This study explores the impact family separation had on both the child and the parent after reunification. Semi-Structured qualitative interviews were conducted. One participant was left behind by parents while they immigrated without proper documentation and eventually reunited with them. There was one mother who immigrated to reunite with her children. There were also four parent participants who left their children behind while immigrating into the United States. This study provides a glimpse of what an undocumented family reunification looks like

<p>Since the implementation of NAFTA in 1994 there has been an incentive to create free trade agreement with all the American countries. The next step to reach a free trade agreement like this has been the CAFTA, where also the Central American countries are involved in an agreement with the U.S. El Salvador is part of this agreement. The project has both been criticized and praised. Due to these different opinions the thesis wants to give answers to how CAFTA will affect different sectors in the economy in El Salvador and how the agreement will affect the people working in these sectors. The studied sectors are the agriculture, the assembly industry and the micro, small, and medium businesses in the informal sector. With the help of theories about free trade, specialization, factor mobility and growth, together with information about the experiences from Mexico and interviews from El Salvador, the answers are given to the problem. El Salvador will have comparative advantages in some products in the agriculture sector. The assembly industry will be able to compete if they can stand against the competition with China. The micro, small, and medium businesses are more orientated to the local market and will not be affected. In all sectors the lack of support from the government is a problem. The FDI is expected to increase but there will not be any technological transfer. Workers in the farm sector will move to the cities where they will find jobs in the assemblies or in the informal sector. Those who do not find jobs will emigrate to the U.S.</p>

Since the implementation of NAFTA in 1994 there has been an incentive to create free trade agreement with all the American countries. The next step to reach a free trade agreement like this has been the CAFTA, where also the Central American countries are involved in an agreement with the U.S. El Salvador is part of this agreement. The project has both been criticized and praised. Due to these different opinions the thesis wants to give answers to how CAFTA will affect different sectors in the economy in El Salvador and how the agreement will affect the people working in these sectors. The studied sectors are the agriculture, the assembly industry and the micro, small, and medium businesses in the informal sector. With the help of theories about free trade, specialization, factor mobility and growth, together with information about the experiences from Mexico and interviews from El Salvador, the answers are given to the problem. El Salvador will have comparative advantages in some products in the agriculture sector. The assembly industry will be able to compete if they can stand against the competition with China. The micro, small, and medium businesses are more orientated to the local market and will not be affected. In all sectors the lack of support from the government is a problem. The FDI is expected to increase but there will not be any technological transfer. Workers in the farm sector will move to the cities where they will find jobs in the assemblies or in the informal sector. Those who do not find jobs will emigrate to the U.S.

Univ., Diss.--Lund, 2005.

Texte remanié de: Dissertation--Evangelisch-Theologische Fakultät--Nürnberg-Erlangen--Friedrich-Alexander Universität, 2003. / Bibliogr. p. [423]-452.

This report explores the evolution of advocacy strategies amongst human rights organizations in El Salvador over the past two decades, focusing in particular on domestic activists’ perceived need to use transnational venues for activism in order to achieve positive domestic results. The Salvadoran political transition in 2009 is used to examine how changing political opportunity structures at the domestic level affect human rights organizations’ transnational strategies. Extensive in-country fieldwork in 2011 involved eighteen in-depth interviews with activists, academics, and government officials, four months of participant observation with one of the human rights organizations of interest, and primary document content analysis. The results of this research allow for two human rights networks to be considered: the historical human rights movement seeking justice and reparations for human rights violations committed during the Salvadoran civil war, and the contemporary migrants’ rights movement seeking both protection and reparations for Salvadoran migrants and their families. The findings suggest that despite significant openness at the domestic level, activists perceive transnational strategies as an important complement to domestic strategies that allow them to achieve positive concrete change and protect against future reversals in policy. / text

