Tez (Yüksek Lisans) - Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İnşaat Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı, 2008. / Bibliyografya var.

Orientador: Gilberto Pechoto de Melo / Banca: Amarildo Tabone Paschoalini / Banca: Yukio Kobayashi / Resumo: Nos últimos anos, tem havido um grande interesse das indústrias no desenvolvimento de novas técnicas de detecção e localização de falhas, pois se preocupam cada vez mais com a segurança, havendo assim, a necessidade de supervisão e monitoramento dos sistemas para que as falhas sejam evitadas ou sanadas o mais rápido possível. Determinados parâmetros em sistemas reais como massa, rigidez e amortecimento, podem variar devido ao aparecimento de falhas ou ao próprio desgaste natural dos componentes. Um aparecimento de trincas pode provocar perdas econômicas ou até conduzir a situações perigosas com paradas abruptas das máquinas e/ou equipamentos. Através do auxílio de modelos teóricos bem definidos, métodos de identificação de parâmetros, observadores de estado e auxílio à decisão foi possível desenvolver uma metodologia para detecção e localização de trincas em estruturas reticuladas, dando ênfase às tridimensionais. Foi possível detectar e localizar a trinca já no seu início e acompanhar sua propagação para uma possível parada programada. Foi utilizada a metodologia dos observadores de estado, que pode reconstruir os estados não medidos ou os valores provenientes de pontos de difícil acesso no sistema. Foi construída uma estrutura reticulada no Laboratório para validação da metodologia desenvolvida e os resultados foram bastante satisfatórios / Abstract: In recent years there has been a great interest of industry in developing new techniques for detection and location of faults, because they worry more about security, so there is the need for supervision and monitoring systems so that failures are avoided or remedied as soon as possible. Certain parameters in real systems such as mass, stiffness and damping can vary due to some failures to own or wear and tear of components. An appearance of cracks can cause economic loss or even lead to dangerous situations with abrupt stopping of machines and/or equipment. Through the aid of well-defined theoretical models, methods of parameter identification, state observers and aid the decision was possible to develop a methodology for detecting and locating cracks in frame structures, emphasizing the three-dimensional. It was possible to detect and locate the crack already in its early stages and monitor its spread to a possible shutdown. Methodology was applied for observer status, which can reconstruct the unmeasured states or values from points of difficult access in the system. A reticulated structure was built at the Laboratory for validation of the methodology and the results were very satisfactory / Mestre

A Windows based post processor for the design of reinforced concrete space frames is developed. The post processor is capable of designing beams and columns of reinforced concrete space frames in accordance with the ACI specification. The program is developed in C++ using the object oriented programming approach. The objects used in the program represents a one to one analogy with objects in the real world. The computer model of a structure is composed of objects like members, joints, loads, beams and columns. The development of the post processor is discussed and the program architecture is presented. The design results obtained from the post processor are compared with those obtained from several commercial structural design programs to ensure the correctness of the design. It was concluded that the application of object oriented programming techniques results in programs that are easier to develop and maintain and also greatly reduces the effort required for developing applications for graphical user interfaces. / Master of Science

The displacement method of the finite element is adopted. Both the updated Lagrangian formulation and total Lagrangian formulation of a three-dimensional beam element is employed for large displacement and large rotation, but small strain analysis. A beam-column element or finite element can be used to model geometrically nonlinear behavior of space frames. The two element models are compared on the basis of their efficiency, accuracy, economy and limitations. An iterative approach, either Newton-Raphson iteration or modified Riks/Wempner iteration, is employed to trace the nonlinear equilibrium path. The latter can be used to perform postbuckling analysis. / Ph. D.

