The aim of this thesis was to assess the differences in behavior of the two categories of beef cattle of Limousine breed, reared in the system without market production of milk, specifically heifers and cows with calves. Two seasons were selected (summer and winter) for the observation and the accent was on observing basic categories of behavior, such as feed intake, rest, standing and movement. The place where the research took place was the farm "Černěveský háj" located on the boundary of Strakonice, Prachatice and Budějovice district. Both behavioral studies were conducted for whole twenty-four hours. For night monitoring hunting camera with programmable video recording was used. The recorded data were written to the ethogram using descriptive interval method with length of interval of 10 minutes. During both observations the fundamental rules of ethology were respected. Traced values were evaluated by absolute time, its percentage and frequency and were subsequently completed with appropriate description. The results from this ethological research of heifers and cows with calves during two different seasons show that older cows have more regular and more keep basic categories of behavior during the day and more extend their regular behavior even throughout the year. Older subjects are able to make better use of pasture than heifers and address to it more time of the day (40% resp. 35%). During consummation of preserved feed ration heifers shortened their feed intake compared to cows (39% resp. 31%). By heifers there was also significant movement restriction, but to a lesser extent than in the case of cows. At the same time heifers prolonged period of rest from 33% to 50%. In conclusion, the obtained results show that the area in which the cows are kept is suitable for raising beef cattle without market production of milk. The breeder could only focus more on supplementing of graze with elements supporting natural welfare of beef cattle in year-round grazing.

The aim of this diploma thesis was to obtain basic information about the milking process and than formulate findings about the behavior of dairy cows during milking and after 30 minutes after milking. There were compared data obtained during the milking in the milking parlor with a robot and in conventional milking parlor. Ethological observation was conducted for 24 hours and was focused on all milked cows during three different seasons at two different farms. During the monitoring there were conducted observations on 862 pieces 478 pieces on the farm with a milking robot and 384 pieces on the farm with a herringbone milking parlor. The data collection took place during the observation of the Holstein cattle and was focused in three areas of animal behavior. There was compared the need for feed intake, drinking and lying down of cows 30 minutes after they leaved the milking equipment. Obtained results were evaluated by means of two programs Microsoft Excel and Statistics 9.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T13:53:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Thiago Jaccoud Machado.pdf: 1172469 bytes, checksum: adc200abdf68ac3f3c2306b567b5f258 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-24 / The objective of this research was to evaluate the ingestive behavior and nutrient intake of Santa Inês crossbred lambs fed Tifton 85 hay supplemented with concentrate. Twenty lambs, not neutered, with an initial live weight of 20.3 ± 3.6 kg, in a completely randomized design, with five repetitions were used. Four treatments were studied constituted by Tifton 85 hay associated to four concentrate levels (0.0%; 0.66; 1.33 e 2.0% LW). The diets were provided ad libitum twice a day and the animals were submitted to observation by 24 hours integral periods, in ten-minute intervals, to assess behavioral activities. Dry matter intake (DMI) was estimated through the external indicator technique using the LIPE®. Was no effect of concentrate level on DMI and CPI, over the time spent feeding (TAL) and rumination (TRU), in min/day and min/kg of DM, NDF and CP, and time spent with leisure (TOC) in min/day. The feeding and rumination efficiencies in grams of DM and CP increased linearly with the increasing in the concentrate levels. Conversely, none of the regression models if adjusted to data the efficiency of feeding and rumination expressed in g NDF. In parallel, it was study a correlation between estimates of lambs intake by using external indicator LIPE® and the weight difference between food offered and remains of the diet by interpolations from the behavioral