The social and economic contribution of tourism to local communities is now being recognised as one of the most vital aspects for the tourism industry. Literature on national parks emphasises the importance of relations between parks and communities, as well as knowledge and understanding of the social and economic impacts of parks on the development of local communities. Although national parks are seen as major tourism assets and the vital role that they play in adjacent communities is understood, still little is known about the socio-economic contribution of these parks to their respective local economies and communities. Socio-economic impact study is important since it provides information that can influence a community's attitudes and perceptions and accordingly, its behaviour, which may create a cohesive society which is important for the success of national parks. The primary goal-of this study was to determine the socio-economic impact of the Wilderness National Park (WNP) on the community of Wilderness. To achieve the above goal, secondary objectives were set, namely: to determine the socio-economic benefits of Wilderness National Park, to determine the social impact of the WNP on the community of Wilderness, to determine the length of residency as an influential factor in the social impact of tourism and to draw conclusions and make recommendations based on the results of the study. Three surveys were conducted (as quantitative research): a community survey (101 questionnaires), a business survey in Wilderness (22 questionnaires) and a tourist survey (85 questionnaires) of tourists visiting the Wilderness National Park. The research outcome contains two components: Article 1 (Chapter 2), a socio-economic impact study (where all three surveys were used); and Article 2 (Chapter 3), a social impact study of length of residency (where only the community survey was used). Research for both articles was undertaken at Wilderness. Article 1 is titled: "The socio-economic benefits of Wilderness National Park". The main purpose of this article was to determine the socio-economic benefits of the WNP to the community of Wilderness. Results indicated that the Park has an impact in terms of production, income generation and employment, and that it is also achieving its goal with regard to conservation, creating economic opportunities and involving the community of Wilderness. Only 24% of businesses indicated that their existence is due to the Wilderness National Park. However, guesthouses and Bed and Breakfast establishments indicated that they benefit most from the Park since 62,1% of the accommodation units' turnover is due to the Park. Food and restaurants indicated that 7,5% of their business is due to the Park, while tourism services estimated this contribution at 33,3%. The results confirm that the total economic leakage percentage is well above 50%, indicating that the urban areas face high leakages. However, in terms of employment creation, the fact that 100% of all workers live in the area under consideration is an indication that the benefits of the Park reach the community members. Overall, the results indicated that the total impact of the Wilderness National Park on the local economy was R12,8 million and that it is an effect of the total spending by visitors. Aspects driving the social value/benefits include improvement of the area; that the Park leads to an increased awareness of nature and wildlife; that it preserves local culture and nature; that the appearance of the area has improved; and that the Park provides the community with an opportunity to visit natural areas. Results further indicated that the Park has a greater social impact/benefit than economic impact/benefit because it is situated in an affluent community. Article 2 is titled: "Length of residency as an influential factor in the social impact of tourism". The main aim of this article was to determine if length of residency influences the social impact of the influence on the community of Wilderness. It further showed that length of residency helps predict positive and negative perceptions of the residents in terms of the environmental, social and economic aspects of tourism. It was found that, since to the establishment of the WNP, the residents which have been living in Wilderness for a shorter period of time indicated that they experienced the social aspects positively, the economic aspects both as equally positive and negative, but regard the environmental aspects as more positive than negative, whereas the residents that have been living in Wilderness for a longer period indicated that they experienced the environmental aspects positively, the social aspects more negatively, and a more negative than positive experience regarding the economic aspects. Thus, length of residency is definitely an influential factor in the social impact of tourism on the community of Wilderness. The results of both articles confirm that the community felt that the Park does have a positive to very positive effect on the quality of the community and has a greater social, rather than economic, impact on the community of Wilderness. The results indicated that length of residency does help predict perceptions of social impacts and is thus definitely an influential factor of the social impact of tourism on the community of Wilderness. This study contributes to the literature available on the (1) socio-economic impacts/benefits of urban parks (WNP), and (2) length of residency as an influential factor in social impacts of tourism. / Thesis (M.A. (Tourism))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.

