A diminuição das perdas hídricas com a redução das pressões de operação das redes de distribuição é um fenômeno conhecido há muito tempo pelas companhias de saneamento e distribuição de água. Entre as técnicas empregadas para esta finalidade, a setorização apresenta-se, atualmente, como um dos instrumentos mais efetivos de melhoria e otimização dos serviços de abastecimento. A setorização consiste na separação do sistema de abastecimento hídrico urbano em distritos denominados zonas pitométricas, com o objetivo geral de estabelecer um controle mais efetivo das pressões e das vazões de água destas zonas. A ampla difusão desta técnica, no entanto, não seria possível sem a evolução tecnológica dos elementos chave, necessários à implementação deste método de controle de abastecimento hídrico urbano. Visando subsidiar o desenvolvimento de técnicas para problemas enfrentados na setorização de redes de abastecimento hídrico, neste trabalho é relatado um estudo de caso realizado nas dependências da Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo (SABESP) por meio do qual são apresentadas soluções implementadas por esta Companhia no decorrer de mais de cinco anos. Este tempo permitiu que os métodos apresentados atingissem o grau de maturação necessário para que fosse estabelecido um modelo de setorização funcional e cada vez mais confiável. Por meio deste estudo são apresentadas, como contribuição original, soluções orientadas à utilização de recursos do protocolo digital Foundation Fieldbus, visando agregar ainda mais autonomia e disponibilidade às instalações do sistema de abastecimento hídrico da superintendência do litoral da referida Companhia e incorporando a este sistema características diferenciais como interoperabilidade, flexibilidade e redundância dos elementos críticos que o compõem. / The decrease of the hydric losses with the reduction of the operation pressures of the distribution nets is a phenomenon a long time known for the sanitation and water distribution companies. Among the used techniques for this purpose, the division in sectors technique comes, now, as one of the more effective instruments of improvement and optimization of the supplying services. The division in sectors technique consists in the separation of the hydric urban provisioning system in districts denominated pitometric zones, with the general objective of establishing a more effective control of the water pressures and flows of these zones. The wide diffusion of this technique, however, would not be possible without the technological evolution of the key elements, necessary to carry out this control method of urban hydric supplying. Looking for subsidize the development of techniques for problems faced in the division in sectors technique of hydric provisioning nets, in this work is described a case study, accomplished in the dependences of the Company of Basic Sanitation of the State of São Paulo (SABESP) through which are presented solutions implemented by this Company which has been carried out for more than five years. This time allowed that the methods presented reach the necessary maturation degree so that a functional and each more reliable model of the division in sectors technique would be established. Through this study are presented, as original contribution, proposals guided to the use of resources of the digital protocol Foundation Fieldbus, looking for aggregate yet more autonomy and availability to the facilities of the hydric provisioning system of the coast superintendency of the referred Company and incorporating to this system differentiates characteristics as interoperability, flexibility and redundancy of the critical elements that composes it.

A renewed commitment in the United States and abroad to electricity from renewable resources, such as wind, along with the recent deployment of very large turbines that rise to new heights, makes obtaining the most efficient and safe designs of the structures that support them ever more important. Towards this goal, the present research seeks to understand how optimization concepts and Microsoft Excel's optimization capabilities can be used in the design of wind turbine towers and foundations. Additionally, this research expands on the work of previous researchers to study how considering the tower and foundation as an integral system, where tower support conditions are not perfectly rigid, affects the optimal design. Specifically, optimization problems are formulated and solved with and without taking into account the effect of deflections, resulting from the foundation's rotational and horizontal stiffness, on natural frequency calculations. The general methodology used to transcribe the design of wind turbine towers and foundations into an optimization problem includes: 1) collecting information on design requirements and parameter values 2) deciding how to analyze the structure 3) formulating the optimization problem 4) implementation using Microsoft Excel. Key assumptions include: 1) use of an equivalent lumped mass method for estimating natural frequency 2) International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 61400-1 extreme loading condition controls design (i.e. fatigue loading condition is not considered) 3) extreme loads are obtained from manufacturer provided structural load document that satisfies loading cases outlined in IEC 61400-1 4) wind forces on the tower are calculated in accordance with IEC 61400-1 5) optimization variables are continuous. The sum of the tower material and fabrication cost and the total foundation cost is taken as the objective function. Important conclusions from this work include: 1) optimization concepts and Microsoft Excel's optimization capabilities can be used to obtain reasonable conceptual level designs and cost estimates 2) detailed designs and cost estimates could be achieved using a solver capable of handling discrete optimization problems 3) considering the tower and foundation as an integral system results in a more expensive, but safer, design 4) for the assumed parameter values, the constraint on the tower's natural frequency was found to control the tower design and the bearing capacity constraint was found to control the foundation design 5) relaxing or tightening the limit on the natural frequency will result in the greatest benefit or penalty, respectively, on the optimum solution.