variable feeding time. It was observed a high association between the methodologies for estimating intake of DM and CP, which suggests its use to estimate the individual consumption of feedlot lambs / Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa avaliar o comportamento ingestivo e o consumo de nutrientes de cordeiros mestiços da raça Santa Inês alimentados com feno de Tifton 85 suplementado com concentrado. Foram utilizados 20 cordeiros, não castrados, com peso vivo inicial de 20,3 ± 3,6 kg, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições. Foram estudados quatro tratamentos constituídos por feno de Tifton 85 associado a níveis crescentes de suplemento concentrado (0,0%; 0,66; 1,33 e 2,0% PV). As dietas foram fornecidas ad libitum duas vezes ao dia. Os animais foram submetidos à observação por períodos integrais de 24 horas, em intervalos de dez minutos, para avaliação das atividades comportamentais. O consumo de matéria seca (CMS) foi estimado por meio da técnica LIPE®. Houve efeito dos níveis de concentrado sobre o CMS e o CPB, além do tempo despendido com a alimentação (TAL) e com a ruminação (TRU), em min/dia e min/kg de MS, FDN e PB, e tempo despendido com o ócio (TOC), em min/dia. As eficiências de alimentação e ruminação em g de MS e PB apresentaram ajuste linear com o incremento do nível de concentrado. No entanto, nenhum dos modelos de regressão se ajustou aos dados de eficiência de alimentação e ruminação expressa em g de FDN. Paralelamente foi estudada a correlação existente entre as estimativas de consumo individual de cordeiros pelo método do indicador externo LIPE® e pela diferença de peso entre o alimento ofertado e as sobras da dieta por interpolações a partir da variável comportamental tempo de alimentação. Observou-se alta associação entre as metodologias para as estimativas de consumo de MS e PB, o que sugere que ambas podem ser usadas para estimar o consumo de cordeiros em confinamento

Orientador: Heraldo César Gonçalves / Banca: Roberto de Oliveira Roça / Banca: Sirlei Aparecida Maestá / Resumo: Este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar o efeito do grupo racial e sexo, no comportamento ingestivo de cabritos jovens criados em sistema de confinamento. Foram utilizados 35 cabritos, de ambos os sexos divididos dentre os grupos raciais: Alpina (A) - 1 macho e 4 fêmeas, ½ Anglo - Nubiana + ½ Alpina (½ ANA) - 4 machos e 4 fêmeas, ½ Boer + ½ Alpina (½ BA) - 2 machos e 4 fêmeas, ¾ Boer + ¼ Alpina (¾ BA) - 4 machos e 4 fêmeas e ½ Anglo-Nubiana + ¼ Alpina + ¼ Boer (Tricross - TC) - 4 machos e 4 fêmeas. Foram realizadas semanalmente, observações visuais do comportamento que os animais apresentavam no decorrer de 24 horas contínuas, a cada dez minutos. A temperatura e umidade relativa foram registradas a cada uma hora, nos dias da observação. Para realizar as observações, foram utilizadas duplas de observadores que permaneceram em média 4 horas observando os animais. O tempo médio gasto com consumo de alimento foi de 281,33 minutos, representando 19,54% do período de 24 horas. Foi observada interação entre grupo racial e sexo para as atividades: tempo de ingestão, ruminação deitado, ruminação total, deitado em ócio, ócio total e outras atividades. De maneira geral, os machos e as fêmeas de todos os grupos raciais ficaram mais tempo em ócio do que nas outras atividades observadas. Os animais da raça Alpina foram os que mais tempo passaram em ócio dormindo. / Abstract: This work aimed to evaluate the effect of racial groups and gender on ingestive behavior in confined kids. Thirty-five kids from both genders were used in this study and divided among the racial groups: Alpine (A) - 1 male and 4 female, ½ Nubian + ½ Alpine (½ ANA) - 4 male and 4 female, ½ Boer + ½ Alpine (½ BA) - 2 male and 4 female, ¾ Boer + ¼ Alpine (¾ BA) - 4 male and 4 female and ½ Nubian + ¼ Alpine + ¼ Boer, (Three cross - TC) - 4 male and 4 female. Visual observation of animal behavior was recorded weekly, for 24 h continuously, every 10 minutes. Temperature and relative humidity of air were registered every one-hour at behavior observation day. Doubles of were used for recording behavior that remained on average 4 h observing the animals. The average time spent on food intake was 281.33 minutes, representing 19.54% of 24-hour period. Interaction was observed between racial groups and sex for the activities: time of ingestion, lying rumination, total rumination, lying on leisure, total leisure and all other activities. In general, males and females of all racial groups were more time in leisure than in other