Spelling suggestions: "subject:"[een] ETHOLOGY"" "subject:"[enn] ETHOLOGY""
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Experimental release of hand-reared wolf pups in Tver region (Russia): food habits, movement patterns and fear of humans.Fraissard, camille January 2011 (has links)
Studying the reintroduction of hand-raised wolves may embrace several interests such as deepening knowledge on wolf biology and allowing a controlled release in isolated populations in need of genetic influx. Studies on hand-raised wild animals, showing successful reintroduction, suggested that young released wolves might be able to survive in the wild without previous fastidious training. Most of their survival behaviours would be instinctive. In this study, nine young wolves were reintroduced in Tver region (Russia) and followed in order to evaluate their fear of humans, their movement patterns, thanks to GPS-Argos collars fitted to three of the animals, and assess their diet via four methods of scats analysis. We analyzed 46 wolf scats collected from August 2010 to January 2011. We determined the frequency of occurrences of items per scats and per items, and used the Relative Estimated Bulk to estimate the biomass of prey species consumed. Statistics were conducted to test for significance of method comparisons. The results showed that half of the wolves remained near the enclosure weeks to months after release, occasionally leaving the vicinity. The individual wolves behaved differently, they adopted various movement patterns and had diverse home ranges (from 15 km2 to 40 km2). Released wolves preyed more on ungulates, especially moose and on other wild mammals such as mountain hare. They also sporadically hunted domestic animals and regularly consumed vegetal matter along with smaller animals as alternative prey. Finally, all scat-analysis methods significantly assessed (p < 0.01) the relative importance of the main food types.
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Franz Marc as an EthologistCarey, Jean 01 January 2012 (has links)
Keywords: Animalisierung, Einfühlung, Ethology,
Expressionism, Painting, German Modernism
In this study I deploy the perspective of ethology to examine Franz Marc's paintings of animals. To perceive animals ethologically means acknowledging that animals feel, think, experience, and imagine the world. Ethology has come to include interpretive pursuits as well as traditional field studies, and as I show, Marc's practice encompassed both aspects of this evolving discipline. To establish the presence of ethology in the humanities I give a "case study" of what I call "retroactive ethology" in the work of J.M. Coetzee. I present an account of Marc's deep knowledge about real live animals. I offer an assessment of the inspiration Marc drew from Post-Impressionism and Egyptian art and show how Marc modernizes animal painting by demolishing long-standing conventions of the genre. I offer some ideas to more fully explain two important terms Marc uses, Animalisierung and Einfühlung. Throughout my paper I keep conceptual and historical observations closely tied to Marc's own words and images. Thus by reading and looking closely, we are able to see Marc as a dedicated and innovative ethologist whose implicit environmental commitment offers great comment upon contemporary discussions of the representation of the animal.
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The Effect of Extra Food Stimulation on Asian Elephants (Elephas maximus) Kept at Kolmården ZooSjöberg, Johanna January 2011 (has links)
Stereotypic behaviors in all animals are more often than not associated with poor welfare. Limited access to perform species specific behaviors is often a reason for the development of stereotypies. Elephants with their great intelligence and need of social contact, coupled with a destructive a behavior are especially difficult to house in captivity. To decrease the occurrence of stereotypic behaviors in elephants, environmental enrichment in form of food enrichment is a good option, since elephants have a great need of foraging. The aim of this study was to investigate if an extra supply of food enrichment could decrease the presence of stereotypic behaviors at night in three Asian elephants at Kolmården zoo. Already existing hay nets attached to wires in the roof were used and connected to a timer. The hay nets were lowered to vision trunk reach between 6:00 am and 6:30 am during five days and the frequencies of selected behaviors were compared with the frequencies of the same behaviors during five preceding baseline nights. The animals were filmed using mounted cameras with IR lights. There was a significant decrease of stereotypic behavior for one of the elephants, but all three showed an increase in foraging whereof the increases were significant for two of them. One of the elephants showed no stereotypic behaviors at all during the study. To keep in mind is that the elephants have different backgrounds and experiences which might have influenced the results.
