlineresebyrås hemsida där dark patterns används flitigt. Dark patterns använder sig ofta av kognitiva biaser som utnyttjas hos användaren för att styra användaren till att fatta beslut som användaren inte hade avsikt att fatta, och som till följd kan påverka individens välfärd negativt. Dessa designmönster blir allt mer förekommande inom e-handeln, vilket väcker frågan hur etiskt användningen av dark patterns är. I dagsläget finns inga regelverk i Sverige som specifikt gäller användningen av dark patterns, däremot finns det regelverk som berör dark patterns, exempelvis de riktlinjer som den Europeiska dataskyddsstyrelsen har tagit fram gällande användandet av deceptive patterns samt Europaparlamentets direktiv om otillbörliga affärsmetoder. Forskningsfrågorna som ligger till grund för denna studie är: “Hur upplever internetanvändare dark patterns på onlineresebyråers hemsidor?” och “Hur påverkas användarens attityd gentemot onlineresebyråer som applicerar dark patterns?”. För att försöka svara på frågeställningarna har en kvalitativ kartläggning genomförts med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer. Studien undersöker hur fyra internetanvändare med stor resvana upplever dark patterns på en onlineresebyrås hemsida med hjälp av simulerade bokningsprocesser i form av förinspelade videor. Intervjuerna transkriberades och analyserades med hjälp av tematisk analys. Resultatet visade att deltagarna hade en förståelse att man som användare bör vara försiktig vid bokning av resor för att inte bli lurad. Denna urvalsgrupp betonar att de har vant sig vid ett flertal dark patterns och inte längre reagerar på dem. Däremot upplevdes dark patterns som både något som förhindrar en smidig bokning och som störande moment under bokningen. Studien tyder på att när deltagarna är medvetna om dark patterns upplever de dem också som störande och även oetiska. En överdriven användning av dark patterns verkar även skapa en negativ uppfattning om företag som använder dem. Studien visar även att ett överanvändande av dark patterns kan ha motsatt effekt på vad företagen som implementerar dem hoppas på; att användare snarare upplever negativa känslor som påverkar deras köpbenägenhet negativt. / Dark Patterns are design patterns used by companies to trick users to make decisions that they might otherwise not have done and may not be in the user’s best interest. This study investigates users' experience and perspective on dark patterns on an online travel agency’s website that frequently uses dark patterns. Dark patterns often exploit cognitive biases in the user to steer the user to make decisions that the user might not have intended to make, which could have a negative effect on the user’s welfare. These types of design patterns are becoming more and more common within e-commerce which has sparked the question of ethicality in the use of dark patterns. There are currently no regulations in Sweden that specifically cover dark patterns, but there are regulations that affect dark patterns, such as the guidelines The European Data Protection Board have established on the use of deceptive patterns as well as the European Parliament’s “Unfair Commercial Practices Directive”. The underlying research questions for this study are: “How do internet users experience dark patterns on online travel agencies’ websites?” and “How is the users’ attitude towards online travel agencies that apply dark patterns affected?”. In an effort to answer the research questions a qualitative survey has been done with the help of semi-structured interviews. This study investigates how four internet users perceive dark patterns on an online travel agency’s website with the help of simulated booking processes through pre-recorded videos. The interviews were then transcribed and analyzed through thematic analysis. The results show that the participants had an understanding of the need to be cautious during online travel booking to avoid being tricked or scammed. This selection group emphasizes that they’ve become used to a number of dark patterns and no longer react to them. Dark patterns that hinders a smooth booking are however seen as disruptive elements. This study indicates that the users perceive dark patterns as disruptive and unethical when they’re aware of the dark patterns being used. Excessive use of dark patterns also seems to create a negative perception on the company that uses them. This study also shows that an excessive use of dark patterns could have the opposite effect than desired by the company that implements them; that the user is inflicted by negative feelings that affect the users propensity to purchase negatively.