activities observed. Animals of the Alpine breed were the most time spent in leisure sleep. / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-04-09Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:10:33Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 medeiros_bbl_me_botfmvz.pdf: 658174 bytes, checksum: 143bb97d56726e469f00797907fdd888 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar o efeito do grupo racial e sexo, no comportamento ingestivo de cabritos jovens criados em sistema de confinamento. Foram utilizados 35 cabritos, de ambos os sexos divididos dentre os grupos raciais: Alpina (A) - 1 macho e 4 fêmeas, ½ Anglo - Nubiana + ½ Alpina (½ ANA) – 4 machos e 4 fêmeas, ½ Boer + ½ Alpina (½ BA) – 2 machos e 4 fêmeas, ¾ Boer + ¼ Alpina (¾ BA) – 4 machos e 4 fêmeas e ½ Anglo-Nubiana + ¼ Alpina + ¼ Boer (Tricross - TC) – 4 machos e 4 fêmeas. Foram realizadas semanalmente, observações visuais do comportamento que os animais apresentavam no decorrer de 24 horas contínuas, a cada dez minutos. A temperatura e umidade relativa foram registradas a cada uma hora, nos dias da observação. Para realizar as observações, foram utilizadas duplas de observadores que permaneceram em média 4 horas observando os animais. O tempo médio gasto com consumo de alimento foi de 281,33 minutos, representando 19,54% do período de 24 horas. Foi observada interação entre grupo racial e sexo para as atividades: tempo de ingestão, ruminação deitado, ruminação total, deitado em ócio, ócio total e outras atividades. De maneira geral, os machos e as fêmeas de todos os grupos raciais ficaram mais tempo em ócio do que nas outras atividades observadas. Os animais da raça Alpina foram os que mais tempo passaram em ócio dormindo. / This work aimed to evaluate the effect of racial groups and gender on ingestive behavior in confined kids. Thirty-five kids from both genders were used in this study and divided among the racial groups: Alpine (A) – 1 male and 4 female, ½ Nubian + ½ Alpine (½ ANA) – 4 male and 4 female, ½ Boer + ½ Alpine (½ BA) – 2 male and 4 female, ¾ Boer + ¼ Alpine (¾ BA) – 4 male and 4 female and ½ Nubian + ¼ Alpine + ¼ Boer, (Three cross - TC) – 4 male and 4 female. Visual observation of animal behavior was recorded weekly, for 24 h continuously, every 10 minutes. Temperature and relative humidity of air were registered every one-hour at behavior observation day. Doubles of were used for recording behavior that remained on average 4 h observing the animals. The average time spent on food intake was 281.33 minutes, representing 19.54% of 24-hour period. Interaction was observed between racial groups and sex for the activities: time of ingestion, lying rumination, total rumination, lying on leisure, total leisure and all other activities. In general, males and females of all racial groups were more time in leisure than in other activities observed. Animals of the Alpine breed were the most time spent in leisure sleep.

Submitted by Ana Sant'Ana (ana.mattos@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-27T13:22:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissDNR.pdf: 3312861 bytes, checksum: a24fee2dff32e7e1d56b8841598c6d2e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-04T18:47:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissDNR.pdf: 3312861 bytes, checksum: a24fee2dff32e7e1d56b8841598c6d2e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-04T18:47:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissDNR.pdf: 3312861 bytes, checksum: a24fee2dff32e7e1d56b8841598c6d2e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-04T18:47:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissDNR.pdf: 3312861 bytes, checksum: a24fee2dff32e7e1d56b8841598c6d2e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / The jacutinga (Aburria jacutinga) is a large frugivore bird in the process of extinction primarily by hunting and habitat destruction. Endemic of Atlantic Forest, currently has limited distribution and isolated populations. For this reason, is the focus of some conservation programs aimed at the captive-breeding for later release and/or reintroduction into unique environments of the species. This study used behavioral assessments in a pre-release rearing system, and promoted training aimed at food aspects and predator recognition. It was observed 31 jacutingas and produced a ethogram with 68 behavioral acts, grouped into eight categories. After, were held training sessions to food type and antipredator type. Food training intended to assess food acceptance and promotion of foraging behavior. It offered 32 different