The report analyses if some common problems can be avoided by using modern technology. As a reference system “Fartygsrapporteringssystemet” is used. It is an n-tier web application built with modern technology at time, 2003-2004. The aim is to examine whether ASP.Net MVC, Windows Communication Foundation, Workflow Foundation and SQL Server 2005 Service Broker can be used to create an n-tier web application which also communicate with other systems and facilitate automated testing. The report describes the construction of a prototype in which the presentation layer uses ASP.Net MVC to separate presentation and business logic. Communication with the business layer is done through the Windows Communication Foundation. Hard coded processes are broken out and dealt with by Workflow Foundation. Asynchronous communication with other systems is done by using Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Service Broker. The results of the analysis is that these techniques can be used to create a n-tier web application, but that ASP.Net MVC, which at present only available in a preview release, is not sufficiently developed yet.

Occurrence of displacements of shallow mat foundations resting on saturated silt-clay mixtures were reported in Mexico City during 1985 Mexico Earthquake, and in Adapazari during 1999 Kocaeli (izmit) Earthquake. Soft surface soils, shallow ground water, limited foundation embedments and deep alluvial deposits were the common features pertaining to such foundation displacements in either case. Experience shows, while uniform foundation settlements, even when excessive, do not limit post earthquake serviceability of building structures, tilting is particularly problematic. In this study, a simplified methodology is developed to estimate the seismically induced irrecoverable tilting potential of shallow mats on fine saturated soils. The undrained shear and deformation behavior of silt-clay mixtures encountered at the Adapazari sites with significant foundation displacements are investigated through a series of standard and rapid monotonic, and stress-controlled cyclic triaxial tests conducted over anisotropically consolidated natural soil samples. Test results show that, while the shear strength of these soils do not significantly degrade under means of loading comparable to that of Kocaeli earthquake, their plastic strain accumulation characteristics critically depend on the mode of loading as well as the relative levels of applied load with regard to the monotonic strength. Based on the results of laboratory tests, the response of nonlinear soil-foundation-structure system is reduced to a single-degree-of-freedom oscillator with elastic-perfectly plastic behavior. The natural period of the system is expressed by simplified soil-structure-interaction equations. Pseudo-static yield acceleration, which is required to initiate the foundation bearing capacity failure when applied to the structural mass, is estimated by the finite-element method. Eventually, the tilting potential of the foundations is estimated utilizing inelastic response of the nonlinear oscillator. Response of the deep alluvium sites, which involves velocity pulses with periods consistent with the fundamental site period, is significant in determination of inelastic response of low bearing capacity systems. Predictive capability of the methodology developed is tested with actual case data. The methodology is observed to predict irrecoverable tilting potential of foundations consistent with the observations, except for the cases with low seismic bearing capacity. Deviations are explained considering the sensitivity of low-strength systems to asymmetrical behavior and uncertainties involved in seismic demand.

