Thesis--University of Zurich, 1980. / Five hundred copies printed. Includes bibliographical references (p. 257-271) and index.

Revised version of the author's dissertation (Tübingen, 1995). / Includes bibliographical references (p. [251]-256) and index.

The aim of the Diploma Thesis is to present a German teacher profile and upcoming teacher profile in the Czech Republic, to specify basic elements of German language teacher and to analyze current profiles of College of Education graduates ? German language specializations, which are introduced by College of Education Departments of German language at universities in the Czech Republic. The theoretical part deals with current situation in Czech educational system, curriculum documents and competence issues. In reference to a presentation of standard´s proposal of the Czech Republic and standard´s proposal of Germany in the practical part, the German educational system state is also described. With regard to a conception of standard, the Thesis also deals with competence issues. The profiles of College of Education graduates are compared in the practical part, from several departments with each other and also with a German standard. Based on the PAneCZ project realized by international cooperation of Passau University and University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, which the author of this Diploma Thesis took part in, a questionnaire analysis is made public in the practical part. This questionnaire was focused on imaginations and opinions of secondary schools´students about teaching profession. The analysis sums up what competences a primary school teacher should hold.

Doctorat en philosophie et lettres / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Gerhart Hauptmann, whose naturalistic period embraced the years 1885-1906, gave the world a negative picture of the woman who by her demeanor or actions destroys a man. In this thesis a distinction is drawn between lower class, unsophisticated women like Lene Thiel or Hanne Sehäl and more highly educated and somewhat emancipated women such as Anna Mahr and Hanna Elias. The former type destroyed the man through more coarse or brutal methods while the latter naturally employed a higher degree of sophistication exercising their destructive influence. Moreover, the former type married the men they subsequently ruined whereas the latter did not. The one aspect which unites all of the Hauptmann women in these works was the destructive influence, and the corresponding weakness of the men. The hopelessness of the situation in which the men found themselves was one of the important characteristics of Naturalism. No defender of women's emancipation, Hauptmann scorned the enlightened, educated women by making them just as unsuccessful as their less educated and unsophisticated counterparts. This point was made more distinctly in a Hauptmann drama of a later period entitled Insel der Grossen Mutter which appeared in 1924. The history of the time indicates the presence of a significant movement in the field of women's emancipation in Europe. Many of the models for Hauptmann's women were taken from real life. With the possible exception of Anna Mahr in Einsame Menschen, Hugh Garten's assertion that Hauptmann's women "are closer than men to the irrational forces of life" appears true. This exception may also be one of the finest characterizations of Hauptmann. The intrigant is remembered as one of the contributions of this commanding figure of German literature.

In this thesis an attempt is made to show the impression World War I made on the mind of a young German author. I have tried to interpret his outlook on war and to show how he could arrive at such a seemingly sordid statement as "living is killing". In 1920 a relatively unknown member of the Reichswehr published an account of World War I that soon became a bestseller. The book was In Stahlgewittern, its author Ernst Jünger. It was followed two years later by Der Kampf als inneres Erlebnis. Their common subject was war. The success of the two novels served to catapult Ernst Jünger from being a highly decorated officer of the war, but otherwise widely unknown, into the limelight of fame. It opened the doors for him to the intellectual and literary circles of Germany and later on of Europe. Although the subject of both works specifically pertains to World War I, almost the whole length of which the author had seen on the western front, their scope is much wider. Jünger attempts to show how he sees war in general. To make this clear he deals lengthily with the word of Heraklit of war as the father of all things. At the time that Jünger published these books which show war as a positive experience, the general literary feeling in Europe was still strongly anti-war. Nevertheless he managed not only to voice his opinion, but also to use these works especially as the starting point of an immensely successful and prolific literary career. Even though Ernst Jünger does not deny the horrors and atrocities of war, his books are an apotheosis of the subject. Paradoxically, war to him is the one thing that will serve to perpetuate the human race. This is achieved in a way that is vaguely reminiscent of Darwin's theory of the survival of the fittest. In war a new elite or new "race" is born. Just as war has fathered it, it in turn will be responsible for the following generations. Race, in Jünger's sense, is not a biological term, rather a philosophical experience. To survive, and to create the new man, the soldier has again to be made aware of his past. Only by linking his prehistoric existence with modern man and modern man's accomplishments, will he be able to form this new race. Blood, i.e. instinct rather than reasoning, originality rather than the stifling process of learning, is modern man's only means for survival. Especially with this theory Jünger came dangerously close to the world of ideas of National-Socialism. Even though Jünger was opposed to the crude ideology of the Nazis, he did little to defend his works against their use and exploitation. This, as well as his own ideas about war, has made him one of the most controversial German writers of the twentieth century.