food items, six of which were not accepted. It was noticed diversification acceptance of food items, especially fruits and seeds up to 20 mm, but also leaves and flowers. For foraging behaviors observed, as the capture and handling of food items, they are performed only when the jacutinga achieves the item with its beak. This may be the reason for the jacutingas remain for long periods in the same tree, when it finds items for their food. For the antipredator training it were used three models of predators: a feline (Leopardus tigrinus), one raptor (Pseudastur polionotus) and domestic dogs. In these training sessions were observed eight jacutingas. Both training sessions were positive, with behavioral responses of surveillance and defense to the models used. Also, memory tests were performed where the same models were presented for jacutingas, after 30 days of training. The results of the memory tests indicate that there was a learning result of antipredator training. The jacutingas showed the expected responses (similar to the training) when the models were presented. It highlights the importance of the work, because the results are assisting in the rehabilitation process of individuals to be used in future releases. The entire process developed in this study is being used experimentally as a pilot in" Protocolo de Soltura de Jacutingas " coordinated by SAVE Brazil. The training and the tests are intended to increase the survival rate of birds used in release programs, through techniques that enhance and/or induce the production of behaviors that express survival skills in nature; in this case, foraging skills and predator recognition as behavioral indicators to obtain individual fitness. / A jacutinga (Aburria jacutinga) é uma espécie de ave frugívora de grande porte em processo de extinção devido principalmente à caça e destruição do hábitat. Endêmica da Mata Atlântica, encontra-se atualmente com distribuição bem reduzida e com populações isoladas, sendo foco de alguns programas de conservação, que visam a criação em cativeiro, para sua posterior soltura e/ou reintrodução em ambientes originais da espécie. O presente trabalho utilizou de avaliações comportamentais, em um sistema de criação pré-soltura,promoveu treinamentos visando aspectos alimentares e de reconhecimento de predador. Foram observadas 31 jacutingas e elaborado um etograma com 68 atos comportamentais, agrupados em oito categorias. Depois, realizou-se os treinamentos do tipo alimentar e antipredação. Os treinamentos alimentares visaram a avaliação da aceitação alimentar e promoção de comportamentos de forrageio. Foram oferecidos 32 itens alimentares diferentes, dos quais seis não foram aceitos. Percebeu-se uma diversificação na aceitação de itens alimentares, em especial frutos e sementes com até 20 mm, mas também folhas e flores. Já os comportamentos de forrageio observados, como captura e manipulação dos itens alimentares, são realizados somente quando a jacutinga alcança o item com seu bico. Esse pode ser o motivo das jacutingas ficarem por grandes períodos numa mesma árvore, quando localiza itens de sua alimentação. Como treinamento antipredação foram utilizados três modelos de predadores: um felino (Leopardus tigrinus), um rapinante (Pseudastur polionotus) e cão doméstico. Nestes treinamentos foram observadas oito jacutingas. Ambos os treinamentos mostraram-se positivos, apresentando respostas comportamentais de vigilância e defesa aos modelos utilizados. Também foram realizados testes de memória, onde se apresentavam os mesmos modelos as jacutingas, após 30 dias do treinamento. Os resultados dos testes de memória indicam que houve um aprendizado, resultante dos treinamentos antipredação. As jacutingas apresentaram as respostas esperadas (semelhantes às observadas nos treinamentos), quando apresentados os modelos utilizados nos treinamentos. Destaca-se a importância do trabalho desenvolvido, pois os resultados obtidos estão auxiliando no processo de reabilitação de indivíduos a serem utilizados em futuras solturas. Todo o processo desenvolvido nesse projeto está sendo utilizado experimentalmente como piloto no “Protocolo de Soltura de Jacutingas”, coordenado pela SAVE Brasil. Os treinamentos e testes aplicados visam aumentar a taxa de sobrevivência das aves utilizadas em programas de soltura, por meio de técnicas que reforcem e/ou induzamapresentação de comportamentos que expressem habilidades de sobrevivência em natureza; no caso, habilidades de forrageio e reconhecimento de predador como indicadores comportamentais para obtenção de fitness individuais.