A tecnologia emergente dos dispositivos móveis como telefones celulares, handhelds e smartphones trouxe um novo paradigma para o uso desses equipamentos, que, além das convencionais chamadas de áudio, hoje suportam vídeo, internet e redes sem fio. Várias aplicações têm sido desenvolvidas para esse ambiente. Por outro lado, na área da automação industrial, os instrumentos de campo modernos contêm embutidos, internamente, conjuntos de informações que proporcionam grande oportunidade para a gestão de ativos. A necessidade do gerenciamento de ativos ocorre na fase de operação da planta industrial e é realizada por meio de ajustes finos, calibrações, alteração de configurações e manutenções, com o objetivo de se evitar paradas indesejadas. Esse trabalho insere-se no contexto de interface entre esses dois mundos: a computação móvel e o gerenciamento de ativos. Nesse sentido, é desenvolvida uma análise dos padrões abertos PROFIBUS PA, HART e Foundation Fieldbus e o uso das suas características aplicado ao gerenciamento de ativos. É apresentada, ainda, uma proposta e verificação de viabilidade técnica de uma arquitetura aplicada ao gerenciamento de ativos a partir de um dispositivo móvel usando-se um canal de comunicação seguro baseado no padrão CyberOPC para acesso à planta industrial / The emerging technology of mobile devices like cell phones, hand helds and smartphones has brought a new paradigm for the use of such equipment, witch, in addition to conventional audio calls, now supports video, internet and wireless networks. Several applications have been developed for this environment. On the other hand, in the industrial automation area, the modern field devices contain embedded information sets that provide great opportunity for asset management. The need for asset management occurs during the operation of the plant and is performed by means of fine tuning, calibration, changes of configuration and maintenance, in order to avoid undesired downtime. This work fits into the context of interface between these two worlds: mobile computing and asset management. In this sense, is made an analysis of open standards PROFIBUS PA, HART and Foundation Fieldbus and use its features applied to asset management. It also presented a proposal and verification of technical feasibility of an architecture applied to asset management from a mobile device using a secure communication channel based on the standard CyberOPC to access the industrial plant

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:08:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LeonardoSGR.pdf: 2071138 bytes, checksum: 68ddf1f535ab5dfa9334c250af52a1d6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-29 / The petrochemical industry has as objective obtain, from crude oil, some products with a higher commercial value and a bigger industrial utility for energy purposes. These industrial processes are complex, commonly operating with large production volume and in restricted operation conditions. The operation control in optimized and stable conditions is important to keep obtained products quality and the industrial plant safety. Currently, industrial network has been attained evidence when there is a need to make the process control in a distributed way. The Foundation Fieldbus protocol for industrial network, for its interoperability feature and its user interface organized in simple configuration blocks, has great notoriety among industrial automation network group. This present work puts together some benefits brought by industrial network technology to petrochemical industrial processes inherent complexity. For this, a dynamic reconfiguration system for intelligent strategies (artificial neural networks, for example) based on the protocol user application layer is proposed which might allow different applications use in a particular process, without operators intervention and with necessary guarantees for the proper plant functioning / A ind?stria petroqu?mica tem por objetivo obter, a partir do petr?leo bruto, produtos de alto valor comercial e de maior utilidade industrial para fins energ?ticos. Os processos dessa ind?stria s?o complexos, geralmente operam com grandes volumes de produ??o e em condi??es restritas de opera??o. O controle da opera??o em condi??es ?timas e est?veis ? importante para manter a qualidade dos produtos obtidos e a seguran?a da planta. Atualmente, as redes industriais t?m alcan?ado destaque quando h? a necessidade de se realizar o controle do processo de forma distribu?da. O protocolo para redes industriais Foundation Fieldbus, por sua caracter?stica de interoperabilidade e sua interface com usu?rio organizada em blocos de simples configura??o, tem grande notoriedade dentre o grupo de redes para automa??o industrial. O presente trabalho agrega os benef?cios trazidos pela tecnologia de redes industriais ? complexidade inerente dos processos ligados a industria petroqu?mica. Para tal, ? proposto um sistema para reconfigura??o din?mica de estrat?gias inteligentes (redes neurais artificiais, por exemplo) baseado na camada de aplica??o do usu?rio do protocolo, o qual poder? permitir o uso de diferentes aplica??es em um determinado processo, sem interven??es de operadores e com as garantias necess?rias para o bom funcionamento da planta