Les logiciels sont en constante évolution, nécessitant une maintenance et un développement continus. Ils subissent des changements tout au long de leur vie, que ce soit pendant l'ajout de nouvelles fonctionnalités ou la correction de bogues. Lorsque les logiciels évoluent, leurs architectures ont tendance à se dégrader et deviennent moins adaptables aux nouvelles spécifications des utilisateurs. En effet, les architectures de ces logiciels deviennent plus complexes et plus difficiles à maintenir à cause des nombreuses dépendances entre les artefacts. Par conséquent, les développeurs doivent comprendre les dépendances entre les artefacts des logiciels pour prendre des mesures proactives qui facilitent les futurs changements et ralentissent la dégradation des architectures des logiciels. D'une part, le maintien d'un logiciel sans la compréhension des les dépendances entre ses artefacts peut conduire à l'introduction de défauts. D'autre part, lorsque les développeurs manquent de connaissances sur l'impact de leurs activités de maintenance, ils peuvent introduire des défauts de conception, qui ont un impact négatif sur l'évolution du logiciel. Ainsi, les développeurs ont besoin de mécanismes pour comprendre comment le changement d'un artefact impacte le reste du logiciel. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons trois contributions principales : La spécification de deux nouveaux patrons de changement et leurs utilisations pour fournir aux développeurs des informations utiles concernant les dépendances de co-changement. La spécification de la relation entre les patrons d'évolutions des artefacts et les fautes. La découverte de la relation entre les dépendances des anti-patrons et la prédisposition des différentes composantes d'un logiciel aux fautes. / Program maintenance accounts for the largest part of the costs of any program. During maintenance activities, developers implement changes (sometimes simultaneously) on artefacts to fix bugs and to implement new requirements. Thus, developers need knowledge to identify hidden dependencies among programs artefacts and detect correlated artefacts. As programs evolved, their designs become more complex over time and harder to change. In the absence of the necessary knowledge on artefacts dependencies, developers could introduce design defects and faults that causes development and maintenance costs to rise. Therefore, developers must understand the dependencies among program artefacts and take proactive steps to facilitate future changes and minimize fault proneness. On the one hand, maintaining a program without understanding the different dependencies between their artefacts may lead to the introduction of faults. On the other hand, when developers lack knowledge about the impact of their maintenance activities, they may introduce design defects, which have a negative impact on program evolution. Thus, developers need mechanisms to understand how a change to an artefact will impact the rest of the programs artefacts and tools to detect design defects impact. In this thesis, we propose three principal contributions. The first contribution is two novel change patterns to model new co-change and change propagation scenarios. We introduce the Asynchrony change pattern, corresponding to macro co-changes, i.e., of files that co-change within a large time interval (change periods), and the Dephase change pattern, corresponding to dephase macro co-changes, i.e., macro co-changes that always happen with the same shifts in time. We present our approach, named Macocha, and we show that such new change patterns provide interesting information to developers. The second contribution is proposing a novel approach to analyse the evolution of different classes in object-oriented programs and to link different evolution behaviour to faults. In particular, we define an evolution model for each class to study the evolution and the co-evolution dependencies among classes and to relate such dependencies with fault-proneness. The third contribution concerns design defect dependencies impact. We propose a study to mine the link between design defect dependencies, such as co-change dependencies and static relationships, and fault proneness. We found that the negative impact of design defects propagate through their dependencies. The three contributions are evaluated on open-source programs.

Les logiciels sont en constante évolution, nécessitant une maintenance et un développement continus. Ils subissent des changements tout au long de leur vie, que ce soit pendant l'ajout de nouvelles fonctionnalités ou la correction de bogues. Lorsque les logiciels évoluent, leurs architectures ont tendance à se dégrader et deviennent moins adaptables aux nouvelles spécifications des utilisateurs. En effet, les architectures de ces logiciels deviennent plus complexes et plus difficiles à maintenir à cause des nombreuses dépendances entre les artefacts. Par conséquent, les développeurs doivent comprendre les dépendances entre les artefacts des logiciels pour prendre des mesures proactives qui facilitent les futurs changements et ralentissent la dégradation des architectures des logiciels. D'une part, le maintien d'un logiciel sans la compréhension des les dépendances entre ses artefacts peut conduire à l'introduction de défauts. D'autre part, lorsque les développeurs manquent de connaissances sur l'impact de leurs activités de maintenance, ils peuvent introduire des défauts de conception, qui ont un impact négatif sur l'évolution du logiciel. Ainsi, les développeurs ont besoin de mécanismes pour comprendre comment le changement d'un artefact impacte le reste du logiciel. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons trois contributions principales : La spécification de deux nouveaux patrons de changement et leurs utilisations pour fournir aux développeurs des informations utiles concernant les dépendances de co-changement. La spécification de la relation entre les patrons d'évolutions des artefacts et les fautes. La découverte de la relation entre les dépendances des anti-patrons et la prédisposition des différentes composantes d'un logiciel aux fautes. / Program maintenance accounts for the largest part of the costs of any program. During maintenance activities, developers implement changes (sometimes simultaneously) on artefacts to fix bugs and to implement new requirements. Thus, developers need knowledge to identify hidden dependencies among programs artefacts and detect correlated artefacts. As programs evolved, their designs become more complex over time and harder to change. In the absence of the necessary knowledge on artefacts dependencies, developers could introduce design defects and faults that causes development and maintenance costs to rise. Therefore, developers must understand the dependencies among program artefacts and take proactive steps to facilitate future changes and minimize fault proneness. On the one hand, maintaining a program without understanding the different dependencies between their artefacts may lead to the introduction of faults. On the other hand, when developers lack knowledge about the impact of their maintenance activities, they may introduce design defects, which have a negative impact on program evolution. Thus, developers need mechanisms to understand how a change to an artefact will impact the rest of the programs artefacts and tools to detect design defects impact. In this thesis, we propose three principal contributions. The first contribution is two novel change patterns to model new co-change and change propagation scenarios. We introduce the Asynchrony change pattern, corresponding to macro co-changes, i.e., of files that co-change within a large time interval (change periods), and the Dephase change pattern, corresponding to dephase macro co-changes, i.e., macro co-changes that always happen with the same shifts in time. We present our approach, named Macocha, and we show that such new change patterns provide interesting information to developers. The second contribution is proposing a novel approach to analyse the evolution of different classes in object-oriented programs and to link different evolution behaviour to faults. In particular, we define an evolution model for each class to study the evolution and the co-evolution dependencies among classes and to relate such dependencies with fault-proneness. The third contribution concerns design defect dependencies impact. We propose a study to mine the link between design defect dependencies, such as co-change dependencies and static relationships, and fault proneness. We found that the negative impact of design defects propagate through their dependencies. The three contributions are evaluated on open-source programs.

In this paper I pay attention to video editation issue. Firstly the basic terminology is explained, then the history of analog editation is described and further more even digital editation as well. At this spot, very interesting history of development of this field isn't forgotten and also the architecture of video editing software is described as we know them today. The most used digital forrmats are summarized as well. In next chapters the design of simple video editing application is explained. The applied technologies are briefly described and the decision of the choice is clarified. The result of whole work is a library of tools for video processing applications development demonstrated in a simple application.