Li Fung Kwan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 92-98). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgement --- p.iii / Chapter Chapter One: --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter Two: --- On slash and De Certeau --- p.18 / Chapter Chapter Three: --- The Pleasure of Escape --- p.30 / Chapter Chapter Four: --- The Fan Community --- p.58 / Chapter Chapter Five: --- Conclusion --- p.86 / Reference --- p.92

>Magister Scientiae - MSc / The Sable Field constitutes a Basin Floor Channel (BFC) complex (E-BD reservoir) and a Basin Floor Fan (BFF) complex (E-CE reservoir). The reservoir sands were deposited during early-drift sedimentation in the Bredasdorp Basin. Paleo-current flows from the west, filling the basin with sediments that are eroded off the continental shelf (Agulhus Arch) and deposited on the base of the continental slope and basin floor. Turbidite flows off the Agulhus arch have deposited the Sable Fields reservoirs, where the larger channelized reservoir body takes an 80° bend off the continental slope and flows onto the basin floor. This 3-D reservoir highlights the reservoirs internal heterogeneity and complexity at the well bore and away from the well bore. Well tops tie wells to the 3-D seismic cube for; reservoir location and delineation, velocity modelling and subsequent conversion of the mapped surfaces from time to depth. Core and petro-physical analysis were used to outline the depositional facies within the investigated wells namely: E-BD5, E-BD2, E-BD1 and E-CE1. Correlation of depositional facies at the well bore with their corresponding seismic facies, allows for extrapolation of facies away from the well bore. The internal heterogeneity of the reservoir is outlined using an integrated methodology, which is based on log scale depositional features (channels, sheets, lobes) that are extrapolated to field scale (sand rich complex) using corresponding top and base reservoir seismic responses. The investigated thick region of sediment accumulation on: the continental slope, the base of the continental slope and basin floor is deposited on the 13AT1 early drift unconformity. The reservoir is outlined from the up-dip to the down-dip reaches of the field. Well E–BD5 has tapped into the proximal region (up-dip), with reservoir comprising of amalgamated channel sands that are deposited by laterally switching and stacking channelized sand bodies. Channel meander facies are seen in the upper portion of the reservoir, with massive channel fill in the lower parts. The channel fill constitutes a high net to gross with little to no lateral facies variations. This confined environment is dominated by amalgamated massive sands (on-axis) that are thinner bedded towards the banks of the channels (off-axis). A high degree of channel amalgamation has been interpreted in both up-dip wells E-BD5 and E-BD2. This channelized reservoir is at least 2km wide and 6km long, before the larger channel makes a rapid 80° change in paleo-current direction. This is possibly the result of basin floor topography and the stacking of previously deposited sand complexes which alter local sea floor topography. The vertical and lateral continuity of the channelised reservoir is generally excellent due to the high degree of channel amalgamation. The stacked channel complex constitutes a gross thickness of 76.2m (68.5m Net sand) in well E-BD5, and a gross thickness 25m (23m Net sand) in well E-BD2. Channel sands in well E-BD5 have an average porosity of 15% while the average porosity of channel sands in well E-BD2 (further down-dip) is 17%. This up-dip channelised region results in high amplitude reflections due to hydrocarbon charged sand juxtaposed against hemipelagic muds and silty levee facies. Well E-BD1 has tapped into a relatively confined sand complex deposited at the base of the continental slope. The amalgamated lobe and sheet sand complex is entirely encased in hemi pelagic mud. These reservoir sands are interpreted to be deposited in the Channel Lobe Transition Zone (CLTZ), thus the reservoir sands are interpreted to have a transitional depositional style (generally channelized sheets). The CLTZ region is thus dominated by both channel complex and lobe complex elements. The E-BD1 reservoir constitutes a number of amalgamated elements that result in a reservoir zone with an average porosity of 16.4%. These include: amalgamated thick bedded sheet sand (lobe axis) associated with deep depositional feeder channels; thin bedded sheet sands (off lobe axis), broad thin amalgamated lobe elements, layered thick bedded sand sheets and deep broad depositional channels. The low sinuosity broad depositional-channels and elongate lobe elements are expressed as lobate amalgamated sheets of sand which is up to 2-3km wide, 5km long and 30m thick (29.7m nett sand) at the well bore. Well E-CE1 has intersected 50m thick reservoir sand (50m nett sand) which constitutes the axis of a lobe complex where the reservoir zone has an average porosity of 14%. The sand rich complex is deposited on the unconfined basin floor. This reservoir complex constitutes amalgamated thick bedded lobe architectural elements which are massive in nature. The laterally continuous hydrocarbon charged lobe elements result in bright parallel seismic reflections. The amalgamated lobe complex is more than 5km wide. Sub-parallel horizons are attributed to the thin bedded off axis portion of the lobe complex where the net to gross is considerably less than the highly amalgamated axis of the lobe complex. The lobe complex has a moderate to good net to gross of 40-60%. The high aspect ratio of the lobe complex severely impacts the reservoirs vertical permeability, however horizontal permeability is quite good due to the extensive lateral continuity of good quality sheet sands. Based on the nature deep water architectural elements observed in this study, the internal heterogeneity of the Basin floor Fan and Basin floor channel complex’s may constitute an entire sand rich reservoir zone. All the sands may be in hydraulic communication if they are genetically related. These sands and stretch from the up-dip (wells E-BD5 & E-BD2) through to the transitional (E-BD2) and pinching out in the distal regions (E-CE1) on the basin floor. The seal constitutes a prominent shale horizon T13PW3 (8-10m thick) which is draped over the entire reservoir complex. This top seal is extrapolated from all the wells and correlated with seismic facies, thus outlining the lateral continuity and thickness variations of the top seal. This draped shale horizon exposes the thick axial portion of the amalgamated channel complex and amalgamated lobe complex.