Few South African students pass Grade 12 Physical Science with symbols required by university science, engineering and health science faculties. A large number of students who sit for Grade 12 Physical Science and Mathematics exams pass with symbols that are well below those required by the mainstream science courses at South African universities. Most South African universities have introduced Science Foundation Programmes with the aim of upgrading those students who failed to obtain university entrance symbols in the relevant subjects. Amongst the courses offered in Science Foundation Programmes is Foundation Physics. This study investigates the influence of Foundation Physics in order to find out if the programmes in different institutions are successful in empowering the students who failed to get the required entrance mark in Grade 12 Physical Science. Four South African Historically Black universities participated in this study. The Force and Motion Conceptual Evaluation test (FMCE) (Thornton & Sokoloff, 1998) and mechanics marks were used to assess students' understanding of Newtonian mechanics. Data was analyzed from socio-cultural perspective. A total of 194 students participated in the study. Two groups of students were compared, i.e. those who did Foundation Physics (Foundation group) and those who did not do Foundation Physics (non-Foundation group). The students were tested after they had completed a mechanics module, which forms a great foundation of Physics I (Introductory Physics). Two focus group interviews were held with selected Foundation and non-Foundation students per institution. Students voiced their experiences in Physics I and Foundation Physics. Students were chosen to represent focus groups according to their performance in the FMCE test. Mechanics class performances were also used to evaluate students' performance. In order to establish how Foundation Physics is taught, Foundation Physics Lecturer interviews were conducted at all four institutions. Analysis of data showed that both Foundation and non-Foundation students performed equally in Physics I mechanics module. Foundation group performed better than the non-Foundation group in the FMCE, which is a conceptual test. Foundation Physics lecturers indicated that there were some differences in the way mechanics was taught in Physics I and Foundation Physics. These differences affected students' performance. The lecturers also indicated that there was minimal interaction between Physics I lecturers and Foundation Physics lecturers pertaining to the teaching of the two courses. What influence does Foundation Physics have on the performance of students in Physics I? This study found that students who did Foundation Physics performed better than those who did not do Foundation Physics in conceptual questions and both the groups perform equally in questions that require memorizing and calculations. This implies that Foundation Physics courses are empowering the students to perform well in Physics I. However, as it is evidenced by this research, the differences in assessment in Physics I and Foundation Physics courses in some institutions hampers Foundation Physics students' learning, because the questions asked require them to memorize without understanding, something they are not used to. The researcher recommends that Foundation Physics staff and Physics I staff should start communicating, not only about how Foundation Physics should be run as was the case in the past, but also on how best Physics I should be run. This might help in making sure that the two courses are assessed similarly at one institution. / Mathematics, Science and Technology Education / D. Phil. (Mathematics, Science and Technology Education)

Submitted by Cristiane de Melo Shirayama (cristiane.shirayama@unifesp.br) on 2018-04-05T20:51:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MEDIANEIRA DA SILVA CARVALHO.pdf: 5254155 bytes, checksum: 4467cca834fcc80128c4e85701481867 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Diogo Misoguti (diogo.misoguti@gmail.com) on 2018-04-06T11:44:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MEDIANEIRA DA SILVA CARVALHO.pdf: 5254155 bytes, checksum: 4467cca834fcc80128c4e85701481867 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-06T11:44:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MEDIANEIRA DA SILVA CARVALHO.pdf: 5254155 bytes, checksum: 4467cca834fcc80128c4e85701481867 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O OBJETIVO desta pesquisa é analisar a produção discursiva da Revista Gestão Escolar (RGE) sobre a gestão da escola. A questão que instiga o trabalho é identificar qual modelo de gestão é valorizado pela