<p>Det här arbetet vill belysa vilka förväntningar användare (inom vården) har inför ett nytt informationssystem (IS) som ska implementeras och vilka faktorer som kan påverka och förändra dessa. För att lyckas med arbetets föresats genomfördes en semistrukturerad intervju av fyra aktiva sjuksköterskor inom Tibro kommuns hemsjukvård, där i december 2004 ett nytt datorbaserat IS (patientjournal) implementerats.</p><p>Materialet från intervjuerna spelades in med bandspelare, transkriberades och tolkades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. En granskning av resultatet gav bland annat följande slutsatser:</p><p>Användare inom vården saknar ofta en formell datautbildning, men besitter ändå kunskap om det datorbaserade informationssystemet, kunskap som de förvärvat genom att ha arbetat med datorbaserade IS under många år. Kunskap och erfarenhet som användarna ofta får förlita sig på när ett nytt IS ska implementeras då tid och resurser saknas för en genomgripande utbildning.</p><p>Användarnas förväntningar på ett nytt IS påverkas av faktorer, såsom erfarenheter från ett tidigare datorbaserat IS, saklig information och utbildning. Med saklig information menas information som både visar på för- och nackdelar.</p>

Thesis (Ph. D. in Electrical Engineering)--Vanderbilt University, Dec. 2007. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.

This paper presents a statistical framework which combines the registration of an atlas with the segmentation of MR images. We use an Expectation Maximization-based algorithm to find a solution within the model, which simultaneously estimates image inhomogeneities, anatomical labelmap, and a mapping from the atlas to the image space. An example of the approach is given for a brain structure-dependent affine mapping approach. The algorithm produces high quality segmentations for brain tissues as well as their substructures. We demonstrate the approach on a set of 30 brain MR images. In addition, we show that the approach performs better than similar methods which separate the registration from the segmentation problem.

Many complex decisions require integrating and assessing multiple streams of dynamic information whilst determining how to act. This dynamic information often contains rhythmic structures which our sensory systems can adapt to and use to anticipate future events. Despite the close relationship between rhythmic temporal expectations and complex decision making being self evident, no experiments explicitly attempt to understand this interdependence. If the theories that have emerged from both domains are to generalise to complex interactive behaviour, the effects of dynamic context on complex decisions must be considered. I argue that timing research must move beyond simple decisions and develop a new experimental framework for addressing the problem. This includes increasing the complexity of experimental tasks, testing the effects of timing on perceptual averaging and subjective value decisions, incorporating timing as an inherent dimension of targets, testing degrees of aperiodicity and exploring the effects that prior knowledge about the temporal structure of a stimulus has on choice. Seven behavioural experiments are reported that implement the new experimental framework. Five use a complex auditory-spatial averaging task to examine effects of periodicity, expectation, prior knowledge and related parameters such as IOI variance. One tests the effects of rhythmic variability and stimulus duration on auditory detection to determine specificity to complex decision making, and one investigates the effects of timing on audio-visual subjective value decisions. The results show that existing theories of temporal expectation do not necessarily generalise to complex decision making. Periodicity reduces the amount of information that is needed to form complex decisions. However, the effects of periodicity (or degree of aperiodicity) on choice are dependent on a number of factors associated with prior knowledge, stimulus rate, variance, decision type and task complexity. Using these findings I develop an explanatory framework called "dynamic inhibition and boosting" that better accounts for behavioural data in the literature compared with existing theories. This explanation is supported by the novel proposal that temporal expectations influence confidence and perceived risk.