Efeito do sistema é o nome dado ao decréscimo no desempenho do ventilador que surge quando a instalação deste no sistema não é feita de forma que seja permitido o desenvolvimento completo do escoamento nos trechos de duto em sua entrada ou saída. Esse efeito, muitas vezes não levado em conta durante o dimensionamento de ventiladores associados a sistemas de movimentação de ar, pode causar a insuficiência na vazão de ar ou na pressão requerida para um determinado processo ou objetivo. Este trabalho analisa, para um determinado caso de efeito do sistema, a influência dos parâmetros envolvidos no processo para se melhor compreender este fenômeno. É escolhida para o procedimento experimental, a faixa de velocidades de escoamento em que os dados de fatores do efeito do sistema variam em maior grau nas referências bibliográficas. A metodologia aplicada nos ensaios experimentais é baseada em bibliografias que estudaram diferentes formas de efeito do sistema. Os equipamentos utilizados no processo são escolhidos de forma a atender os fatores restritivos existentes no Laboratório de Instrumentação em Mecânica dos Fluidos da Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo. Os valores de fator do efeito do sistema obtidos experimentalmente são comparados com os da bibliografia, sendo encontradas diferenças que variam entre 0% e 58%. São buscadas formas de estimar o impacto de cada uma das variáveis envolvidas. O estudo apresentado aqui é de importância para a indústria, devido ao fato de que diferenças de até 200% surgem entre os cálculos de perda de carga que contabilizam o efeito do sistema e aqueles que não contabilizam. / System effect is the name given to the performance decrease of the fan that takes place when the installation of the fans in the system is in a form where the complete development of the flow is not possible to occur in the duct regions in the entrance and exit of the fan. This effect is frequently not considered during the dimensioning of ventilation systems and the selection of the fan for a given process or purpose, which may lead to deficiency in the flow and pressure values when compared to the requirements. The influence of each involved parameter was analyzed in this project for a specific case of system effect in order to better comprehend this phenomenon. The range of airflow speeds chosen for the experimental procedures defined was the one that differed the most in the bibliography. The methodology applied in the experiments was based on bibliography that studied different forms of system effect. The equipment used in the process was chosen to attend to the restrictive factors existent in the Laboratório de Instrumentação em Mecânica dos Fluidos from the Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo. The values of system effect obtained experimentally were compared to the bibliography, and differences between 0% and 58% were found. A way to estimate the impact of each involved variable was studied. The study present here is quite important to the industry, due to the fact that differences of up to 200% can be found between losses calculations that consider the system effect and those which do not.