Avanços nas pesquisas em Veículos Agrícolas Autônomos (VAA\'s) e de Robôs Agrícolas Móveis (RAM\'s) têm sido conquistados nos últimos anos. Entretanto, um número limitado de trabalhos foca o desenvolvimento das estruturas destes veículos. O presente trabalho apresenta uma revisão de materiais encontrados na literatura e no mercado. Estudou-se modelagem cinemática de veículos autônomos que possuem configurações de suas estruturas projetadas para ter mobilidade melhorada. Estudaram-se estruturas mecânicas de máquinas que atuam em vários estádios de desenvolvimento de lavouras típicas brasileiras. Baseado no levantamento e esse estudo, foi projetado e construído um veículo com conceito modular e de pórtico para ser uma plataforma robótica no qual é utilizado para o sensoriamento em área agrícola. Uma modelagem cinemática simplificada do veículo foi realizada, fundamentada nos conceitos básicos de cinemáticas em robôs móveis. Por fim é apresentado o desenvolvimento da estrutura em pórtico do veículo. Pretende-se que o resultado auxilie no desenvolvimento de projeto de VAA\'s. / Advance on AAV (Autonomous Agriculture Vehicle) and MAR (Mobile Agriculture Robots) research are noticed in the recent years. However, a limited number of works focus in the structure development of such vehicles. This work introduces a review of the materials found in literature and market. Kinematics models of Autonomous Vehicles that have its structures designed to have mobility improved have been studied. It was studied mechanical structures of machines that act in various stages of typical brazilians crops. Based on this study and survey, a vehicle has been built with a modular concept and portal frame structure format to be used as a robotic platform in which it performs remote sensing in agricultural areas. A simplified Kinematic model have been done using basics concepts of mobile robots kinematics. At the end of this work is presented the portal frame structure development. The results obtained may assist in the design development of AAV\'s.

Avanços nas pesquisas em Veículos Agrícolas Autônomos (VAA\'s) e de Robôs Agrícolas Móveis (RAM\'s) têm sido conquistados nos últimos anos. Entretanto, um número limitado de trabalhos foca o desenvolvimento das estruturas destes veículos. O presente trabalho apresenta uma revisão de materiais encontrados na literatura e no mercado. Estudou-se modelagem cinemática de veículos autônomos que possuem configurações de suas estruturas projetadas para ter mobilidade melhorada. Estudaram-se estruturas mecânicas de máquinas que atuam em vários estádios de desenvolvimento de lavouras típicas brasileiras. Baseado no levantamento e esse estudo, foi projetado e construído um veículo com conceito modular e de pórtico para ser uma plataforma robótica no qual é utilizado para o sensoriamento em área agrícola. Uma modelagem cinemática simplificada do veículo foi realizada, fundamentada nos conceitos básicos de cinemáticas em robôs móveis. Por fim é apresentado o desenvolvimento da estrutura em pórtico do veículo. Pretende-se que o resultado auxilie no desenvolvimento de projeto de VAA\'s. / Advance on AAV (Autonomous Agriculture Vehicle) and MAR (Mobile Agriculture Robots) research are noticed in the recent years. However, a limited number of works focus in the structure development of such vehicles. This work introduces a review of the materials found in literature and market. Kinematics models of Autonomous Vehicles that have its structures designed to have mobility improved have been studied. It was studied mechanical structures of machines that act in various stages of typical brazilians crops. Based on this study and survey, a vehicle has been built with a modular concept and portal frame structure format to be used as a robotic platform in which it performs remote sensing in agricultural areas. A simplified Kinematic model have been done using basics concepts of mobile robots kinematics. At the end of this work is presented the portal frame structure development. The results obtained may assist in the design development of AAV\'s.