RGE e, para tanto, trabalhamos com a HIPÓTESE de que o periódico orienta a escola a adotar uma gestão escolar gerencialista com o slogan “gestão democrática e compartilhada” e, ao mesmo tempo, se aproxima das orientações preconizadas por organismos internacionais, entre eles o BM a UNESCO e a OCDE, com vistas ao aumento da produtividade e eficiência, mensurados por meio de avaliações em larga escala, e ao maior alinhamento da escola às necessidades do mercado. O PROBLEMA que estimulou esta investigação é a assunção de que a boa qualidade da educação (seja na condução da educação nacional, seja na condução do que ocorre dentro da escola) decorre, fundamentalmente, apenas do modelo de gestão adotado; nesse sentido, parece que a eficiência das unidades escolares – geralmente determinada por índices de desempenho – passa a ser um problema tipicamente de gestão, ignorando-se os diferentes matizes que marcam discursos multifacetados sobre gestão escolar, bem como a existência de outros fatores intervenientes para a almejada boa qualidade da educação. Para compreender o discurso da revista tratamos, também, de questões que sustentam a argumentação do periódico como as proposições dos Organismos Internacionais sobre gestão escolar e as concepções acerca das parcerias público-privadas (PPP) na educação brasileira. As trajetórias das Fundações Victor Civita (FVC) e Lemann (FL) são abordadas no intuito de melhor conhecer a organização, estrutura e circulação do periódico em análise, identificando as estratégias discursivas que buscam legitimar um discurso sobre a gestão da escola. Para a realização da investigação, foram analisadas 53 (cinquenta e três) edições do periódico, sendo 29 edições impressas e 24 on-line, no período de agosto/2009 a dezembro/2016, além de entrevista com a direção de edição e produtos da Associação Nova Escola (ANE). Para fundamentar as análises trabalhamos com os conceitos de “linguagem autorizada” e “descrever e prescrever” em Bourdieu (2008); de slogan e metáfora, em Scheffler (1974); de ciclo de políticas, gerencialismo e performatividade em Ball (1989, 2001); de “rede de legitimidade” em Ricardo Filho (2005); além das contribuições de Shiroma et al (2005); Victo Paro (1988); Felix (1984) e Ravitch (2011). / The OBJECTIVE of this research is to analyze the discursive production of the School Management Magazine (RGE) on school management. The question that instigates the work is to identify which management model is valued by RGE. We work with the HYPOTHESIS that the periodical guides the school to adopt a managerial school model management with the slogan "democratic and shared management" and, at the same time, utilizes the guidelines recommended by international organizations, among which, the World Bank, UNESCO and OECD, with the purpose of increasing productivity and efficiency, measured through large-scale assessments, and of attaining better aligning between the schools and the needs of the market economy. The ISSUE that stimulated this research is the assumption that the good quality of education (whether in the conduct of the national education or in the conduct of what happens inside the school) is fundamentally based only on the management model adopted. In this sense, it seems that the efficiency of the school units - usually determined by performance indexes - becomes a typical management problem, ignoring the different tints that mark the multifaceted discourses about school management, as well as the existence of other intervening factors for the desired good quality of education. In order to understand the discourse of the journal, we also address issues that support the journal's arguments, such as the proposals of the International Organizations on school management and the conceptions about public-private partnerships (PPP) in Brazilian education. The trajectories of the Victor Civita (FVC) and Lemann (FL) Foundations are approached in order to understand better the organization, structure and circulation of the periodical under analysis, identifying the discursive strategies that seek to legitimize a discourse about school management. In order to carry out the research, 53 (fifty-three) editions of the journal were analyzed, being 29 printed editions and 24 online editions, from August/2009 to December/2016. We have also interviewed the directors of editing and of products of the New School Association (ANE). To substantiate our reviews, we use the following theories: the concepts of "authorized language" and "describe and prescribe" in Bourdieu (2008); the concept of slogan and metaphor in Scheffler (1974); the notions of policy cycle, managerialism and performativity in Ball (1989, 2001) and the idea of "legitimacy network" in Ricardo Filho (2005). In addition to those, we have also utilized contributions from Shiroma et al (2005); Victo Paro (1988); Felix (1984) and Ravitch (2011).