Through interviews and writing sample analysis of two secondary students who are fan fiction writers, this article examines the tensions between curricular writing and extracurricular fan fiction writing. This study finds students have rich extracurricular writing lives, and they repurpose familiar practices from fan fiction writing for the classroom. This study further discusses the role of genre in effective repurposing. This study argues students who develop genre awareness repurpose their extracurricular writing more effectively to fulfill curricular assignments.

<p>The ducted fan UAV is an unmanned aerial vehicle consisting mainly of a propeller enclosed in a open ended tube. The UAV has the same basic functions as an ordinary helicopter UAV but has several advantages to the same.</p><p>This thesis aims to estimate the performance of the concept of the ducted fan UAV. The company where this thesis has been written, DST Control AB, is currently investigating the economical possibilities to continue the development of this kind of UAV. This thesis shall provide DST Control AB with a theoretical as well as experimental ground for the investigation by estimation the lift capacity, position accuracy and wind tolerance.</p><p>A ducted fan UAV prototype and a mathematical model for that UAV have been developed by DST Control AB and a student project at Linköping University. The model is constructed through pure physical modeling. Several noise sources have been added to better fit the reality. Several experiments have been conducted to validate the model with satisfying results. Experiments to determine the lift capacity of the craft have also been conducted. These experiments showed a slightly smaller lift capacity than the theoretically calculated lift capacity. The wind tolerance has not been tested in experiments because of the lack of available wind tunnels but simulations have given an estimation of this tolerance.</p><p>To estimate the position accuracy, two different control systems have been implemented. The simplest control system is a system consisting of several PID controllers. The system is divided into two separate subsystems connected in cascade. The inner subsystem takes the pitch, roll and yaw angle as inputs and gives the rudder angles as outputs. The outer subsystem takes the inertial position as input and gives roll, pitch and yaw as outputs. Together, the two subsystems can be used to control the entire craft. The inner subsystem has also been replaced with a small LQ Compensator. An LQ Compensator for the entire system is also implemented giving about as good performance as the PID controller and better performance than the PID/LQ combination.</p>

The interior flowfield analysis of fan has been considered to be one of the most difficult problems in the past. With the advent of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods, many flow problems inside the fan can now be solved with a good degree of accuracy. ¡@ A numerical study of the influence of inlet cone and volute cutoff on a centrifugal fan performance is presented in this work. Using the flow-visualization simulating analysis of the flow-flied characteristic of air across the inner of centrifugal fan, the performance curve with different inlet cone shape, inlet clearance gap, cone position, extending angle and curvature radius of cutoff arc were obtained and explored. The Reynolds-Averaged Navier- Stokes equations with the Standard k-£` turbulence model is used to simulate the three-dimensional, steady, incompressible, turbulent flow field inside a double-suction backward-curved centrifugal fan and is solved by control volume method. The numerical model is validated by experimental data. The results showed that (i) the inlet cone can induce the air to enter into the impeller smoothly and uniformly, which reduces the flow-separation occurrence along the blade surface. However, the inlet cone with larger friction loss will also slightly lessen the fan performance; (ii) recirculation zones appear inside the volute channel due to the existence of inlet clearance gap between inlet cone and volute, which results in part of fluid leaving from the impeller outlet re-entering into the impeller inlet and reducing the fan performance. This recirculation leakage ratio of fluid through inlet clearance gap increases with increasing inlet clearance gap, which is also depends on the shape of inlet cone; (ii) the distance of inlet cone extending into the impeller will interfere the uniformity of inlet airflow distribution along each blade height. The longer the extending distance, the larger the vortex zone occupying the inter-blade space which makes less fan performance; (iv) it makes only little improvement in the fan performance to change the shape of volute cutoff. ¡@ It is found that (1) decreasing the inlet clearance from 11mm to 5mm, the outlet average total pressure increases about 3.26%; (2) increasing the distance of inlet cone extending into the impeller from 0mm from 20mm, the outlet average total pressure decreases about 6.32%; (3)changing the shape of inlet cone, the outlet average total pressure increases up to 5.4%, and (4) reducing the tongue radius of volute cutoff from 25mm to 15mm, the performance efficiency of fan promotes slightly about 1%.

