Wang Jun. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 74-79). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Acknowledgements --- p.i / List of publications --- p.ii / Abstract (In English) --- p.iii / Abstract (In Chinese) --- p.v / Table of contents --- p.vii / List of figures --- p.x / List of tables --- p.xiv / Chapter Chapter I --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter II --- Dye-doped sol-gel zirconia and zirconia-organically modified silicate waveguides --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1 --- General sol-gel process --- p.6 / Chapter 2.2 --- Dye-doped sol-gel zirconia and zirconia-ORMOSIL waveguides --- p.7 / Chapter Chapter III --- Basic theory and experiment setup of distributed feedback waveguide lasers --- p.13 / Chapter 3.1 --- Coupled-wave theory of distributed feedback lasers --- p.13 / Chapter 3.2 --- Introduction on the theory of planar optical waveguide --- p.16 / Chapter 3.3 --- Experiment setup design of DFB waveguide lasers --- p.19 / Chapter Chapter IV --- Zirconia and zirconia-organically modified silicate distributed feedback waveguide lasers tunable in the visible --- p.23 / Chapter Chapter V --- Tunable multi-wavelength distributed feedback zirconia waveguide lasers --- p.35 / Chapter 5.1 --- Brief introduction on multi-wavelength lasers --- p.35 / Chapter 5.2 --- R6G-doped zirconia multi-mode waveguides --- p.36 / Chapter 5.3 --- Experimental results and discussion --- p.39 / Chapter 5.3.1. --- Dual- and quadruple-wavelength DFB waveguide lasers --- p.39 / Chapter 5.3.2. --- The dispersion characteristics of multi-wavelength DFB waveguide lasers --- p.44 / Chapter 5.3.3. --- Determination of waveguide parameters by the DFB technique --- p.48 / Chapter 5.4 --- Summary --- p.51 / Chapter Chapter VI --- Distributed feedback laser action in sol-gel glass symmetric waveguides --- p.53 / Chapter 6.1 --- The fabrication of dye-doped glass symmetric waveguides --- p.54 / Chapter 6.2 --- Experimental results and discussion --- p.56 / Chapter 6.2.1. --- DFB laser action in sol-gel glass symmetric-asymmetric waveguide --- p.56 / Chapter 6.2.2. --- Dispersion characteristics of DFB symmetric and asymmetric waveguide lasers --- p.61 / Chapter 6.3 --- Summary --- p.65 / Chapter Chapter VII --- Summary --- p.69 / References --- p.74

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de placas oclusais com guias anteriores de desoclusão e placas oclusais com contatos bilaterais e anteriores simultâneos durante os movimentos excursivos da mandíbula em pacientes com disfunção temporomandibular (DTM) e zumbido subjetivo. Foram avaliados 264 pacientes encaminhados para tratamento da DTM na FORP/USP e selecionados 32 mulheres com DTM muscular, associada ou não a DTM articular, e zumbido subjetivo que preencheram os critérios de inclusão. O diagnóstico da DTM foi realizado com o Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomadibular Disorders (RDC/TMD). As pacientes foram divididas randomicamente em dois grupos para utilizarem um dos dois tipos de placas. As avaliações incluíram dor à palpação, limiar de dor a pressão com algômetro, medidas da amplitude dos movimentos mandibulares, eletromiografia de superfície, relato da intensidade da dor e da loudness do zumbido em escala visual analógica (EVA) e das características do zumbido. Os pacientes também responderam a um questionário para quantificação da frequência e severidade dos sinais e sintomas de DTM (ProDTMMulti) e para a avaliação do impacto do zumbido no dia-a-dia (Tinnitus Handicap Inventory - THI). A avaliação eletromiográfica foi realizada em várias atividades com e sem placa oclusal (apertamento máximo voluntário, movimentos excursivos mandibulares, repouso e mastigação habitual) e comparada com um grupo de 13 mulheres assintomáticas. As avaliações foram realizadas inicialmente (A1), no dia de instalação das placas oclusais, após 60 dias da avaliação inicial (A2) e após 90 dias de uso da placa oclusal (A3). O período entre as avaliações A1 e A2 foi considerado um período controle. Os resultados mostraram uma significante melhora da dor relatada pelo pacientes e aumento da amplitude da abertura bucal sem dor nos dois grupos, sem diferença entre eles. A atividade eletromiográfica foi significativamente reduzida durante apertamento máximo voluntário com a placa oclusal em comparação com o apertamento em máxima intercuspidação habitual, para as demais atividades realizadas durante o exame não houve diferença significante. A avaliação do zumbido mostrou que em muitos pacientes houve remissão do sintoma após o tratamento com placa oclusal. Não houve diferença entre os grupos para todas as avaliações realizadas. Baseados nesses achados, pode-se concluir que o tratamento com ambas as placas promoveu melhora na sintomatologia dos pacientes, sem diferenças entre elas, e houve em muitos pacientes uma remissão do zumbido relatado durante o tratamento. / The aim of this study was to assess the effect of anterior guidance and bilateral balanced splints in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and subjective tinnitus. A total of 264 subjects referred for treatment of TMD in FORP/USP were evaluated and 32 women with muscular TMD with or without the diagnosis of articular TMD, who met the inclusion criteria, were selected. TMD diagnosis was performed according to Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomadibular Disorders (RDC/TMD). The patients were randomly divided into two groups: anterior guidance splint group and bilateral balanced splints group. The assessments included pain to palpation, pressure pain threshold with algometer, measurement of amplitude of mandibular movements, surface electromyography, pain intensity and loudness of tinnitus reports in visual analogue scale (VAS) and characteristics of tinnitus. The patients also answered a questionnaire to quantify the frequency and severity of signs and symptoms of TMD (ProDTMMulti) and to assess the impact of tinnitus on a day-to-day (Tinnitus Handicap Inventory - THI). The electromyography evaluation was performed in different activities with and without occlusal splint (maximum voluntary clenching, excursive jaw movements, resting and habitual chewing) and compared to a group of 13 asymptomatic women. The assessments were performed initially (A1), at the day of installation of the occlusal splints, after 60 days of the initial assessment (A2) and after 90 days of occlusal splint therapy (A3). The period between A1 and A2 assessments was considered a control period. The results showed a significant improvement in pain reported by patients and an increase in the amplitude of mouth opening without pain in both groups, without difference between them. The electromyographic activity was significantly reduced during maximum voluntary clenching with occlusal splint compared to clenching in maximal habitual intercuspation, to the other activities performed during the examination there was no significant difference. The tinnitus evaluation showed that in many patients there was remission of symptom after treatment with occlusal splint. There was no difference among groups for all assessments. Based on these findings it is possible to conclude that treatment with both splints promoted improvement in symptoms of patients, without differences among them, and many patients had a remission of reported tinnitus during the treatment.