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:55:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GaudioVLB_Capa_ate_pag17.pdf: 9585869 bytes, checksum: 2c08182891dcc8649365bc6bb452f431 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-12-03 / This work proposes the specification of a new function block according to Foundation Fieldbus standards. The new block implements an artificial neural network, which may be useful in process control applications. The specification includes the definition of a main algorithm, that implements a neural network, as well as the description of some accessory functions, which provide safety characteristics to the block operation. Besides, it also describes the block attributes emphasizing its parameters, which constitute the block interfaces. Some experimental results, obtained from an artificial neural network implementation using actual standard functional blocks on a laboratorial FF network, are also shown, in order to demonstrate the possibility and also the convenience of integrating a neural network to Fieldbus devices / Esta disserta??o apresenta a especifica??o de um novo Bloco Funcional de acordo com o padr?o Foundation Fieldbus, implementando uma Rede Neural Artificial ?til em diversas aplica??es de controle de processos. Essa especifica??o inclui a defini??o do algoritmo central do bloco, que implementa uma RN, e das fun??es acess?rias de forma a prover seguran?a de opera??o, al?m da descri??o dos atributos do bloco, com ?nfase nos par?metros, que formam as interfaces do objeto. Apresentam-se tamb?m os experimentos que foram realizados a partir de uma rede FF de laborat?rio, em que se empregaram apenas blocos padronizados j? existentes, a fim de se verificar a possibilidade e a conveni?ncia de integra??o de algoritmos de RN em dispositivos de campo FF

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:55:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DanielLM_DISSERT.pdf: 2854264 bytes, checksum: 7dab37a82a8722342102681fd9fbdda2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-14 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Foundation Fieldbus Industrial networks are the high standard technology which allows users to create complex control logic and totally decentralized. Although being so advanced, they still have some limitations imposed by their own technology. Attempting to solve one of these limitations, this paper describes how to design a Fuzzy controller in a Foundation Fieldbus network using their basic elements of programming, the functional blocks, so that the network remains fully independent of other devices other than the same instruments that constitute it. Moreover, in this work was developed a tool that aids this process of building the Fuzzy controller, setting the internal parameters of functional blocks and informing how many and which blocks should be used for a given structure. The biggest challenge in creating this controller is exactly the choice of blocks and how to arrange them in order to effectuate the same functions of a Fuzzy controller implemented in other kind of environment. The methodology adopted was to divide each one of the phases of a traditional Fuzzy controller and then create simple structures with the functional blocks to implement them. At the end of the work, the developed controller is compared with a Fuzzy controller implemented in a mathematical program that it has a proper tool for the development and implementation of Fuzzy controllers, obtaining comparatives graphics of performance between both / As redes industriais Foundation Fieldbus s?o redes com alto padr?o de tecnologia que permitem que usu?rios criem l?gicas de controle complexas e totalmente descentralizadas. Mesmo sendo t?o avan?adas, elas ainda possuem algumas limita??es impostas pela sua pr?pria tecnologia. Tentando solucionar uma destas limita??es, este trabalho descreve como estruturar um controlador Fuzzy dentro de uma rede Foundation Fieldbus utilizando seus elementos b?sicos de programa??o, os blocos funcionais, de forma que a rede continue sendo totalmente independente de qualquer outro dispositivo que n?o os pr?prios instrumentos que a constituem. Al?m disso, no decorrer do trabalho foi desenvolvida uma ferramenta que auxilia este processo de constru??o do controlador Fuzzy, configurando os par?metros internos aos blocos funcionais e informando quantos e quais blocos devem ser utilizados para determinada estrutura. O maior desafio em criar este controlador est? justamente na escolha dos blocos e em como arranj?-los de forma a efetuarem as mesmas fun??es de um controlador Fuzzy implementado em outro tipo de ambiente. A metodologia adotada foi dividir cada uma das fases de um controlador Fuzzy tradicional e ent?o criar estruturas simples com os blocos funcionais para implement?-las. Ao final do trabalho, o controlador desenvolvido ? comparado com um controlador Fuzzy implementado em uma programa matem?tico que possui uma ferramenta pr?pria para cria??o e execu??o de controladores Fuzzy, obtendo gr?ficos comparativos de desempenho entre ambos