This thesis is concerned with the speed control of a brushless DC (BLDC) fan motor by switching its coil currents. Because fans are the most common cooling devices for computers, the demand for a quit and efficient fan that is capable of automatically regulating its speed according to temperature grows with each passing day. A mixed linear and switching control scheme which consists of two loop of feedback compensation for a two-phase BLDC fan motor is presented. Roughly speaking, the linear outer loop is mainly for speed regulation, and the inner loop is to generate a switching control signal while doing plant compensation. This control structure is simple and effective, emphasizing on low power consumption, accurate velocity regulation and low switching noise. The performance and stability requirement can be easily met by tuning several positive coefficients in the controller. The experiment shows an average steady-state regulation error of 0.563% in the range of fan¡¦s speed from 1050 to 2231 r.p.m.

Cultural policy theory operates on a division between producers and the public. Dualisms, such as producer/consumer – or, in more nuanced circles, the triadic relationship of consumer/producer/owner – have had a structuring effect on the way in which we envision cultural policy theories. At its core, the producer/consumer dualism implies subjectivities – that is to say that it defines positions in relationships between socio-political actors/actresses. At the governmental level, such clear-cut subject positions are perceptible beyond theories, entering into the actual practice of policy-making to the point where certain policies structure the notion of the public (or consumers), and the producers and/or owners. Copyright law, for instance, represents a good example of such an ideational construct. As a form of cultural policy, copyright law seeks to define the rights of producers with regards to their productions. Consequently, this thesis aims at exploring the forms of agency that develop and challenge both the practice and theoretical constructs of cultural policy. Two aspects command us to question anew these boundaries, one based on contemporary social and technical transformations (the rise of the digital age), and one based on cultural practice (in this case, those of fans and fandoms).Borrowing from theories of cultural studies and Foucauldian approaches to discourse analysis, this thesis explored the emerging discourses surrounding fans and their use of copyrighted material via the internet. Putting emphasis on three fandoms that have had marked histories of fan activism and fan production via the use of copyrighted material – Star Trek, Firefly, and Harry Potter – this paper investigated fans’ use of copyrighted material in developing fan cultures and as a vehicle for their discursive practices. These cases illustrate how fans have challenged the established repertoires of subjects in cultural policy (making and theory), and how their form of agency represents an interesting case of resistance to the rise of the cultural industries conception of cultural policy.

This work develops a methodology for full engine FEA simulation of the fan blade off containment test for a jet engine using LS-Dyna. The fan blade off containment test is a safety requirement involving the intentional release of a fan blade when the engine is running at full power. The released blade must not pierce or fracture the engine cases during the impact or rotating unbalance. The novel feature of the LS-Dyna simulation is the extensive full engine geometry as well as the widespread use of nonlinearities (mainly plasticity and friction) to absorb the large kinetic energies of the engine rotors. The methodology is simple to use, runs quickly and is being recognized by industry as a contender for widespread implementation. Future applications look promising enough that the methodology warrants further development and refinement.

Cultural policy theory operates on a division between producers and the public. Dualisms, such as producer/consumer – or, in more nuanced circles, the triadic relationship of consumer/producer/owner – have had a structuring effect on the way in which we envision cultural policy theories. At its core, the producer/consumer dualism implies subjectivities – that is to say that it defines positions in relationships between socio-political actors/actresses. At the governmental level, such clear-cut subject positions are perceptible beyond theories, entering into the actual practice of policy-making to the point where certain policies structure the notion of the public (or consumers), and the producers and/or owners. Copyright law, for instance, represents a good example of such an ideational construct. As a form of cultural policy, copyright law seeks to define the rights of producers with regards to their productions. Consequently, this thesis aims at exploring the forms of agency that develop and challenge both the practice and theoretical constructs of cultural policy. Two aspects command us to question anew these boundaries, one based on contemporary social and technical transformations (the rise of the digital age), and one based on cultural practice (in this case, those of fans and fandoms).Borrowing from theories of cultural studies and Foucauldian approaches to discourse analysis, this thesis explored the emerging discourses surrounding fans and their use of copyrighted material via the internet. Putting emphasis on three fandoms that have had marked histories of fan activism and fan production via the use of copyrighted material – Star Trek, Firefly, and Harry Potter – this paper investigated fans’ use of copyrighted material in developing fan cultures and as a vehicle for their discursive practices. These cases illustrate how fans have challenged the established repertoires of subjects in cultural policy (making and theory), and how their form of agency represents an interesting case of resistance to the rise of the cultural industries conception of cultural policy.