The role of farming in promoting the expansion of the pioneer frontier is today being taken over by the mining industries, which are leap-frogging the present limits of agriculture and establishing small urban communities in otherwise uninhabited landscapes. Nowhere are better examples of this latter type of pioneering to be found than in the Labrador-Ungava section of the Canadian Shield. There, where the northern frontier of successful commercial agriculture is left far to the south, a rich new mining empire is developing in a land formerly thought or as a sub-arctic waste.

Until the last decade or so, scientific material concerning the Queen Elizabeth Islands has been derived almost entirely from the work of expeditions. Some of these, it is true, went to the area only in attempts to discover new lands, to traverse the mythical "open polar sea", or to reach the North Pole itself, but several expeditions also made careful and detailed scientific observations. At least two such meteorological records are still of interest and value in the study of the climate of the northern part of Ellesmere Island.

The peasant settlement of Orange Hill, in the parish of St. James, lies midway between the highest land in Barbados, and the leeward coast. It is set around the bluff of the second lowest of a series of terraces of marine origin, which are best developed on this side of the island. Sugar plantations which surround the village cover much of this and the lower terrace, gradually giving way near the coast to a high rental resort strip along the shore line. The great majority of the peasant population of Barbados lives in small villages of which Orange Hill is in many ways typical.

Note: Missing Page 60. / Despite the generally underdeveloped state of tropical countries, only in recent years, as a result of the agitation by frustrated peoples and the rivalry between two dominant ideologies, has there been any real effort to improve conditions by investigation into and modernisation of various aspects of economic life. Tropical fisheries have not been neglected, though these have not generally been one of the first activities to be considered. Based on this work, a general assessment of these fisheries, including the factors influencing their nature and their development, and the possible trend of future advances, has been undertaken and an attempt is made to fit the Barbados Fishery into the general pattern.

In the northwestern part of Canada there lies a region of 734,566 square miles, equal to about one-fifth of the entire area of the Dominion, occupied by 19,375 people. This sub-Arctic region, north of the 60th parallel of latitude and west of the 102nd meridian of longitude, is virtually a Dominion within a Dominion. Designated herein as the Northwest, this great expanse of mountains, plains and plateau comprises the entire Yukon Territory and the District of Mackenzie, Northwest Territories. This vast region first came into prominence in 1789 as a result of Alexander Mackenzie's famous journey to the mouth of the river named in his honour.

Between Victoria and the mainland coasts of British Columbia and Washington State lie the Straits of Georgia and Juan de Fuca. These two arms of the Pacific Ocean occupying structural depressions in the cordilleran system, the one a portion of the Pacific Coast downfold and the other transversing the direction of this strike and of uncertain origin, sever the Vancouver range from its neighbours causing it to rise as an island.

This study presents an analysis of the function of the Lachine Canal. The primary purpose is to determine the extent to which the Canal serves the industries and establishments located on or near its banks, as a transport facility, and as a source of water. The study has been extended to include a survey of the physical and cultural landscape of the area surrounding the Canal (hereinafter referred to as the Lachine Canal Zone) in order to assess the relationship of the Canal to that area.

During the past five years the continuous flow of data from the Arctic region has made possible a more reliable daily synoptic analysis bath for the surface and upper levels. Much work has already been done to establish the monthly and seasonal broad-scale features of the lower and mid-troposphere, and to study in greater detail the perturbations. In 1952 the Extended Forecasting Section of the United States Weather Bureau published a revised version of their monthly normal maps for the northern hemisphere.

The material presented in this thesis is drawn from investigations made during a three month field season at the McGill Subarctic Research Laboratory. During May, June and September, 1957, a study of the bogs in the Knoh Lake area was made. The primary objective was to make a field check on a classification which had been made from air photographs during the winter of 1956-57. It is not intended as a Botanical study, but is a consideration of the physical characteristics and surface features, in an attempt to explain their mode of occurrence. It is hoped that the study may provide useful material in a large scale study which is being made at McGill University, namely that of the radiation and moisture balances of Labrador-Ungava.

The oldest known descriptions of glaciers are found in Icelandic literature from the 11th century. Scientific studies of glaciers were first undertaken in Switzerland some five hundred years later, and during the 19th century glaciology became important in geology, as it was evident that the glaciers were instrumental in the evolution of landscape. Regular meteorological service, with weather forecasting, was first established in France, where synoptic weather maps were published from 1863, but climatological research had been carried out before that date.