The topic of this thesis is axiological uncertainty - the question of how you should evaluate your options if you are uncertain about which axiology is true. As an answer, I defend Expected Value Maximisation (EVM), the view that one option is better than another if and only if it has the greater expected value across axiologies. More precisely, I explore the axiomatic foundations of this view. I employ results from state-dependent utility theory, extend them in various ways and interpret them accordingly, and thus provide axiomatisations of EVM as a theory of axiological uncertainty. Chapter 1 defends the importance of the problem of axiological uncertainty. Chapter 2 introduces the most basic theorem of this thesis, the Expected Value Theorem. This theorem says that EVM is true if the betterness relation under axiological uncertainty satisfies the von Neumann-Morgenstern axioms and a Pareto condition. I argue that, given certain simplifications and modulo the problem of intertheoretic comparisons, this theorem presents a powerful means to formulate and defend EVM. Chapter 3 then examines the problem of intertheoretic comparisons. I argue that intertheoretic comparisons are generally possible, but that some plausible axiologies may not be comparable in a precise way. The Expected Value Theorem presupposes that all axiologies are comparable in a precise way. So this motivates extending the Expected Value Theorem to make it cover less than fully comparable axiologies. Chapter 4 then examines the concept of a probability distribution over axiologies. In the Expected Value Theorem, this concept figures as a primitive. I argue that we need an account of what it means, and outline and defend an explication for it. Chapter 5 starts to bring together the upshots from the previous three chapters. It extends the Expected Value Theorem by allowing for less than fully comparable axiologies and by dropping the presupposition of probabilities as given primitives. Chapter 6 provides formal appendices.

Orientador: Jônatas Manzolli / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T23:42:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Penha_BernardoAguiardeSouza_M.pdf: 2677028 bytes, checksum: 429276465186071bdb6c17d7dbad5831 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: A interação de um indivíduo com os estímulos sonoros que o cercam é um estudo relevante, o qual dialoga com a pesquisa contemporânea sobre Cognição Musical. Esta dissertação foca esse campo temático a partir do estudo da percepção sonora, mais especificamente da noção de Antecipação vinculada ao aporte teórico da Psicologia da Expectativa, fundamentada por David Huron [2]. A partir desse recorte, desenvolvemos um estudo teórico e experimental sobre a relação entre Familiaridade [42] e Expectativa [2]. No nosso estudo os sujeitos foram submetidos à audição de estímulos/amostras sonoras apresentadas simultaneamente a um ruído mascarante. Nosso intuito foi verificar de que maneira a Expectativa sonora age no processo de escuta de sons com espectro sonoro complexo. Partimos do pressuposto de que há uma relação de proporção direta, ou seja, quanto mais familiar é um som, melhor o antecipamos. Para medir essa relação, utilizamos dois parâmetros psicoacústicos: loudness e tempo de resposta por ação reflexa. De acordo com nossa hipótese experimental, esperávamos que o quão mais familiar fosse o som, menores seriam o loudness e o tempo necessário para que houvesse uma resposta reflexa do indivíduo ao estímulo. Assim, a Familiaridade acarretaria uma melhor acuidade perceptiva e, como consequência, haveria uma melhora significativa na Antecipação. Após realizar um experimento piloto e um estudo final, obtivemos dados que, por análise estatística, forneceram suporte para confirmar a hipótese / Abstract: The interaction of an individual with sound stimuli that surround him is a relevant study, which dialogues with the contemporary research on Musical Cognition. This dissertation focuses this subject field as from the study of sound perception, specifically the notion of Anticipation linked to the theory of the Psychology of Expectation, supported by David Huron (2006). From this point of view, we developed a theoretical and experimental study on the relationship between Familiarity (Yonelinas, 2002) and Expectation (Huron, 2006). In our study the subjects underwent hearing sound stimuli/samples presented simultaneously with a masking noise. Our objective was to verify in which manner the sound Expectation would behave in the process of listening to sounds with complex sound spectrum. We assumed that there is a relationship of direct proportion, i. e., the more familiar a sound is, the better we anticipate it. In order to measure this relationship, we used two psychoacoustic parameters: loudness and response time by reflex action. According to our experimental hypothesis, we expected that the more familiar the sound was, the smaller the loudness and time needed to cause a reflex response of the individual to the stimulus should be. Thus, the Familiarity would entail a better perceptual accuracy, and consequently, there would be a significant improvement in the Anticipation. After conducting a pilot experiment and a final study, we obtained data, which with the necessary statistical analysis provided support to confirm the hypothesis / Mestrado / Fundamentos Teoricos / Mestre em Música