Foldable and deployable space structures refer to a broad category of pre-fabricated structures that can be transformed from a compact folded configuration to a predetermined expanded configuration. Such deployable structures are stable and can carry loads. These structures are also mechanisms with one degree of freedom in their entire transformation stages whether in the initial folded form or in the final expanded configuration. Usually, pantograph mechanisms or a scissor-like elements (SLEs) are part of such deployable structures. A new analysis tool to study kinematic and static analyses of foldable and deployable space structures /mechanisms, containing SLEs, has been developed in this thesis. The Cartesian coordinates are used to study the kinematics of large deployable structures. For many deployable structures the degree of freedom derived using the standard Grubler-Kutzback criteria, is found to be less than one even though the deployable structure /mechanism can clearly move. In this work the dimension of nullspace of the derivatives of the constraint equations are used to obtain the correct degrees of freedom of deployable structure. A numerical algorithm has been developed to identify the redundant joints /links in the deployable structure /mast which results in the incorrect degrees of freedom obtained by using the Grubler-Kutzback criteria. The effectiveness of the algorithm has been illustrated with several examples consisting of triangular, box shaped SLE mast and an eighteen-sided SLE ring with revolute joints. Further more the constraint Jacobian matrix is also used to evaluate the global degrees of freedom of deployable masts/structures. Closed-form kinematic solutions have been obtained for the triangular and box type masts and finally, as a generalization, extended to a general n-sided SLE based ring structure. The constraint Jacobian matrix based approach has also been extended to obtain the load carrying characteristics of deployable structures with SLEs in terms of deriving the stiffness matrix of the structure. The stiffness matrix has been obtained in the symbolic form and it matches results obtained from other commonly used techniques such as force and displacement methods. It is shown that the approach developed in this thesis is applicable for all types of practical masts with revolute joints where the revolute joint constraints are made to satisfy through the method of Lagrange multipliers and a penalty formulation. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the new method, the procedure is applied to solving (i) a simple hexagonal SLE mast, and (ii) a complex assembly of four hexagonal masts and the results are presented. In summary, a complete analysis tool to study masts with SLEs has been developed. It is shown that the new tool is effective in evaluating the redundant links /joints there by over coming the problems associated with the well –known Grubler-Kutzback criteria. Closed-form kinematic solutions of triangular and box SLE masts as well as a general n-sided SLE ring with revolute joints has been obtained. Finally, the constraint Jacobian based method is used to evaluate the stiffness matrix for the SLE masts. The theory and algorithms presented in this thesis can be extended to masts of different shapes and for the stacked masts.

The vibration of and wave propagation in periodic cellular structures are analyzed. Cellular structures exhibit a number of desirable multifunctional properties, which make them attractive in a variety of engineering applications. These include ultra-light structures, thermal and acoustic insulators, and impact amelioration systems, among others. Cellular structures with deterministic architecture can be considered as example of periodic structures. Periodic structures feature unique wave propagation characteristics, whereby elastic waves propagate only in specific frequency bands, known as "pass band", while they are attenuated in all other frequency bands, known as "stop bands". Such dynamic properties are here exploited to provide cellular structures with the capability of behaving as directional, pass-band mechanical filters, thus complementing their well documented multifunctional characteristics. This work presents a methodology for the analysis of the dynamic behavior of periodic cellular structures, which allows the evaluation of location and spectral width of propagation and attenuation regions. The filtering characteristics are tested and demonstrated for structures of various geometry and topology, including cylindrical grid-like structures, Kagom and eacute; and tetrhedral truss core lattices. Experimental investigations is done on a 2-D lattice manufactured out of aluminum. The complete wave field of the specimen at various frequencies is measured using a Scanning Laser Doppler Vibrometer (SLDV). Experimental results show good agreement with the methodology and computational tools developed in this work. The results demonstrate how wave propagation characteristics are defined by cell geometry and configuration. Numerical and experimental results show the potential of periodic cellular structures as mechanical filters and/or isolators of vibrations.