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Vector host choice and the environmental context of mosquito-borne virus transmissionAlonso, Wladimir Jimenez January 2003 (has links)
The present thesis explored ethological and geographical approaches for the investigation of vector-borne parasites. In the first part, the role of associative learning on vector preferences for hosts was investigated through a comprehensive series of behavioural experiments using the vector of dengue and yellow fever diseases, the mosquito Aedes aegypti. To this end, the possibility that the mosquitoes were able to associate unconditional stimuli with particular odours and visual patterns to which they were responsive was explored, but no evidence supporting the hypothesis that associative learning abilities are present in adults of this species was found. A critical review of the literature on learning in mosquitoes conducted afterward allowed the reinterpretation of findings in the field, narrowing the scope of evidence suggesting the existence of these cognitive abilities in some species. In the second part of the thesis, the distribution and evolution of mosquito-borne viruses was investigated with the use of geo-coded environmental data and spatial statistics. Initially, the eco-climates associated with the distribution of Japanese encephalitis virus were described and modelled, allowing the production of a worldwide predictive map defining the probability of each region to develop this disease in the future. Predominating amongst those areas shown to be under high risk were the equatorial regions of South America and Africa. The methodology used to infer such patterns – non-linear discriminant analysis – was subsequently explored with a number of simulations. Overall, differences in the choice of parameters required for the analysis were shown to lead to differences in the final outputs produced, basically in those cases where the environmental range for which predictions are generated is not rigorously limited. Finally, eco-climate surrogates for the evolution of the Japanese encephalitis serocomplex were investigated, but the current environmental distances between the viruses did not seem to be associated with the events leading to their speciation.
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On Sexual Imprinting in HumansAronsson, Hanna January 2011 (has links)
In this thesis I investigate whether human sexual preferences develop through sexual imprinting. Sexual imprinting is the acquisition of sexual preferences through non-rewarded experiences with parents and siblings during an early sensitive period and it is known to exist in many other animals. Learning is often sex specific so that males, for instance, learn to prefer as sexual partners individuals that look like their mother, and avoid individuals that look like their father. First, sexual imprinting in animals and humans is reviewed and compared to prevailing evolutionary views presupposing genetically determined sexual preferences. Further, by means of web surveys, I have explored the relationship between childhood exposure to parents with certain natural and cultural traits and sexual attraction to these traits in a partner. Cultural traits were included because it is unlikely that preferences for them are genetically determined adaptations. Parental effects varied between traits. For instance, in heterosexual males, a positive effect of mother was found on attraction to smoking, but not glasses, while a negative paternal effect was found on attraction to glasses, but not smoking. However, when maternal and paternal effects were investigated for a large number of artificial and natural traits, including smoking and glasses, an overall positive effect of opposite sex parent emerged in both heterosexual males and females. Additionally, in the last study we explored a sexual preference for pregnant and lactating women. Results suggest that exposure to a pregnant and lactating mother had an effect if it occurred when the respondent was between 1,5 and 5 years old. In conclusion, these results suggest that human sexual preferences are the result of sex specific learning during a sensitive period. Sexual imprinting should therefore be recognised as a plausible explanation to human sexual preferences that deserves further scientific investigation. / At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript.
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Färgval hos blomkrabbspindeln (Misumena vatia) med och utan konkurrensKangasniemi, Sanna January 2011 (has links)
The colour choice of spiders and the effects of competition on this phenomenon were examined in the laboratory using the sit-and-wait predator goldenrod crab spider (Misumena vatia, (Thomisidae)). This species can be both white and yellow (could also change colour) and it was here examined whether individuals preferred to sit on flowers which has the same colouration as their bodies. I found that M.vatia showed preference for flowers that matched their own body colour, but when competition was introduced this preference disappear. It seems, however, that position is a factor that can influences the substrate decisions of M. vatia, where the edge of the flower is preferred.