The increasing use of the Internet over recent years has forced governments and individuals to utilise Information & Communication Technology (ICT) in the form of electronic government (e-government), more specifically Public Sector Online Services (PSOS) as a subset of egovernment. However, the success of PSOS delivery is dependent on usage and on the growing concerns about the perceived information and service quality of PSOS and their influence on self-efficacy, satisfaction and personal outcome expectation towards ‘continuance intention’ to use the PSOS systems. Retaining current PSOS users is crucial to ensure better utilisation of ICT investments through a regulated process that considers citizens’ personal factors while using PSOS. If the level of PSOS quality is low, citizens are likely to revert to using traditional systems, leaving the new ICT systems underutilised. Few studies have investigated the influences of information and service quality on personal factors, such as self-efficacy, personal outcome expectation and satisfaction, towards intention to continuing to use PSOS. To fill this gap, the present study develops a PSOS quality model by associating it with citizens’ self-efficacy, satisfaction, personal outcome expectation, social influence, prior experience, and continuance intention. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the salient factors influencing citizens’ intention in the context of PSOS use. A research model of eight constructs is developed by integrating Social Cognitive Theory (SCT), Expectation Confirmation Theory (ECT), the DeLone and McLean IS success model, and E-S-QUAL. To validate the model, a quantitative-positivist approach methodology is used as the research paradigm; it employs a cross-sectional survey design as well as componentbased structural equation modelling (SEM) by using Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) as the data analysis technique. In total, 471 self-administrated questionnaires were found usable for data analysis and 17 hypotheses were formulated and tested. Overall, the modelling demonstrates a good fit with the observed data. The findings show that prior experience, social influence, information quality and services quality are significant predictors of citizens’ intention to use PSOS if these latent constructs are regulated through selfefficacy. The results exhibit positive relationships with the other constructs in the model except social influence and information quality towards personal outcome expectation and satisfaction. Further, the results show that service quality is the most influential variable in the present model. This highlights the vital role of service quality while delivering PSOS. Theoretically, the present study extends the roles of pre-adoption and post-adoption by offering a self-regulating process through self-efficacy as a physical ability. Further, the study reveals the importance of personal outcome expectation (internal stimuli) as well as satisfaction (external stimuli) as cognitive factors that represent personal goal assessments. Practically, the current study offers managers a mechanism in how to deal with end-users on a continuance basis while delivering online service through short- and long-term strategies. In summary, the present study marks a significant contribution in better understanding the utilisation of egovernment systems and can serve to better self-regulate outcomes for both citizens and government. Keywords: electronic service, e-service, electronic government, eGovernment, e-government, service quality, information quality, social influence, self-efficacy, personal outcome expectation, satisfaction, continuance intention.

Det här arbetet vill belysa vilka förväntningar användare (inom vården) har inför ett nytt informationssystem (IS) som ska implementeras och vilka faktorer som kan påverka och förändra dessa. För att lyckas med arbetets föresats genomfördes en semistrukturerad intervju av fyra aktiva sjuksköterskor inom Tibro kommuns hemsjukvård, där i december 2004 ett nytt datorbaserat IS (patientjournal) implementerats. Materialet från intervjuerna spelades in med bandspelare, transkriberades och tolkades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. En granskning av resultatet gav bland annat följande slutsatser: Användare inom vården saknar ofta en formell datautbildning, men besitter ändå kunskap om det datorbaserade informationssystemet, kunskap som de förvärvat genom att ha arbetat med datorbaserade IS under många år. Kunskap och erfarenhet som användarna ofta får förlita sig på när ett nytt IS ska implementeras då tid och resurser saknas för en genomgripande utbildning. Användarnas förväntningar på ett nytt IS påverkas av faktorer, såsom erfarenheter från ett tidigare datorbaserat IS, saklig information och utbildning. Med saklig information menas information som både visar på för- och nackdelar.

D.Ed. / Please refer to full text to view abstract

Perception is a phenomenon, which comes in contact with IT service at a number of points. At every point certain risks may be identified. Based on IT literature, the research (ITIL Service Design, Quality management for IT services etc.) has identified three core problems: problem of a business needs externalization, problem of a service specification and problem of interpretation of specifications and contracts. For explanation, findings from cognitive and social science, philosophy, marketing and law are used. A synthetic model, which clearly displays the core problems, is created from relevant claims.