As a result of the Good Start, Grow Smart Initiative (GSGS) in 2002, states began developing Early Learning Guidelines (ELGs), which are utilized by state funded programs for children ages 3 to 5. Although GSGS recommended that states include literacy, language, and pre-reading skills in ELGs, many states developed more comprehensive documents that included broader ranges of skills and activities consistent with each state's conceptualization of what constitutes quality learning environments for this age group. Consequently, music content, if included in ELGs, may vary from state to state. Three national standards documents may have informed music standards included in ELGs, such as The National Music Standards for Prekindergarten, Head Start Child Development and Early Learning Framework, and the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) All-Criteria Document. I conducted a content analysis of state ELGs: 1) to determine what musical behaviors and activities states have codified as official knowledge within quality learning environments for young children, and 2) to ascertain the extent to which the musical content reflects music standards included in national prekindergarten standards documents. Findings indicated that the broadly-framed Head Start and NAEYC music indicators were well-represented in state ELGs. The majority of ELGs have addressed two of the Content Standards of The National Music Standards for Prekindergarten, "Singing and Playing Instruments" (88%) and "Responding to Music" (74%). The Content Standards "Creating Music" and "Understanding Music" were addressed in far fewer ELGs (27% and 33%, respectively). The more prescriptive Achievement Standards were less frequently included in ELGs. Additionally, 14.33% of all music-related indictors included in state ELGs did not reflect the music content of any of the national standards and guidelines; rather, the indicators represented additional music content (for example, audience skills), music activities that promote social and emotional development, and facilitating learning in other curriculum areas. When ELGs were examined through a conceptual framework of policy and Developmentally Appropriate Practice, a co-mingling of standards and guidelines constructs was found, suggesting that state ELG committees attempted to balance the opposing segments, resulting in re-contextualization of the content selected for inclusion in the ELGs.

Quelle est la force juridique des RBP en matière sanitaire, en plein contentieux comme en recours pour excès de pouvoir? Quelles sont les différences d'approche entre la France et les Etats-Unis? / What's the legal strength of CPGs in healthcare, in France and in the United States?The Institute of Medicine has defined as soon as 1992 Clinical Practice Guidelines as "systematically developed statements to assist practitioner and patient decisions about appropriate health care for specific clinical circumstances." As they derive from various public and private bodies, and from the consensus of experts, CPGs are considered as consensus statements representing the prevailing standard of care in the medical profession. Clinicians and judges use clinical practice guidelines in their everyday life to appreciate individual situations and reach the best solutions for patients and plaintiffs: CPGs help improve their decision-making. But the legal strength of these tools is not totally consensual. In France, CPGs are seen as evidence of the standard of care expected from physicians. In theUnited States, where CPGs appeared some years earlier, they have been subject to questions, denounced as symptoms of a “cookbook medicine” and object of experiments by various States and insurance companies – not to mention lobbies. Their legal weight seems all the same better established in the U.S. than in France, although rulings in 2011 and 2016 by the french Conseil d’Etat have given them a more central role and a more recognized legal position in France.

Thesis (MPH)--University of Limpopo, 2010. / Background The National Health Research Ethics Council (NHREC) of South Africa (SA) is mandated to oversee health research ethics activities within the country. The oversight role is achieved through registration and auditing of Health Research Ethics committees (RECs). This study indicates that 22 RECs are registered with the NHREC. Purpose This study examines compliance levels of registered RECs with the SA DOH national health research ethics guidelines regarding composition and operational procedures as well as highlight commonalities and differences. Methods Secondary data of 22 RECs registered with NHREC were used to examine the level of compliance related to composition and operational procedures disaggregated by REC. Data were processed using Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS). Categories of systematic compliance, non-systematic compliance and non-compliance were used to determine RECs compliance levels with the standards specified in the DOH national ethics guidelines in research. Results Registered RECs in South Africa have an average membership of 16 ranging from 6 to 35. The RECs membership on gender has a 6% marginal difference and is dominated (68%) by scientists or clinicians. Majority (82%) of RECs have lay persons and 77% legal representatives. Eighty six percent of RECs xvi complied with operational procedures as stipulated by DOH national health research ethics guidelines. Conclusions Most RECs in SA registered with NHREC have a functional structure and are well organized. However, RECs demonstrated a non-systematic compliance with composition and procedures of DOH national guidelines. Most RECs based at public hospitals, government department and private organizations experienced high variations. Disparities related to gender, professional identity, legal and lay representations are noticeable and could be easily addressed.

This report focuses on the use of Watson's theory of human caring for Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) patients in acute medical-surgical wards. It discusses the dilemmas facing DNR patients and their nurses and explores the solutions to these dilemmas offered by Watson's theory. Traditional nursing practice places the nurse in a difficult situation by focusing on physical health. The report discusses the philosophical assumptions underlying Watson's theory. These assumptions led Watson to focus on nursing holistically, and to emphasise an integrated approach to nursing, which promotes the comfort of the patient physically, spiritually and emotionally. Her focus is on the broader aspects of caring such as involving the care domain of nursing, instead of the narrower view of nursing which focuses on care for the 'cure' only. This appproach is particularly relevant to DNR situations because these situations involve patients for whom there is no physical cure. Watson's holistic approach to caring offers the nurses of DNR patients guidelines for their practice and meaning for their nursing actions. Because current DNR decisions are often made by medical officers but implemented by nurses, it is the nurse who may be legally liable for the patient's death. This can cause anxiety for the nurses involved. Another cause of anxiety can be the traditional focus in nursing on physical cure. In the care of DNR patients, no such cure is possible. This can leave the nurse feeling distressed and incompetent. DNR the patients, may lack of autonomy and suffer feelings of insecurity. It is in these areas that Watson's ten carative factors can offer support, for both patients and nurses. / Master of Nursing

<p>Syftet var att genom journalgranskning kartlägga i vilken omfattning identifiering och dokumentation görs av förekomsten av avoidable factors hos skallskadade patienter, av sjuksköterskor på en neurointensivvårdsavdelning (NIVA), samt undersöka överensstämmelsen mellan dokumentation och monitorvärden rörande intrakraniellt tryck (ICP), cerebralt perfusionstryck (CPP), systoliskt blodtryck (SBT) och temperatur som registrerats via övervakningsutrustningen. Dokumentationen gjordes med ledning av en befintlig guideline. Urvalet var konsekutivt och studien innefattade 25 patienter. Antalet bedömningar i studien var totalt 2176 stycken. Vid 85 % av bedömningstillfällena dokumenterade sjuksköterskan i bedömningsformuläret. För ICP, CPP och SBT bedömdes det vid 70-80 % av tillfällena som att inga problem hade funnits och vid 55 % av tillfällena bedömdes det att det inte varit några problem med temperaturen. Det fanns signifikanta skillnader mellan då avvikelser och inga avvikelser var dokumenterade för insulttiden för ICP, samt insulttiden och monitormedelvärde för CPP och temperatur. Med hjälp av guidelines och formulär för att dokumentera avoidable factors kan patienter med sekundära insulter identifieras i stor utsträckning. Insulttiden då värdena avviker från det normala väger in starkare i bedömningen än hur avvikande värdet varit.</p><p>Att vårda skallskadade patienter innebär att<strong> </strong>ständigt väga behovet av omvårdnadsåtgärder mot risken för att det kan leda till sekundära insulter.</p><p> </p>

Thesis (M.A. (MW Forensic))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

<p>The aim of this study was to develop guidelines for an HIV/AIDS support programme for teachers. In order to achieve this goal, Intervention Research: Design and Development model by Rothman and Thomas (1994) was adopted to guide the research process. Intervention research is a form of applied qualitative research utilized by researchers to design and develop interventions to ameliorate social problems. Intervention research: design and development model has six phases and unique operational steps to follow in each phase. The researcher adopted the first three phases to facilitate the design of the guidelines to assist with development of a programme to support teachers. Problem analysis and project planning is the first phase. In this phase, the aim was to understand the experiences of HIV/AIDS among teachers and in schools. Information was gathered from HIV/AIDS co-ordinators, principals, teachers living with HIV.</p>

No description available.

Syftet var att genom journalgranskning kartlägga i vilken omfattning identifiering och dokumentation görs av förekomsten av avoidable factors hos skallskadade patienter, av sjuksköterskor på en neurointensivvårdsavdelning (NIVA), samt undersöka överensstämmelsen mellan dokumentation och monitorvärden rörande intrakraniellt tryck (ICP), cerebralt perfusionstryck (CPP), systoliskt blodtryck (SBT) och temperatur som registrerats via övervakningsutrustningen. Dokumentationen gjordes med ledning av en befintlig guideline. Urvalet var konsekutivt och studien innefattade 25 patienter. Antalet bedömningar i studien var totalt 2176 stycken. Vid 85 % av bedömningstillfällena dokumenterade sjuksköterskan i bedömningsformuläret. För ICP, CPP och SBT bedömdes det vid 70-80 % av tillfällena som att inga problem hade funnits och vid 55 % av tillfällena bedömdes det att det inte varit några problem med temperaturen. Det fanns signifikanta skillnader mellan då avvikelser och inga avvikelser var dokumenterade för insulttiden för ICP, samt insulttiden och monitormedelvärde för CPP och temperatur. Med hjälp av guidelines och formulär för att dokumentera avoidable factors kan patienter med sekundära insulter identifieras i stor utsträckning. Insulttiden då värdena avviker från det normala väger in starkare i bedömningen än hur avvikande värdet varit. Att vårda skallskadade patienter innebär att ständigt väga behovet av omvårdnadsåtgärder mot risken för att det kan leda till sekundära insulter.

This study aims to establish the knowledge and learning needs of parents with toddlers in order to formulate guidelines for a pro-active parental support programme. The topic represents a response to the need for information and skills expressed by numerous parents in the researcher's private practice. Contemporary parents continue to be confronted by the significance of the responsibility of parenthood. They also continue to experience learning deficiencies regarding their role as parents in spite of living in an age of information and technology. Intervention research was undertaken. The principal findings of this investigation were the following: parents participating in this investigation expressed the need for guidance that take into account two specific factors, namely that the program should be based on a Christian perspective and that the guidance should take the specific developmental phase of the child into consideration - the toddler phase in this case. Themes were also identified that these parents would like to see included in such a programme. These were: discipline, developmental phase, moral values and character development, emotional needs of toddlers, parental involvement in children's play, the uniqueness of every child, conflict management and communication, parental style, children and marriage, and aspects in the adult's world with a negative impact upon parental status. These themes were used as guidelines to compile a prototype parental support programme. This program was subjected to a pilot study involving three separate groups of parents. Guidelines were continuously evaluated and adapted where necessary. A final global evaluation confirmed the suitability of the program for further development and testing. / Thesis (M.A. (MW))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.