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ANALÝZA ŽIVOTNÍCH PROJEVŮ U STÁDA KOZ / ANALYSES OF VITAL SIGNS IN A HERB OF GOATSLANGOVÁ, Tereza January 2011 (has links)
The observations were focused on basic behavioural categories as well as on maternity behaviour. Parameters of milk efficiency of goats were monitored as well as indexes of growth of goatlings till up to 30 days of age (58 goatlings).
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Využití hiporehabilitace při reedukaci poruch chování dětí a mladistvých / Hippo re-education of behavior disorders of children and teenagersKOZIELOVÁ, Erika January 2011 (has links)
The present thesis is focused on hippo rehabilitation as a novel technique for re-education of adult and child behavior disorders. The work briefly characterizes issues of adult and child behavior disorders and presents how hippo rehabilitation can be used to positively influence their bad behaviour patterns. The importance of social behavior of horses for re-education of behavior disorders is clarified based on the knowledge of the horse Etology during rehabilitation lessons. In the end of the theoretical part, ?American programme? that use mustang horses for re-socialization of prisoners is described and its parallels are implied to hippo rehabilitation. The practical part of the thesis describes a few chosen hippo rehabilitation centers in the Czech Republic and one center in Germany. Therapeutic approaches to individual client needs are discussed. The positive effect of hippo rehabilitation is documented by three attached case studies describing courses of rehabilitation. In conclusion, the chosen courses of rehabilitation are compared.
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[en] SYMPATHY IN HUME: IN SEARCH OF A NON-ANTHROPOCENTRIC ETHICS / [pt] DAVID HUME E A SIMPATIA: EM BUSCA DE UMA ÉTICA NÃO ANTROPOCÊNTRICALUCAS BATISTA DA SILVA 06 December 2016 (has links)
[pt] A crise ecológica que enfrentamos hoje nos alerta sobre o perigo que
corremos se continuarmos a abusar da natureza explorando-a como fonte
inesgotável de matérias primas para os inventos do homem. Como se não bastasse
a degradação de boa parte de seus ecossistemas, o uso pelas indústrias
farmacêuticas e alimentícias representa uma das principais fontes de exploração
desenfreada daqueles que são classificados como carentes de razão, afeto ou
vontade. Neste sentido, a busca por uma ética mais ecocêntrica se faz necessária.
Para pensar uma ética que abarcasse a relação dos homens com os animais é que
recorremos aqui ao conceito de simpatia, elaborado pelo filósofo empirista
britânico David Hume. Este conceito é elaborado como um princípio de distinção
moral entre os homens, mas está presente também nas operações mentais dos
animais entre si. Queremos defender que o conceito de simpatia, como um
mecanismo de comunicação de sentimentos entre os humanos e entre os animais,
pode ser estendido para a relação entre homens e animais, e assim contribuir para
o desenvolvimento da conduta humana em relação ao bem-estar destes seres,
principalmente nas produções de escala industrial. Para isso, tomaremos como
exemplo a perspectiva daqueles que criam e trabalham com os animais, servindonos
da análise de Vinciane Despret e Jocelyne Porcher no livro Être Bête.