The social and economic contribution of tourism to local communities is now being recognised as one of the most vital aspects for the tourism industry. Literature on national parks emphasises the importance of relations between parks and communities, as well as knowledge and understanding of the social and economic impacts of parks on the development of local communities. Although national parks are seen as major tourism assets and the vital role that they play in adjacent communities is understood, still little is known about the socio-economic contribution of these parks to their respective local economies and communities. Socio-economic impact study is important since it provides information that can influence a community's attitudes and perceptions and accordingly, its behaviour, which may create a cohesive society which is important for the success of national parks. The primary goal-of this study was to determine the socio-economic impact of the Wilderness National Park (WNP) on the community of Wilderness. To achieve the above goal, secondary objectives were set, namely: to determine the socio-economic benefits of Wilderness National Park, to determine the social impact of the WNP on the community of Wilderness, to determine the length of residency as an influential factor in the social impact of tourism and to draw conclusions and make recommendations based on the results of the study. Three surveys were conducted (as quantitative research): a community survey (101 questionnaires), a business survey in Wilderness (22 questionnaires) and a tourist survey (85 questionnaires) of tourists visiting the Wilderness National Park. The research outcome contains two components: Article 1 (Chapter 2), a socio-economic impact study (where all three surveys were used); and Article 2 (Chapter 3), a social impact study of length of residency (where only the community survey was used). Research for both articles was undertaken at Wilderness. Article 1 is titled: "The socio-economic benefits of Wilderness National Park". The main purpose of this article was to determine the socio-economic benefits of the WNP to the community of Wilderness. Results indicated that the Park has an impact in terms of production, income generation and employment, and that it is also achieving its goal with regard to conservation, creating economic opportunities and involving the community of Wilderness. Only 24% of businesses indicated that their existence is due to the Wilderness National Park. However, guesthouses and Bed and Breakfast establishments indicated that they benefit most from the Park since 62,1% of the accommodation units' turnover is due to the Park. Food and restaurants indicated that 7,5% of their business is due to the Park, while tourism services estimated this contribution at 33,3%. The results confirm that the total economic leakage percentage is well above 50%, indicating that the urban areas face high leakages. However, in terms of employment creation, the fact that 100% of all workers live in the area under consideration is an indication that the benefits of the Park reach the community members. Overall, the results indicated that the total impact of the Wilderness National Park on the local economy was R12,8 million and that it is an effect of the total spending by visitors. Aspects driving the social value/benefits include improvement of the area; that the Park leads to an increased awareness of nature and wildlife; that it preserves local culture and nature; that the appearance of the area has improved; and that the Park provides the community with an opportunity to visit natural areas. Results further indicated that the Park has a greater social impact/benefit than economic impact/benefit because it is situated in an affluent community. Article 2 is titled: "Length of residency as an influential factor in the social impact of tourism". The main aim of this article was to determine if length of residency influences the social impact of the influence on the community of Wilderness. It further showed that length of residency helps predict positive and negative perceptions of the residents in terms of the environmental, social and economic aspects of tourism. It was found that, since to the establishment of the WNP, the residents which have been living in Wilderness for a shorter period of time indicated that they experienced the social aspects positively, the economic aspects both as equally positive and negative, but regard the environmental aspects as more positive than negative, whereas the residents that have been living in Wilderness for a longer period indicated that they experienced the environmental aspects positively, the social aspects more negatively, and a more negative than positive experience regarding the economic aspects. Thus, length of residency is definitely an influential factor in the social impact of tourism on the community of Wilderness. The results of both articles confirm that the community felt that the Park does have a positive to very positive effect on the quality of the community and has a greater social, rather than economic, impact on the community of Wilderness. The results indicated that length of residency does help predict perceptions of social impacts and is thus definitely an influential factor of the social impact of tourism on the community of Wilderness. This study contributes to the literature available on the (1) socio-economic impacts/benefits of urban parks (WNP), and (2) length of residency as an influential factor in social impacts of tourism. / Thesis (M.A. (Tourism))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.

Accuracy of measurements is one of the most vital issues for industry and society as a whole. In this context, medical devices create a significant impact on the costs of health care services, such as additional medicine treatments, longer hospital stays, etc. The main aim of this thesis is to analyze and explain the use of metrology services and the socio-economic impact of medical metrology on consumers in Turkey. A framework for economic impact assessment of the calibration services for three specific medical devices, namely patient bedside monitors, ventilators and pacemakers &ndash / both of which are required for use especially after open-heart surgeries, has been developed and a cost-benefit analysis has been performed. The Benefit-to-Cost ratios of the calibration activity on patient bedside monitors, ventilators and pacemakers were calculated as 36.74, 2.22 and 1.79, respectively. Calibration services seem to have a very favorable Benefit-to-Cost ratio even based on the lower-bound estimations.

This thesis utilizes input-output analysis to calculate the economic impacts from potential prion diseases outbreaks in Alberta and Canada. Both chronic wasting disease and bovine spongiform encephalopathy have the capacity to not only affect the farmed cervid and cattle industries, but to impact all industries with direct and indirect links to these sectors. Cervid sector shocks consistently yield small spillover effects on the economy in all models. In contrast, the cattle sector generates larger multiplier effects. A worst-case scenario that reduces cervid sector output to zero yields total economic losses of $11.5 million in Alberta, and $43.7 million in Canada. A reduction of cattle sector output to zero results in total economic losses of $6.4 billion in Alberta, and $34.9 billion in Canada. / Agricultural and Resource Economics