Performance-based engineering (PBE) requires advances in hazard characterization, structural modeling, and nonlinear analysis techniques to fully and efficiently develop the fragility expressions and other tools forming the basis for risk-based design procedures. This research examined and extended the state-of-the-art in hazard characterization (wind and surge) and risk-based design procedures (seismic). State-of-the-art hurricane models (including wind field, tracking and decay models) and event-based simulation techniques were used to characterize the hurricane wind hazard along the Texas coast. A total of 10,000 years of synthetic hurricane wind speed records were generated for each zip-code in Texas and were used to statistically characterize the N-year maximum hurricane wind speed distribution for each zip-code location and develop design non-exceedance probability contours for both coastal and inland areas. Actual recorded wind and surge data, the hurricane wind field model, hurricane size parameters, and a measure of storm kinetic energy were used to develop wind-surge and wind-surge-energy models, which can be used to characterize the wind-surge hazard at a level of accuracy suitable for PBE applications. These models provide a powerful tool to quickly and inexpensively estimate surge depths at coastal locations in advance of a hurricane landfall. They also were used to create surge hazard maps that provide storm surge height non-exceedance probability contours for the Texas coast. The simulation tools, wind field models, and statistical analyses, make it possible to characterize the risk-consistent hurricane events considering both hurricane intensity and size. The proposed methodology for event-based hurricane hazard characterization, when coupled with a hurricane damage model, can also be used for regional loss estimation and other spatial impact analyses. In considering seismic hazard, a risk-consistent framework for displacement-based seismic design of engineered multistory woodframe structures was developed. Specifically, a database of probability-based scale factors which can be used in a direct displacement design (DDD) procedure for woodframe buildings was created using nonlinear time-history analyses with suitably scaled ground motions records. The resulting DDD procedure results in more risk-consistent designs and therefore advances the state-of-the-art in displacement-based seismic design of woodframe structures.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-05-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:14:29Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 watanabe_l_me_ilha.pdf: 2840433 bytes, checksum: dfba204f1b82da88aa2da2eca31e1d20 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Nos últimos anos, tem havido um grande interesse das indústrias no desenvolvimento de novas técnicas de detecção e localização de falhas, pois se preocupam cada vez mais com a segurança, havendo assim, a necessidade de supervisão e monitoramento dos sistemas para que as falhas sejam evitadas ou sanadas o mais rápido possível. Determinados parâmetros em sistemas reais como massa, rigidez e amortecimento, podem variar devido ao aparecimento de falhas ou ao próprio desgaste natural dos componentes. Um aparecimento de trincas pode provocar perdas econômicas ou até conduzir a situações perigosas com paradas abruptas das máquinas e/ou equipamentos. Através do auxílio de modelos teóricos bem definidos, métodos de identificação de parâmetros, observadores de estado e auxílio à decisão foi possível desenvolver uma metodologia para detecção e localização de trincas em estruturas reticuladas, dando ênfase às tridimensionais. Foi possível detectar e localizar a trinca já no seu início e acompanhar sua propagação para uma possível parada programada. Foi utilizada a metodologia dos observadores de estado, que pode reconstruir os estados não medidos ou os valores provenientes de pontos de difícil acesso no sistema. Foi construída uma estrutura reticulada no Laboratório para validação da metodologia desenvolvida e os resultados foram bastante satisfatórios / In recent years there has been a great interest of industry in developing new techniques for detection and location of faults, because they worry more about security, so there is the need for supervision and monitoring systems so that failures are avoided or remedied as soon as possible. Certain parameters in real systems such as mass, stiffness and damping can vary due to some failures to own or wear and tear of components. An appearance of cracks can cause economic loss or even lead to dangerous situations with abrupt stopping of machines and/or equipment. Through the aid of well-defined theoretical models, methods of parameter identification, state observers and aid the decision was possible to develop a methodology for detecting and locating cracks in frame structures, emphasizing the three-dimensional. It was possible to detect and locate the crack already in its early stages and monitor its spread to a possible shutdown. Methodology was applied for observer status, which can reconstruct the unmeasured states or values from points of difficult access in the system. A reticulated structure was built at the Laboratory for validation of the methodology and the results were very satisfactory