Aspiramos, ainda, apresentar uma crítica à zootecnia como ciência que mecanizou
os animais e os isolou dos homens, transformando-os em produtos e distorcendo o
conceito de bem-estar, o qual buscaremos averiguar. / [en] The ecological crisis we face today warns us against the danger involving
the continuous and abusive exploitation of nature as an inexhaustible source of
raw materials at the service of mankind s inventions. Besides the degradation of a
significant part of its ecosystems, the use by the drug and food companies alone,
accounts for a great deal of a rampant exploitation of those classified as being
deprived of reason, affection or will. In this sense, the pursuit for a more
ecocentric ethics is mandatory. To think of an ethics that embodies the
relationship between men and animals, we resort to the concept of sympathy,
created by the Scottish empirical philosopher David Hume. The concept,
elaborated as a principle of moral distinction among men, is also present in the
mental operations of animals as they interact among themselves. We advocate that
the concept of sympathy, as a means of communication of feelings among humans
and among animals, can also be extended to the relationship between the men and
animals, thus contributing to the evolution of human conduct towards the welfare
of these creatures, especially when it comes to large scale production. In order to
do so, we will make use of the perspective of those who raise and work with
animals, using the analysis of Vinciane Despret e Jocelyne Porcher to support this
thesis, found in their book Être Bête. Also, we aim to express our criticism
to animal husbandry as a science which helped reinforce the mechanization of
animals, thus isolating them from men, making them into products and twisting
the concept of well being itself, which we will try to ascertain.
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Hidrolisado proteico de sardinha (Clupeidae) como atrativo alimentar para o jundiá (Rhamdia quelen) / Sardine protein hidrolysate as a feeding stimulant for silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen)Broggi, José Augusto 27 June 2014 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2014-06-27 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The objective of this project was to evaluate the utilization of the sardine protein hidrolysate as a feeding stimulant for silver catfish. For this porpose, the following stimulants were evaluated: 1. Nile tilapia aqueous muscle extract; 2. Low degree of hidrolysis (DH) sardine waste protein hidrolyzate; 3. High DH sardine waste protein hidrolyzate; 4. Diluted (10% of concentration) high DH sardine waste protein hidrolyzate and 5. control by using only distilled water. Fish were individually evaluated. After 48 hours of fasting, the behavior was recorded on video for a basal period of 2 minutes, and for more 18 minutes after the substances inoculation. The experimental design was completely randomized with three treatments and twenty repetitions. The inoculation of high and low DH hidrolyzates increased the barbells moving time. The diluted high DH hidrolisate provide the same results of the low DH hidrolysate, but the average did not differed from destiled water (negative control) and the tilapia muscle extract. The fish locomotion increased in relation to the basal period, but did not differ between the treatments. On the other hand, the stimulants inoculation interfered in the number of times that the fish crossed the division line in the middle of the aquarium. The movement increase in the fish movement to one side to 12 another of the aquarium was higher with high and low DH hidrolysates. From this result, it is possible to conclude that the sardine waste protein hidrolysate protein was efficient to stimulate the feeding associated behavior in juvenile jundiá / O objetivo deste projeto foi avaliar a utilização do hidrolisado proteico de sardinha como atrativo na alimentação do jundiá. Para isto os seguintes atrativos alimentares foram avaliados: 1. extrato aquoso de músculo de tilápia do Nilo; 2. hidrolisado proteico de sardinha com baixo grau de hidrolise (GH); 3. hidrolisado proteico de sardinha com alto GH; 4. hidrolisado proteico de sardinha com alto GH diluído (10% da concentração) e 5. controle usando somente água destilada. Os peixes foram avaliados individualmente. Após jejum de 48 horas o comportamento foi registrado em vídeo por um período basal de 2 minutos, e por mais 18 minutos após a inoculação do atrativo. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado com três tratamentos e vinte repetições. A inoculação dos hidrolisados com alto e baixo GH aumentou o tempo de movimentação dos barbilhões. O hidrolisado com alto GH diluído proporcionou os mesmos resultados que o hidrolisado com baixo GH , mas as médias não diferiram das obtidas para a água destilada (controle negativo) e do extrato de músculo. A locomoção dos peixes aumentou em relação ao período basal, mas não diferiu entre os tratamentos. Por outro lado a aplicação dos atrativos interferiu no número de vezes que os peixes cruzaram a linha divisória do meio do aquário. O incremento na movimentação 10 de um lado para outro do aquário foi maior (P<0,05) para os hidrolisados com alto e baixo GH. A partir deste resultado é possível concluir que o hidrolisado proteico foi eficiente para estimular o comportamento associado à alimentação em juvenis de jundiá
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