Wahrend des Weltkriegen was die allgemeine Gesinnung unneres Landes gegen die Deutschen so feindlich, dass wir sogar nichts mit ihrer Musik, Literature, und "Zultur" zu tun haben wollten. Aber nun herrscht der Friele schon seit einiger Zeit. Unser Unwille ist vorgei; wir sing wieder duldsam und freundschaftlich gegen sie gesinnt und taten also wohl sie ohne Vorurteil zu betrachten. Un die Deutschen der Gegenwart besser zu verstehen, wollen wir Goethe so recht verstehen lernen, weil er noch heute ihr Denken stark beeinfluest. During the world war the general attitude of our country against the Germans was so hostile that we even didn't want to have anything to do with their music, literature and "culture". But the Friele has been around for some time now. Our unwillingness prevails; we are again tolerant and friendly towards her and so we did it without considering prejudice. To understand the Germans better today, we want to learn to understand Goethe, because he still strongly influences their thinking today.

This study compares simultaneously interpreted German speech to non-interpreted German discourse in order to determine whether interpreted language is characterised by any of the laws that have been found to feature in translated text, i.e. the law of growing standardisation and the law of interference. It is hypothesised that interpreters typically exaggerate German communicative norms, thereby producing manifestations of growing standardisation. In order to test this hypothesis, comparative and parallel analyses are carried out using corpora of interpreted and non-interpreted discourse. During the comparative phase, two types of interpreted German speech are each compared to non-interpreted language and to each other in order to determine how interpreted speech differs from non-interpreted discourse. During the parallel analysis, the interpreted German segments are compared to their source language counterparts with the aim of determining the reasons for the production of the patterns discovered during the first phase. The results indicate that interpreters do not produce patterns similar to those that characterise translated text: neither the law of growing standardisation nor the law of interference is manifest in the data. Instead, a different feature, namely an increased degree of generalisation, is discovered in the interpreters‟ output. This feature appears to be the result of the use of strategies that enable interpreters to deal with time, memory and linearity constraints inherent in SI. It can hence be confirmed that interpreted German differs from non-interpreted German discourse in certain respects. / Linguistics / M.A. (Linguistics)

This study compares simultaneously interpreted German speech to non-interpreted German discourse in order to determine whether interpreted language is characterised by any of the laws that have been found to feature in translated text, i.e. the law of growing standardisation and the law of interference. It is hypothesised that interpreters typically exaggerate German communicative norms, thereby producing manifestations of growing standardisation. In order to test this hypothesis, comparative and parallel analyses are carried out using corpora of interpreted and non-interpreted discourse. During the comparative phase, two types of interpreted German speech are each compared to non-interpreted language and to each other in order to determine how interpreted speech differs from non-interpreted discourse. During the parallel analysis, the interpreted German segments are compared to their source language counterparts with the aim of determining the reasons for the production of the patterns discovered during the first phase. The results indicate that interpreters do not produce patterns similar to those that characterise translated text: neither the law of growing standardisation nor the law of interference is manifest in the data. Instead, a different feature, namely an increased degree of generalisation, is discovered in the interpreters‟ output. This feature appears to be the result of the use of strategies that enable interpreters to deal with time, memory and linearity constraints inherent in SI. It can hence be confirmed that interpreted German differs from non-interpreted German discourse in certain respects. / Linguistics and Modern Languages / M.A. (Linguistics)

The Master's thesis is based on the linguistic approach. The purpose of this research is to classify anglicisms in the German-language media discourse and determine their specificity. The study analyzes the printed editions of the German-language magazine “DER SPIEGEL” for the year 2018. This magazine is common not only in Germany but also in other countries, mainly European. It can shape public opinion on selected issues, and is also one of the leading media sources in Germany. This Master's thesis analyzes the concepts of anglicism and media discourse, the specifics of anglicisms is the reasons for their borrowing, the historical aspects of borrowings that entered the German language, the difficulties in their entry into the language, the attitude of German-speaking society to anglicisms, the typologies of foreign-language borrowings and ways of their assimilation in the German language, the concept of the phenomenon of Denglisch, and the main classification of borrowings. The research focuses on the analysis of anglicisms and foreign language borrowings from the third language in the magazines "DER SPIEGEL" for the year 2018 such as their calculation, spread throughout main areas, their classification, as well as consideration of their functions. / Магистерская диссертация выполнена в рамках лингвистики. Целью данного исследования является типологизация англицизмов в немецкоязычном медийном дискурсе и определение их специфики. В исследовании анализируются печатные издания немецкоязычного журнала «DER SPIEGEL» за 2018 год. Этот журнал распространен не только в Германии, но и в других странах, в основном, европейских. Он может формировать общественное мнение в отношении отдельных вопросов, а также является одним из ведущих средств массовой информации в Германии. В рамках данной магистерской диссертации анализируются понятия англицизм и медийный дискурс, специфика англицизмов - причины их заимствования, исторические аспекты заимствований, вошедших в немецкий язык, сложности при их вхождении в язык, отношение немецкоязычного общества к англицизмам, рассматриваются типологии иноязычных заимствований и способы их ассимиляции в немецком языке, понятие явления Denglisch, выводится основная классификация заимствований. В исследовании акцент сделан на анализе англицизмов и иноязычных заимствований из третьего языка в журналах «DER SPIEGEL» за 2018 год: на их подсчете, распределении по основным областям, их классификации, а также рассмотрении их функций.