For many years, El Salvador and Guatemala were submerged in brutal and bloody conflicts that cost the lives of tens of thousands. United Nations-brokered Peace Accords officially brought the years of violence to an end in 1992 and 1996, respectively. As the two countries slowly emerged from their respective Cold War-inspired internal conflicts, the question of what place the past would have in the present came to the fore. This dissertation explores the way past violence is talked about in the public sphere. It analyzes post-Peace Accords public discourse in both countries, with a particular focus on the issues of memory, forgetting, truth, reconciliation, and related terms. It examines the different tasks memory and truth were assigned in the Peace Accords, especially in relation to the truth/truth-like commissions created out of those accords, and in the years since, and looks at the language those who reject memory and truth use to oppose them. This dissertation argues that a common discursive framework exists in Guatemala that dictates that all sectors must insist on the importance of remembering the violence to prevent repetition. This is the human rights community's discourse, but it is one which even conservatives who wish for forgetting must repeat. Conservatives can only promote forgetting within the limits of this discursive framework, and they do so by talking about amnesty, perdón (pardon/forgiveness), and reconciliation. The situation in El Salvador is different. There is no common discursive framework that demands memory to prevent repetition and promote reconciliation. Rather than this, conservatives openly insist on amnesty and amnesia, while the human rights community insists on truth and memory. The discursive battle between forgetting and truth is El Salvador's discursive framework. Yet talking about memory, truth, reconciliation, and related topics leaves space to promote different truths, memories, or narratives of the past. This, indeed, is precisely what happens in both countries as different sectors actively promote their own truth, memory, or narrative, especially at moments of rupture or when their truth or discourse is challenged, as in 2012 when Salvadoran president Mauricio Funes asked for perdón for the El Mozote massacre and during Guatemala's 2013 genocide trial. Running throughout the discussion about discourse and discursive frameworks is a critique of the insistence on the existence of one truth, memory, or narrative of the past. This is the foundation on which truth and truth-like commissions are built. Yet rather than focusing on the truth of the past, this dissertation argues that the process of openly talking about the past and sharing truths and experiences will do more to contribute to reconciliation and non-repetition than insisting that there is and can only be one truth and that everyone must embrace it.

Archaeologists have long labored under the implicit assumption that the archaeological record is a direct reflection of past human behaviors. However, numerous cultural and environmental processes intervene between past behaviors and their reconstruction through archaeological inference. This study examines the interface between household archaeology and formation processes through the study of domestic materials from two contemporaneous sites in the Zapotitan Valley of El Salvador that were occupied by people who spoke the same language and belonged to the same regional political system. Ceren was a small village that was occupied for several decades before it was deeply buried by the eruption of Loma Caldera volcano. San Andres was a much larger center that also was affected by several eruptions, but did not experience long-term catastrophic abandonment or exceptional preservation. The research examines the effects of cultural formation processes, including reuse, discard, abandonment, and post-abandonment disturbance processes, and non-cultural formation processes, such as effects of catastrophic volcanic burial, and the effects of plants and animals. It compares the de facto refuse from Ceren with discarded materials from Ceren, and San Andres using the discard equation and methods developed in accumulations research to build a foundation for more generally applicable models to interpret household remains in western El Salvador and throughout Mesoamerica.

Microcredits have become a popular way to include poor people in the financial market. Former research on the impact on business performance has provided divergent findings and its impact on the Salvadoran market is not yet investigated. This thesis takes on this problem by analysing and evaluating how the microenterprises in Usulután, El Salvador are affected by the participation in a microcredit program. By using a quantitative method the business performance of a treatment group is compared to that of a control group. The results show that participation in a microcredit program enlarged the enterprise size in terms of sales, total assets and equity, but did not have any significant impact on business profit, marginal return to capital or fixed asset. Regressions are conducted to describe what individual characteristics of the clients are the most important for the business performance. Clients with higher education and male clients over performed other clients.

SONESA: 薩爾瓦多養蜂業產品製造及外銷之商業企劃書 / Beekeeping is the maintenance of honey bee colonies, commonly in hives, by humans. In order to collect their honey and other products that the hive produce (including beeswax, propolis, pollen and royal jelly). The beekeeping dates to 15,00 years ago; efforts to domesticate them are shown in Egyptian art around 4,500 years ago. The Beekeeping has evolved, into what we know now a day, a worldwide industry. Studies had allowed us to have more than one use for the honey on our daily life. The Worldwide Honey market is prognosticated to reach 1.9 million tons by 2015. Most of the consumers are in Europe Countries, having China as the biggest producer with 26% of the worldwide production, EU with 13% followed by US with 5% the rest is divided among other countries. Due the constant growth of the Honey Industry new countries had come into the picture. Creating new products distinctive from the regions of origin. Using the honey from beauty products to High Organic Quality Honey made of a specific plant blossom, with different properties and flavor. Among the new countries into the Honey Market we can find El Salvador, where new treats had been design to boost the export from these countries and help in the inner production. This paper proposes, taking the already existing business platform the export honey business, to introduce a new product into the existing markets. This product will come from Mango´s Trees and Coffee Bean´s Tree Blossom, creating a unique type of honey. In which thanks to the weather condition in El Salvador it´s possible to have a constant year production. The present’s trends in the Honey market are the best in order to get in the picture, between the Honey producers in the worldwide market. Maintain the “Know How” to produce a High Quality Organic Honey, which will guarantee a long run success in the honey market sustainability of business model.