Widespread media reports have described an increase in heat-related deaths among undocumented immigrant border crossers in Southern Arizona in recent years. The factual basis and important risk factors associated with these deaths have not been well studied. Although, the most common cause of heat fatalities is environmental exposure during heat waves, deserts of the southwestern USA are known for temperatures that exceed this threshold for 30 days or more. Heat-related fatalities, however, have been and continue to be rare among residents of the region. Undocumented immigration across the US-Mexico border into Arizona has likely been robust for decades, although accurate measures of the volume are not available due to its covert nature. This thesis research focuses on the occurrence and distribution of heat deaths among undocumented US-Mexico border crossers in Pima County, Arizona. Implications of this work include improving future research, informing public health policy and planning of prevention strategies.

The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of undocumented immigration on the United States, specifically the economic implications they may carry and the government effectiveness in managing this population. Utilizing the method of qualitative content analysis, this study examined the various aspects of the U.S. economy affected by this population and the nation's past and current immigration policies. The research found the undocumented population to be an expense on the host economy through their use of social and public services, with expenses even higher in the Southwest Border States. It is important to note, however, that there are benefits to providing these services. In addition amnesty-type policies were shown to be ineffective at managing the population due to various deficiencies. The nation's past experience with the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA) is a strong example. / McAnulty College and Graduate School of Liberal Arts; / Graduate Center for Social and Public Policy / MA; / Thesis;

Magister Artium (Development Studies) - MA (DVS) / A large number of people have found themselves in South Africa as economic refugees due to the economic decline that has been experienced in Zimbabwe over the years. A significant number are undocumented and therefore face different challenges compared to other groups. Little research has been done to look at this particular group. The research gives a background of the state of the economy and the political reasons that have acted as a push factor to the people. The research seeks to ascertain why and how a group of migrants viewed as especially vulnerable remit. In answering this question, the thesis addresses specific questions such as; the types of jobs and socioeconomic background of migrants, frequency and volumes of remitting and channels of remitting. These questions were guided by the International Theory Migration and an empirical review of motives for remitting.

Magister Artium (Child and Family Studies) - MA(CFS) / The aim of this research was to explore and describe the challenges of 'undocumented' Zimbabwean immigrants with regards to preserving their family and identity while in South Africa. Three main objectives identified which were: (i) To explore and describe what family and identity means to the 'undocumented' Zimbabwean immigrants. (ii) To explore and describe 'undocumented' Zimbabwean immigrants' challenges with regards to their family life and identity upon arrival in South Africa. (iii) To explore and describe 'undocumented' Zimbabwean immigrants' challenges at preserving and maintaining their family relations and identity while in South Africa. A qualitative study utilising explorative and descriptive research designs was employed in a bid to answer the research question, namely: How do 'undocumented' Zimbabwean immigrants preserve their family and identity while in South Africa? Data were collected by means of unstructured individual interviews and transcribed verbatim. Initially, six participants were purposively selected and they in turn directed the researcher through snowball sampling to the other nine participants who fit the research criteria until data saturation had been attained. The interviews were analysed according to Creswell's (2008) steps as well as guidelines for phenomenological data. Data were also analyzed to ensure its dependability, conformability, transferability and credibility. The researcher adhered to ethical considerations of confidentiality, self-determination, no harm, as well as beneficence. From the data emerged four main themes i.e. • 'undocumented' Zimbabwean immigrants in SA's challenges in preserving their families • 'undocumented' Zimbabwean immigrants in SA's challenges in preserving their identity 'undocumented' Zimbabwean immigrants' challenges relating to their journey to SA • challenges experienced by 'undocumented' Zimbabwean immigrants during their stay in SA. Based on these findings, recommendations were made to social workers, social service professionals, governmental and Non-Governmental Organizations on how to mitigate the challenges that come with 'undocumentation.'

This study focuses on the labor market outcomes of immigration flows. To obtain a reliable view, I try to find evidence from the agricultural sector, whereby around half of the workers are undocumented. In recessionary periods, the labor demand might shift to the left in an unobservable manner. The reasons mainly lie that the steady demand for major fresh vegetables.1 Besides, most of the foreign-born farmworkers are seasonal. Hence, the job opportunities might maintain a similar level as at ordinary times. In other words, the agricultural sector might hold additional job vacancies while other sectors are facing a rising unemployment rate at recessionary times. During recessions, the undocumented immigrants could be crowded out by documented workers who were laid off from other sectors, or they could be unaffected because less than two percent of the US's native-born labor force would like working on farms. This study addresses: (1) what are the compositional changes of foreign-born farmworkers? (2) What are the changes in hours worked of foreign-born farmworkers? And (3) what are the changes in stays of those farmworkers if they enter the US at recessionary times? This study reveals that during recessions, the share of documented foreign-born farmworkers, the share of newcomers, and the share of undocumented newcomers decreases.3 The number of hours worked rises for both foreign-born documented and undocumented agricultural workers. Shorter duration spells are observed if foreign-born farmworkers enter the US during recessions, especially for foreign-born documented workers. These findings suggest a possible downsized labor supply in recessions and employed agricultural workers could choose to work more hours if they want to.4 Also, during recessions, foreign-born documented agricultural workers tend to shorten their stays. Overall, these findings together demonstrate that recessions deter immigration flows.

In the last few decades Saudi Arabia and Jeddah has experienced a massive flow of undocumented migrants. This phenomenon is particularly interesting in Saudi Arabia because it involves migrants from different continents and countries, offering the opportunity of a cross-sectional analysis of their communities. This thesis will focus in particular on the case of Jeddah as a case study that serves as a representative microcosm for the whole country. For the first time, using a qualitative analysis, a researcher has been able to access some of the undocumented migrant communities living in the city in their own environment and, through face-to-face interviews, to gather their personal narratives about their lives as the “undocumented.” In particular, this research will analyse twelve communities chosen for being the most representative in the city of Jeddah: the African (e.g., Ethiopian, Eritrean, Somali, Sudanese, Chadian, Nigerian, Burkinabe, Ghanaian, and Cameroonian), the Yemeni, and the Filipino and Indonesian ones. Despite sharing the common experience of living as undocumented in the Kingdom, their relationship with the members of their communities, with the other communities and with the Saudi society are as varied as their backgrounds. This study also offers the opportunity of a discussion on the immigration policies adopted by Saudi Arabia and on their failure in tackling the problems of the undocumented migrants on its soil. In this regard, the study ends with recommendations for Saudi policy makers. Due to the sensitivity of the subject, the researcher guaranteed full confidentiality and anonymity to the interviewees from all the communities who accepted to share their experiences with him.

September 11th 2001 led to an increase in the intensity of the already existing discourses surrounding what it means to be an American, with a particular focus on the Southern border of the United States and Mexican immigration as a perceived threat to national security. This study seeks to address the Latino threat narrative (Chavez, 2008) through measuring how perceptions of stereotypes and realistic and symbolic threat differ as a function of foreigness using a 2 (positive vs. negative scenario) x 4 (Mexican American, undocumented immigrant, Latino and Anglo) design. / text

The U.S. Customs Border Patrol reported a total of 67,339 children crossed the Mexican border illegally into the Unites States in the 2014 fiscal year. The Office of Refugee Resettlement found 34% came from Honduras, 32% from Guatemala and 29% from El Salvador. The United States has been strained with the task of finding, providing and funding adequate housing, health care and education amongst other things for these minors while they wait for court immigration proceedings. The purpose of this research was to explore the barriers social and human service agencies face in finding a safe, stable and nurturing environment for Central American unaccompanied undocumented minors in the United States. A qualitative method to understand the phenomenon was taken. This study revealed six common themes: 1) barriers in providing a safe, stable and nurturing environment was lack of the English language in the children and stigma surrounding immigration 2) barriers in education were lack of English language, financial situation and lack of transcripts or history of the child’s educational background, 3) barriers in health care was the limited access to health care 4) barriers in housing were crowded living situation, lack of affordable housing and placement in foster care, 5) barriers in language were the child’s limited knowledge of the English language, lack of bilingual providers, lack of educational material in Spanish, child’s limited knowledge of Spanish language, 6) other barriers not inquired about were the participants lack of knowledge of available resources for the children and the child’s immigration status.

The study describes the labour conditions for migrants in Sweden and aims at examining who is to benefit from increased labour migration. The qualitative method with a literature review is complemented with an interview in order to incorporate undocumented migrants’ perspective. Labour migration is discussed with the possible progress towards circular migration and thereafter incorporated in analyse with the dual labour market theory. The results show that it is foremost Swedes and migrants from inside the EU/EEA region that benefit from labour migration while migrants from outside the region will have to follow employers’ needs. This has lead to labour permits in low wage sectors were migrants supplement to structural inflation. The demand for cheap labour has also led to the exploitation of undocumented migrants who are paid starvation salaries. If these services are increasingly requested, serious employers might find it difficult to stand against decreasing minimum salaries and the welfare will decrease for more groups of employers. Meanwhile, changing demography is predicted to necessitate increased migration to sustain an economical growth in Sweden. This would also suggest that Sweden receives the main benefit from increased labour migration.

It is estimated that approximately 65,000 undocumented students graduate from U.S. high schools every year across the United States. However, only five to ten percent of these students go on to college (NCSL, 2011). Under U.S. law, undocumented students who wish to pursue a higher education are not eligible to receive financial aid and are treated as international students who must pay out-of-state tuition rates even if they have lived in the U.S. for most of their lives. Since federal legislation to help undocumented students enroll in colleges and universities has not passed to date, some states have taken the matter into their own hands and enacted a state version of the DREAM Act making undocumented students eligible to receive in-state tuition benefits and thus making college more affordable and feasible. Other states however have enacted opposing legislation creating financial obstacles for undocumented students to attend public colleges or universities or even prohibiting them from enrolling or attending these postsecondary institutions. The present study aims at examining states with current statutes or regulations either for or against in-state tuition benefits. Demographic data from 2000 and 2010 of the Latino populations in selected states are used to examine for associations between Latino population growth and the condition of population anxiety (Bobo & Hutchings, 1996; Semyonov et al., 2004; Fossett & Kiecolt, 1989; Esses et al., 2001) that might lead states to anti-immigrant legislation. The analysis indicates that states that have passed legislation to restrict undocumented students from public universities tend to have higher levels of recent Latino population growth compared with states that permit undocumented students to enroll in public universities and colleges. In addition, other factors, such as Latino historical presence and advocacy coalitions, are also assessed for their significance in impacting state legislation affecting the ability of undocumented students to attend public universities. / text