The object of graduation theses was catch up the basic category of bull´s behaviour (food taking, resting, standing, movement). The bulls are stabled in free full grating system and they are here from start until the end of fattening with regard to racial differences among them. Average time of taking feed during whole fattening was 4.68 hours (19.4 %). Average time of caregory´s movement durinng whole fattening was 1.30 hours (5.4 %). Average time of resting was 13.41 hours (56.0 %). Average time of standing was 4.62 hours (19.2 %).

The aim of the thesis is to write down and evaluate the base categories of the sheep grazing behaviour during one grazing period as regards the various climatic conditions. The method of the direct observation was used when the length of interval was 10 minutes. It was done five times for always 24 hours during a grazing period. The longest time of the grazing (43,8 % of the day) was found out in July. High temperatures shortened the time of the grazing to 26,8 % of the day. If the growth is of poor quality the time of the movement is lengthened out to 10 % of the day. The longest time of the lying category was found out in August (54,4 % of the day).

The aim of this work was monitored by video recordings made in the ZD Krásná Hora nad Vltavou, 6 different types of outdoor hutches and individual one on the basis of different behavior of calves to evaluate the suitability of different types either for breeding dairy calves in the period. Investigations were carried out in winter and summer, was used in recording AVI Windows Media Player with a length of 1-minute intervals. Heifers of Czech Spotted cattle were monitored. Length of stay of individual calves in outdoor hutches was from 83-87 days. The purpose of monitoring was to evaluate the length of stay of calves within each individual outdoor hutches and length of stay outside. In each hut were installed sensors, reported the values of internal temperature and relative humidity at intervals of 15 minutes. Given that microclimate should be in different climatic conditions to create an optimal environment for the calves, the criteria have been satisfied welfare length of stay inside the shed. The average outdoor temperature during the reporting period of the winter fell to -2.54° C. In this period, the individual VIB measured average indoor temperature of -0.04 ° C to -1.43 ° C. During the follow up period was recorded in summer average daily temperature of 19.79 ° C. Summer temperatures average in each of the VIB was 21.14 ° C - 22.27 ° C. These data were no statistically significant temperature differences (P ? 0.05) between the VIB in winter and in summer. The average relative humidity in the microclimate in the winter of VIB reached values ranging from 79.57% to 86.76% in summer from 59.59% to 63.55%. In the winter when evaluating indicators of microclimatic relative humidity between VIB was a statistically significant difference P?0.05 (1:2, 2:3, 2:4, 2:5, 2:6). In winter, the length of stay within the VIB calves ranged from 73.96% - 88.96% of the reference time. Differences between the lengths of stay within the VIB calves were statistically significant (P?0.05 to P?0.001). Over the summer period, length of residence either within the calves ranged from 65.68% - 80.85% of the reference time. Differences between the lengths of stay during the summer period were significant (P?0.05 to P?0.001). Total for the period was the top-rated wooden shed ZD Krasna Hora nad Vltavou.

The farm, where I have watched ethological behaviour, is next to CHKO Blanský les, near the small town Lhenice. The farm is engaged in breeding of horses. The basic herd is created with warm-blooded mares of Netolice´s breeding. The aim of ethological watching was to recognize basic symptoms of behaviour of horses in their natural conditions during pasture season. These symptoms were watched in the herd of 20 mares (barren, advanced stage of pregnancy and mares with foals) and in the one of 9 stallions and 2 geldings. Everything was conducted during four of 24-hours cycles during pasture season 2008 inside each of the herds. It was recognized, that horses most of their time were accepting their fodder. The time of feeding depended on quality of the pasture fodder and at the temperature of the air. Mares spent the longest time with feeding. It was 63.84 % of the day. The stallions spent with feeding 58.90 % of the day. At the end of their pasture season in September, but it is quite normal, because the quality of pasture is during the second part of pasture season much worse. The rest, as laying and standing depended on the time, that was needed for satisfying with pasture. The longest time for have a rest was watched during the month of Juni {--} 42.50 % of the day and 46.47 % of the day during August, when the parture was the richest and temperature the highest. Moving activity was much better inside the stallion´s herd. The conflict behaviour was the same inside the both of herds and aggressive behaviour was watched during the social fighting for relationships inside both of herds.