Dans le contexte actuel de transformation numérique, Air Liquide souhaite moderniser le suivi logistique de ses bouteilles de gaz à l'aide de la technologie d'identification radio (RFID) à ultra haute fréquence (UHF) qui remplacerait la solution code-barres actuelle et permettrait de dépasser certaines de ses limites. La numérisation de la traçabilité aura pour conséquence en outre d'enrichir l'interaction entre les actifs industriels et le système de gestion et de production pour ainsi créer l'écosystème IOT (Internet Of Things) spécifique à l'entreprise. Le recours à la RFID UHF est de nos jours largement répandu pour la logistique et la gestion de stocks. Cependant, les environnements métalliques, comme celui que l'on trouve avec les bouteilles de gaz, induisent des perturbations qui dégradent fortement la qualité de la communication radio fréquence (RF). Cela constitue un frein au déploiement de cette technologie dans un tel cadre. Il est nécessaire de comprendre les perturbations induites par les milieux conducteurs afin de s'en affranchir et ainsi proposer une solution efficiente. En plus de cela, les faibles niveaux d'énergie mis en jeu impliquent qu'une étude de l'ensemble des points d'amélioration des dispositifs RFID UHF tant au niveau matériel que logiciel soit réalisée. De cette étude théorique, nous avons fait le choix de concentrer nos efforts sur la conception d'un tag RFID UHF pour objets métalliques répondant au cahier des charges spécifique de l'industriel. Pour aller plus loin dans l'optimisation de la logistique et de la gestion des stocks, nous nous sommes également penchés sur l'étude et la réalisation d'un circuit de récupération d'énergie RFID UHF pour tag augmenté passif équipé d'un capteur. L'objectif est d'apporter une information sur l'état de l'actif en plus de son identité tout en évitant les contraintes liées à la présence d'une batterie ou d'une pile. / In the current context of digital transformation, Air Liquide explores the use of Ultra High Frequency (UHF) Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) in the gas cylinders supply chain, as a replacement for the current, barcode-based, tracking and inventory solution. Digitalization will also provide the company an opportunity to develop its IOT ecosystem through enriched interaction between assets and their management system. UHF RFID is nowadays commonplace in logistics. However, metal surroundings as found in the gas cylinder's case, yield disturbances in the RF communication, and decreased inventory performances. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the adverse effects of metal surroundings to propose an ad-hoc solution. In addition, dealing with low levels of energy in the RF communication suggests leveraging both hardware and software aspects of RFID devices for potential performance improvements. On the basis of our theoretical study, we focus on the design and testing of an industrial UHF RFID tag suitable for the gas cylinder use case. To enable an even richer, more interactive supply chain, we also design and test an energy harvesting device for the UHF band, to power a tag enriched with an active sensor, without the logistic burden of a battery of limited durability.

Vibration measurements conducted in three vehicles windshields are used to determine frequency content in the windshield of moving vehicles. A piezoelectric energy harvester is modeled, and used in simulations to determine output voltage and power with measured acceleration signal as input.

The recent advancements in electronics and the advents of small scaled instruments has increased the attachment of life and functionality of devices to electrical power sources but at the same time granted the engineers and companies the ability to use smaller sources of power and batteries. Therefore, many scientists have tried to come up with new solutions for a power alternatives. Piezoelectric is a promising material which can readily produce continuous electric power from mechanical inputs. However, their power output is dependent upon several factors such as, system natural frequency, their position in the system, the direction of vibration and many other internal and external factors. In this research the working bandwidth of the system is increased through utilizing of two different piezoelectric beam in different directions. The dependency of output power with respect to rotation angle and also the frequency shift due to the rotation angle is studied.

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<p>Smart textiles, characterized by their ability to sense and react to various environmental stimuli, represent an evolution beyond conventional textiles, with wide-ranging applications across healthcare, sports, fashion, and defense sectors. However, the prevalent use of synthetic, petroleum-based fibers in the production of these textiles presents significant environmental and sustainability challenges. This thesis addresses this concern by exploring the functionalization of cellulose fibers—a biodegradable and renewable resource—for use in smart textiles.</p><p>The central objective of this research is to develop methodologies for the functionalization of cellulose fibers that can impart them with the requisite properties. We have developed a smart textile with integrated sensor networks and self-powering units, which features excellent stretchability, bendability, washability, and comfort, without additional uncomfortable, bulky, and rigid power sources. Via a facile infiltration process, an active polymer-based semiconductor is incorporated into the primary thread and textile towards the realization of a high-performance, self-powered biaxial motion detection, and sensing network.</p><p>The results demonstrate that, through strategic functionalization, cellulose fibers can indeed be transformed into smart materials, effectively integrating the benefits of interactive textiles with the sustainability of cellulose. By bridging the gap between sustainability and functionality, this thesis points towards a future where the textile industry can thrive on the intersection of ecological responsibility and technological innovation.</p>

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Nowadays, as aging population increasing yearly, the health care technologies for elder people who commonly have high blood pressure or Glaucoma issues have attracted much attention. In order to care of those people, implantable integrated circuits (ICs) in human body are the direct solution to have 24/7 days monitoring with real-time data for diagnosis by patients themselves or doctors. However, due to the small size requirement for the implanted ICs located in human organs, it's quite challenging to integrate with transmitting and receiving antenna in a single chip, especially operating in 5.8-GHz ISM band. This research proposes a new idea to solve the issue of integrating an on-chip antenna with implanted ICs. By adding an additional dielectric substrate upon the layer of silicon oxide in CMOS technology, utilizing the metal-6, it can form an extremely compact 3D-structure on-chip antenna which is able to be placed in human eye, heart or even in a few mm-diameter vessels. The proposed 3D on-chip antenna is only 1x1x2.8 mm3 with -10 dB gain and 10% efficiency, which has capability to communicate at least within 5 cm distance. The entire implanted battery-less wireless system has also been developed in this research. A designed 30% efficiency Native NMOS rectifier could generate 1 V and 1 mA to supply the designed low power transmitter including voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) and power amplifier (PA). The entire system performance is well evaluated by link budget analysis and the simulation result demonstrates the possibility and feasibility of future on-demand easy-to-design implantable SoC.