145f. / Submitted by Suelen Reis (suziy.ellen@gmail.com) on 2013-05-08T17:20:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissert_Carolina Petitinga.pdf: 1727969 bytes, checksum: 191042735ef5a4122a27f0953b682794 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Alda Lima da Silva(sivalda@ufba.br) on 2013-05-08T19:03:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 dissert_Carolina Petitinga.pdf: 1727969 bytes, checksum: 191042735ef5a4122a27f0953b682794 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-08T19:03:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissert_Carolina Petitinga.pdf: 1727969 bytes, checksum: 191042735ef5a4122a27f0953b682794 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Os festivais de música têm dado visibilidade às cidades e movimentado a economia local, através da geração de emprego e renda. Eles atraem investidores, empresas, visitantes e profissionais qualificados. Funcionam também como alternativas para a distribuição da música e servem de vitrine para novos talentos musicais. Muitas cidades tornam-se conhecidas e são incluídas no roteiro de férias de muitos turistas por conta dos festivais que realizam, alguns deles mundialmente famosos. Esta dissertação examina o significado desses festivais para o turismo, geração de emprego e renda, produção de música independente e marketing da cidade, através do estudo de caso do Festival de Verão Salvador. A partir da revisão da literatura especializada, de entrevistas qualificadas e de uma pesquisa amostral aleatória e estratificada realizada in loco, aplicou-se a metodologia padrão de estudos de impacto econômico de eventos. / Salvador

El arrendamiento financiero es una alternativa de financiamiento que tiene un tiempo considerable de vigencia en el Perú desarrollándose en las empresas de telecomunicaciones y energía fortaleciendo sus aspectos económicos y financieros. La empresa Quanta Services desconoce sus ventajas y desventajas que conllevan al financiamiento de dicho contrato para la financiación de activos fijos (Excavadoras, equipos de procesamiento de datos, edificaciones y terrenos). Con relación al arrendamiento financiero que se aplica en el Perú. Esta normada por:  Norma Internacional de Contabilidad (NIC 17 - Arrendamiento) actualmente NIIF16.  Comité de Interpretaciones de Normas Internacionales de Contable (CINIIF 4 – Determinación si un Acuerdo representa un Arrendamiento Financiero). En tal sentido el Arrendamiento Financiero - Impacto Económico perjudicara a Quanta Services ya que no renovara sus bienes patrimoniales perjudicando a los clientes y usando estos bienes de manera reiterativa sin obtener resultados óptimos. El Arrendamiento Financiero - Impacto Financiero perjudicara a Quanta Services ya que no gozara de los beneficios tributarios y económicos así como también la falta de liquidez para poder responder a sus obligaciones futuras. Leasing is a financing alternative that has a considerable force in the Perú develop in telecommunications companies and energy to strengthen its economic and financial aspects. Quanta Services company is unknown its advantages and disadvantages that lead to the financing of that contract for the financing of fixed assets (data processing, buildings and land equipment excavators). In relation to leasing that is applied in the Peru. This regulated by: 1) International Accounting Standard (IAS 17 - leases) currently NIIF16. 2) International accounting standards interpretations Committee (IFRIC 4 - determining whether an agreement represents a financial lease). In this sense the financial lease - economic impact would undermine Quanta Services since not renovate their assets hurting customers and using these assets in a repetitive manner without obtaining optimal results. Leasing - Financial impact would undermine Quanta Services since not enjoyed economic and tax benefits as well as also the lack of liquidity to meet its future obligations.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:49:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:02:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 09835.pdf: 8473588 bytes, checksum: 4482055e72316557d7c56784328b4f09 (MD5) / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:34:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:04:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:49:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:02:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 09835.pdf: 8473588 bytes, checksum: 4482055e72316557d7c56784328b4f09 (MD5) / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:34:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:04:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / O conceito de qualidade dos alimentos, na visão do consumidor, reflete a satisfação de características como sabor, aroma, aparência, embalagem e disponibilidade. Fatores econômicos e sociais como o custo e hábitos alimentares geralmente também têm influência sobre a escolha do produto. A irradiação é uma técnica eficiente na conservação dos alimentos, pois reduz as perdas naturais causadas pelos processos fisiológicos, além de eliminar ou reduzir microrganismos, parasitas e pragas, sem causar qualquer prejuízo ao alimento, tornando-os mais seguros ao consumidor; porém, pode haver aumento no custo dos alimentos. Pesquisas apontam que a praticidade é uma característica já incorporada pelo consumidor, o preço pode ser um fator de restrição à popularização do produto irradiado, embora alguns consumidores considerem que, devido ao fato de evitar desperdícios, o aumento do custo pode ser viável. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o custo do uso da tecnologia de irradiação de alimentos e verificar se os consumidores, quando informados sobre as vantagens na segurança alimentar, estão dispostos a pagar por este tratamento, bem como o quanto estão dispostos a pagar. A metodologia consistiu em um estudo sobre a viabilidade econômica da implantação da tecnologia de irradiação de alimentos por meio de um levantamento sistemático da literatura especializada, com o intuito de verificar o custo de implantação e o acréscimo que o produtor terá em relação ao custo da tecnologia. Também foi realizada uma pesquisa em uma Instituição de Ensino Superior sobre a predisposição do consumidor em arcar com este custo. Os resultados do estudo indicam um acréscimo, ao produtor, que pode variar de US$ 0,01 a US$ 0,25 por quilograma e também indicam que 75% dos consumidores entrevistados aceitam pagar mais pelo alimento irradiado. A partir desses resultados, concluiu-se que quanto maior o poder aquisitivo, maior a predisposição em arcar com o acréscimo ao custo do alimento irradiado. / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP