Thesis. 1975. B.S. cn--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING. / Includes bibliographical references. / B.S.cn

Thesis. 1975. Ph.D.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. / Vita. / Includes bibliographical references. / Ph.D.

La réalisation d’un système holographique 3D embarqué dans un véhicule nécessite le développement d’une structure d’éclairage surfacique à géométrie planaire pour générer un faisceau cohérent, directionnel et uniforme. Ce type de système a été jusque là réalisé à base de composants optiques classiques comme des lentilles et des miroirs. L’objectif de cette thèse est de proposer une solution plus compacte grâce à l’utilisation des (nano-) technologies d’intégration pour réaliser une émission cohérente, directionnelle et uniforme sur une grande surface à 633 nm en remplaçant les composants optiques volumineux par un circuit intégré photonique.Nous présentons d’abord de manière générale les applications des composants optiques et photoniques dans le domaine automobile, puis la structure planaire intégrée que nous visons pour l’éclairage du système holographique. Nous montrons ensuite l’intérêt du développement de circuits photoniques à base de guides de nitrure de silicium pour le fonctionnement dans le domaine du visible, comme requis pour la présente application. Les travaux réalisés sur les guides d’onde en Si₃N₄ pour la propagation de la lumière à 633 nm sont alors détaillés. Dans un premier temps, nous introduisons les méthodes théoriques pour analyser les modes guidés et montrons les résultats de calcul des indices des modes 1D et 2D pour dimensionner un guide rectangulaire monomode. Enfin, nous détaillons l’étude théorique et de simulation pour définir certains composants intégrés du circuit visé, comme le diviseur 1 × N de faisceau et les guides d’onde courbes. Nous présentons alors les travaux de fabrication des guides d’ondes Si₃N₄ encapsulés dans la silice, précédemment conçus, et qui présentent une dimension autour de 250 nm × 300 nm. Nous montrons les principales étapes de fabrication en salle blanche, comprenant le dépôt des diélectriques à l’aide de la PECVD, la lithographie assistée par faisceau d’électron (EBL) et la gravure ionique réactive (RIE). Les résultats de fabrication sont évalués et analysés afin d’optimiser le procédé de fabrication. Finalement, nous présentons le banc de caractérisation des guides d’onde et les résultats des pertes optiques mesurées. Le dernier chapitre est dédié à l’étude du couplage d’un mode photonique guidé à un mode plasmonique dans un système de guides d’onde, qui consiste en une chaine de nanoparticules métalliques en Au ou en Ag déposée sur le guide d’onde rectangulaire Si₃N₄. L’état de l’art et l’étude théorique sont d’abord présentés, puis nous montrons les résultats de simulation numérique de l’efficacité de couplage en fonction des tailles des nanoparticules et de la longueur d’onde dans ce système de guides d’onde couplés. / An auto-embedded 3D holographic system requires the development of a surface lighting integrateddevice to generate a coherent, directional and uniform lighting beam. Up to now, the realization of this type ofsystem is based on the conventional optical components such as lenses and mirrors. The objective of this thesis isto propose an ultra-compact solution by using the nanotechnologies, in order to realize coherent, directional and uniform light emitting at 633 nm on a large surface in replacing the bulky optical components by a photonic integrated circuit (PIC). In the beginning of the thesis, we present the automotive applications of optics and photonics, and then introduce to the integrated planar structure, which is expected to illuminate the holographic system. We present then our interest of developing silicon nitride waveguides-based PICs, which can be operated in the visible range, as required for the mentioned application. The realized research work on the Si₃N₄ waveguides for the light propagation at 633 nm are then detailed. At first, we introduce the theoretical methods for the analysis of the guided modes and present the calculated indexes of the 1D and 2D modes, which are used to design the single-mode rectangular waveguide. At last, we present exhaustively our theoretical study and simulation work to define some targeted PICs, as the 1 × N beam splitter and the bent waveguides. Then weintroduce the fabrication of the predetermined SiO₂ cladded Si₃N₄ waveguide samples, which have a cross-section size about 250 nm × 300 nm. We present main processes of the fabrication in cleanroom, including the deposition of the dielectric layers by using PECVD, the electron beam lithography (EBL) and the reactive ionicetching (RIE). The fabrication of waveguides has been evaluated and analyzed, in order to optimize the fabrication process. Finally, we present the waveguide’s characterization set-up and the measurement results ofthe optical losses. The last chapter of the thesis is dedicated to the study of the coupling effect from a guidedphotonic mode to a plasmonic mode supported by a guiding structure, which consists of a metallic nanoparticle(Au or Ag) chain deposited on top of the Si₃N₄ rectangular waveguide. The state of the art and the theoretical study are firstly introduced. Then we present the numerical simulation results of the coupling efficiency as a function of nanoparticle’s sizes and operation wavelength in this photonic-plasmonic coupled waveguide system.

Chen Fei. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 86-92). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Acknowledgements --- p.i / List of publications --- p.ii / Abstract (In English) --- p.iii / Abstract (In Chinese) --- p.v / Table of contents --- p.vii / List of figures --- p.x / List of tables --- p.xiv / Chapter Chapter I --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter II --- Sol-gel channel waveguides --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1 --- General sol-gel process --- p.6 / Chapter 2.2 --- Dye-doped sol-gel zirconia and zirconia-ORMOSIL materials --- p.10 / Chapter 2.3 --- Fabrication of sol-gel channel waveguides --- p.15 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- General process of the photolithographic technique --- p.15 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Channels in glass substrates by using photolithographic wet etching technique --- p.19 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Channels in fused silica substrates by using photolithographic dry etching technique (Inductive-coupled plasma etching) --- p.24 / Chapter Chapter III --- Coupled-wave theory and experimental setup of distributed feedback channel waveguide lasers --- p.27 / Chapter 3.1 --- Coupled-wave theory of distributed feedback lasers --- p.27 / Chapter 3.2 --- Experimental setup --- p.33 / Chapter Chapter IV --- One-dimensional and two-dimensional optical waveguide analysis --- p.37 / Chapter 4.1 --- 1-D planar waveguide analysis --- p.37 / Chapter 4.2 --- 2-D channel waveguide analysis using the Marcatili method --- p.39 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- The Eypq modes: Polarization in the y direction --- p.42 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- The Eypq modes: Polarization in the x direction --- p.46 / Chapter 4.3 --- 2-D channel waveguide analysis using the effective index method --- p.48 / Chapter Chapter V --- Distributed feedback channel waveguide lasers tunable in the visible --- p.50 / Chapter 5.1 --- Rhodamine 6G-doped zirconia planar and channel waveguides --- p.51 / Chapter 5.2 --- Results and discussion --- p.56 / Chapter 5.3 --- Summary --- p.66 / Chapter Chapter VI --- Near infrared distributed feedback channel waveguide lasers --- p.68 / Chapter 6.1 --- LDS dye-doped zirconia-ORMOSIL planar and channel waveguides --- p.68 / Chapter 6.2 --- Results and discussion --- p.72 / Chapter 6.3 --- Summary --- p.80 / Chapter Chapter VII --- Summary --- p.81 / References --- p.86

Chan Jacklynn = 摻近紅外染料溶凝膠薄膜之光學及激光性質研究 / 陳在琳. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 137-152). / Text in English; abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chan Jacklynn = Shan jin hong wai ran liao rong ning jiao bo mo zhi guang xue ji ji guang xing zhi yan jiu / Chen Zailin. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgements --- p.v / Publications --- p.vii / Table of Contents --- p.viii / List of Figures --- p.xi / List of Tables --- p.xiv / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Sol-gel Glass Waveguides --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2 --- Ellipsometry --- p.7 / Chapter 1.3 --- Aim of this Research Work and Organization of Thesis --- p.12 / Chapter 2 --- Basics on Ellipsometry --- p.16 / Chapter 2.1 --- Principle of Ellipsometry --- p.17 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Definition of Ellipsometric Parameters --- p.17 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Configurations of an Ellipsometer --- p.22 / Chapter 2.2 --- Mathematical Representation of Ellipsometry --- p.26 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Bulk Material Structure --- p.26 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Single Layer Structure --- p.28 / Chapter 2.3 --- Parameterization of Optical Functions --- p.31 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Optical Functions --- p.34 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Regression Analysis --- p.38 / Chapter 3 --- Modification of Rotating-Polarizer-Analyzer Ellipsometer --- p.40 / Chapter 3.1 --- Principle of RPA System --- p.41 / Chapter 3.2 --- Optical Setup of RPA System --- p.45 / Chapter 3.3 --- Components of the System and Modification for Infrared Measurement --- p.47 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Light Source --- p.47 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Monochromator --- p.52 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Polarizers and Analyzer --- p.53 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Detector and Data Reduction --- p.54 / Chapter 3.4 --- Optical Alignment --- p.59 / Chapter 3.5 --- Alignment of the Azimuthal Angles of the Polarizers --- p.61 / Chapter 3.6 --- Calibration Procedure --- p.63 / Chapter 3.6.1 --- Calibration by Gold Film on Silicon --- p.63 / Chapter 3.6.2 --- Calibration by Silicon Dioxide Film on Silicon --- p.67 / Chapter 4 --- Near Infrared Dyes in Sol-gel Waveguides --- p.72 / Chapter 4.1 --- Sol-gel Process --- p.73 / Chapter 4.2 --- Near Infrared Dyes in Sol-gel Waveguides --- p.77 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Development of Near Infrared Dyes --- p.77 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Studies on Near Infrared Dye Solid State Laser --- p.79 / Chapter 5 --- Optical Properties of Dye-doped Sol-gel Waveguides --- p.83 / Chapter 5.1 --- Experimental Procedure --- p.84 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Preparation of Samples --- p.84 / Chapter 5.1.1.1 --- Materials --- p.84 / Chapter 5.1.1.2 --- Procedure --- p.86 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Discussion on Synthesis of Infrared Dye-doped Sol-gel Waveguides --- p.88 / Chapter 5.1.2.1 --- Choice of Solvents --- p.89 / Chapter 5.1.2.2 --- Thermal Treatment and Lifetime --- p.93 / Chapter 5.1.2.3 --- Necessity of Addition of GLYMO --- p.94 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- Sample Characterization --- p.96 / Chapter 5.2 --- Surface Morphology --- p.97 / Chapter 5.3 --- Optical Properties of Dye-doped Zirconia Organically Modified Silicate Waveguides --- p.100 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Modeling of Ellipsometric Values --- p.101 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Interpretation of the Modeling Results --- p.107 / Chapter 6 --- Amplified Spontaneous Emission Based on Sol-gel Waveguides --- p.109 / Chapter 6.1 --- Experimental Setup --- p.110 / Chapter 6.2 --- Features of ASE and Fluorescence --- p.112 / Chapter 6.3 --- Prolonged Thermal Treatment Effect on Light Emission --- p.119 / Chapter 6.3.1 --- Difference in Preparation of Samples --- p.121 / Chapter 6.3.2 --- Light Emission of Samples under Extended Thermal Treatment --- p.123 / Chapter 6.3.3 --- Directionality of the Emission --- p.125 / Chapter 6.3.4 --- Some Features of the Emission --- p.127 / Chapter 7 --- Conclusion and Recommendation --- p.133 / Chapter 7.1 --- Conclusion --- p.133 / Chapter 7.2 --- Recommendation --- p.135 / Bibliography --- p.137

Liang Tak-keung. / "June 2004." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references. / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

by Anhui Liang. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (p. D1-D4). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web.

The emergence of the mule's role as a beast of burden working in mountain tourism is founded on our appreciation of this species' great attributes as a means of transport in the mountain environment. Our appreciation of mules does not always extend to their care and welfare. This is particularly true of the mountain tourism industry in Morocco, where this study is situated. Why has there been a collective absencing of the mule from the consciences of those involved in this industry? In seeking to answer this question and in moving towards the question of how the mountain tourism industry can be more present to the mule and to mule welfare, this thesis explores the multiple ways in which we know the mule. Drawing on a ten-year engagement with the industry, extensive ethnographic fieldwork in the High Atlas and an Action Research initiative supporting tour operators as they develop and implement welfare policy and practice, this thesis explores how mule welfare can be viewed as emerging from a multiplicity of practices that, in failing to cohere, become subject to negotiation and ontological politics. An alternative community approach based on dialogue is evoked that might allow a consensus to emerge over how welfare should be practised. The thesis focuses on the quality of the relationship between mules and humans. It emphasises the importance of genuine meeting and dialogue and the need for spaces and places in which mules and humans can come together to identify how they can establish relationships based on mutual trust and understanding rather than on control and domination. In prototyping better relationships between mules, muleteers and their employers, this thesis offers the mountain tourism industry transformative pathways toward a more equitable and sustainable co-creative project.

Wang Jun. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 74-79). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Acknowledgements --- p.i / List of publications --- p.ii / Abstract (In English) --- p.iii / Abstract (In Chinese) --- p.v / Table of contents --- p.vii / List of figures --- p.x / List of tables --- p.xiv / Chapter Chapter I --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter II --- Dye-doped sol-gel zirconia and zirconia-organically modified silicate waveguides --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1 --- General sol-gel process --- p.6 / Chapter 2.2 --- Dye-doped sol-gel zirconia and zirconia-ORMOSIL waveguides --- p.7 / Chapter Chapter III --- Basic theory and experiment setup of distributed feedback waveguide lasers --- p.13 / Chapter 3.1 --- Coupled-wave theory of distributed feedback lasers --- p.13 / Chapter 3.2 --- Introduction on the theory of planar optical waveguide --- p.16 / Chapter 3.3 --- Experiment setup design of DFB waveguide lasers --- p.19 / Chapter Chapter IV --- Zirconia and zirconia-organically modified silicate distributed feedback waveguide lasers tunable in the visible --- p.23 / Chapter Chapter V --- Tunable multi-wavelength distributed feedback zirconia waveguide lasers --- p.35 / Chapter 5.1 --- Brief introduction on multi-wavelength lasers --- p.35 / Chapter 5.2 --- R6G-doped zirconia multi-mode waveguides --- p.36 / Chapter 5.3 --- Experimental results and discussion --- p.39 / Chapter 5.3.1. --- Dual- and quadruple-wavelength DFB waveguide lasers --- p.39 / Chapter 5.3.2. --- The dispersion characteristics of multi-wavelength DFB waveguide lasers --- p.44 / Chapter 5.3.3. --- Determination of waveguide parameters by the DFB technique --- p.48 / Chapter 5.4 --- Summary --- p.51 / Chapter Chapter VI --- Distributed feedback laser action in sol-gel glass symmetric waveguides --- p.53 / Chapter 6.1 --- The fabrication of dye-doped glass symmetric waveguides --- p.54 / Chapter 6.2 --- Experimental results and discussion --- p.56 / Chapter 6.2.1. --- DFB laser action in sol-gel glass symmetric-asymmetric waveguide --- p.56 / Chapter 6.2.2. --- Dispersion characteristics of DFB symmetric and asymmetric waveguide lasers --- p.61 / Chapter 6.3 --- Summary --- p.65 / Chapter Chapter VII --- Summary --- p.69 / References --- p.74

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de placas oclusais com guias anteriores de desoclusão e placas oclusais com contatos bilaterais e anteriores simultâneos durante os movimentos excursivos da mandíbula em pacientes com disfunção temporomandibular (DTM) e zumbido subjetivo. Foram avaliados 264 pacientes encaminhados para tratamento da DTM na FORP/USP e selecionados 32 mulheres com DTM muscular, associada ou não a DTM articular, e zumbido subjetivo que preencheram os critérios de inclusão. O diagnóstico da DTM foi realizado com o Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomadibular Disorders (RDC/TMD). As pacientes foram divididas randomicamente em dois grupos para utilizarem um dos dois tipos de placas. As avaliações incluíram dor à palpação, limiar de dor a pressão com algômetro, medidas da amplitude dos movimentos mandibulares, eletromiografia de superfície, relato da intensidade da dor e da loudness do zumbido em escala visual analógica (EVA) e das características do zumbido. Os pacientes também responderam a um questionário para quantificação da frequência e severidade dos sinais e sintomas de DTM (ProDTMMulti) e para a avaliação do impacto do zumbido no dia-a-dia (Tinnitus Handicap Inventory - THI). A avaliação eletromiográfica foi realizada em várias atividades com e sem placa oclusal (apertamento máximo voluntário, movimentos excursivos mandibulares, repouso e mastigação habitual) e comparada com um grupo de 13 mulheres assintomáticas. As avaliações foram realizadas inicialmente (A1), no dia de instalação das placas oclusais, após 60 dias da avaliação inicial (A2) e após 90 dias de uso da placa oclusal (A3). O período entre as avaliações A1 e A2 foi considerado um período controle. Os resultados mostraram uma significante melhora da dor relatada pelo pacientes e aumento da amplitude da abertura bucal sem dor nos dois grupos, sem diferença entre eles. A atividade eletromiográfica foi significativamente reduzida durante apertamento máximo voluntário com a placa oclusal em comparação com o apertamento em máxima intercuspidação habitual, para as demais atividades realizadas durante o exame não houve diferença significante. A avaliação do zumbido mostrou que em muitos pacientes houve remissão do sintoma após o tratamento com placa oclusal. Não houve diferença entre os grupos para todas as avaliações realizadas. Baseados nesses achados, pode-se concluir que o tratamento com ambas as placas promoveu melhora na sintomatologia dos pacientes, sem diferenças entre elas, e houve em muitos pacientes uma remissão do zumbido relatado durante o tratamento. / The aim of this study was to assess the effect of anterior guidance and bilateral balanced splints in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and subjective tinnitus. A total of 264 subjects referred for treatment of TMD in FORP/USP were evaluated and 32 women with muscular TMD with or without the diagnosis of articular TMD, who met the inclusion criteria, were selected. TMD diagnosis was performed according to Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomadibular Disorders (RDC/TMD). The patients were randomly divided into two groups: anterior guidance splint group and bilateral balanced splints group. The assessments included pain to palpation, pressure pain threshold with algometer, measurement of amplitude of mandibular movements, surface electromyography, pain intensity and loudness of tinnitus reports in visual analogue scale (VAS) and characteristics of tinnitus. The patients also answered a questionnaire to quantify the frequency and severity of signs and symptoms of TMD (ProDTMMulti) and to assess the impact of tinnitus on a day-to-day (Tinnitus Handicap Inventory - THI). The electromyography evaluation was performed in different activities with and without occlusal splint (maximum voluntary clenching, excursive jaw movements, resting and habitual chewing) and compared to a group of 13 asymptomatic women. The assessments were performed initially (A1), at the day of installation of the occlusal splints, after 60 days of the initial assessment (A2) and after 90 days of occlusal splint therapy (A3). The period between A1 and A2 assessments was considered a control period. The results showed a significant improvement in pain reported by patients and an increase in the amplitude of mouth opening without pain in both groups, without difference between them. The electromyographic activity was significantly reduced during maximum voluntary clenching with occlusal splint compared to clenching in maximal habitual intercuspation, to the other activities performed during the examination there was no significant difference. The tinnitus evaluation showed that in many patients there was remission of symptom after treatment with occlusal splint. There was no difference among groups for all assessments. Based on these findings it is possible to conclude that treatment with both splints promoted improvement in symptoms of patients, without differences among them, and many patients had a remission of reported tinnitus during the treatment.