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Background. This study (part of a larger grant-funded omnibus study) examines the roles of mothers in Southern Central Appalachia regarding family health communication. Methods. This presentation is based on a secondary analysis (Thorne, 1994) of existing qualitative data sets from two (2) previous studies of women living in Southern Central Appalachia. In the first study, Kelly Dorgan (primary investigator), Sadie Hutson (co-principle investigator), and Kathryn Duvall (researcher) collected the stories of 29 women cancer survivors from Northeast Tennessee and Southwest Virginia via a mixed methods approach. In the second study, Sadie Hutson (primary investigator) and Kelly Dorgan (co-investigator) investigated communication and cultural issues that may influence HPV and HPV vaccine perceptions and uptake behaviors in the region. We recruited 38 women between 18-50 years to participate in a single individual interview or focus group session. Results. The secondary analysis has yielded preliminary results about the role of “mother” in health communication within family systems. These results challenge us to reconceptualize traditional characterizations of the “Appalachian Mother.” The role of mother as related to family health communication is a complex one. Specifically, there are “many mother” roles, including informational, instrumental, and emotional. Ultimately, women who identify as mothers appear to serve as decision guides, informational agents and health communication specialists within families. Significance. This paper further explores the illness and wellness in Southern Central Appalachia, as well as the question of “Appalachian distinctiveness.”

L’inscription par laser femtoseconde directe dans les cristaux laser offre une nouvelle opportunité de conception et développement de sources laser intégrées. Elle conduit à un prototypage rapide et à un bon rapport coût-efficacité, conformément aux futures feuilles de route de la photonique. Cependant, les défis liés au dépôt d’énergie d’un laser intense dans des milieux transparents et les modifications qui s’ensuivent restent encore des questions ouvertes. Ces défis ont été relevés en partie grâce à une étude minutieuse et systématique des zones modifiées par laser femtoseconde dans les matériaux transparents. Le fluorure de calcium (CaF2), en raison de sa symétrie cubique et de ses excellentes propriétés de luminescence en tant que cristal laser, a été choisi comme matériaux de référence dans cette thèse. L’inscription laser en régime femtoseconde de guides d’ondes à l’intérieur de ce cristal a été réalisée pour une conception future de source laser intégrée. Pour la première fois, des écritures laser « lisses » et non réciproques ont été observées à l’intérieur de certains échantillons « coupés spécialement » de cristaux de CaF2. De plus, un guidage de la lumière dépendant de la polarisation a été identifié et est présenté. Un modèle et une méthode ont été développés pour caractériser quantitativement et qualitativement ces guides d’ondes, en particulier pour les mesures de perte de transmission, ainsi que les cartographies tridimensionnelles de l’indice de réfraction des zones modifiées. / Femtosecond laser micromachining inside laser crystals offers a new platform to miniaturize highly compact laser sources. It leads to rapid prototyping and cost-effectiveness in line with the future photonics roadmaps. However, the challenges in relation to an intense laser pulse energy deposition within transparent media and the modifications that follow still remain open-ended questions. These challenges have been addressed with a careful and systematic study of femtosecond modified zones inside transparent materials. Due to its cubic symmetry and excellent luminescence properties as laser crystal, Calcium Fluoride (CaF2) was selected, and ultrafast laser inscription of waveguides inside this crystal was realized. Smooth and non-reciprocal writings were observed inside certain “specially cut” samples of the CaF2 crystals for the first time. Additionally, polarization dependent guiding is identified and presented. Furthermore, an authentic model and concept was engaged for the quantitative and qualitative characterization of the waveguides, particularly for the transmission loss measurements and the three-dimensional refractive index mappings of the modified zones.

With the rapid development of the tourism industry in China, the need to train more and more competent tour guides has become more urgent than ever. These tour guides require a sophisticated level of spoken English, but, at present, their English-speaking proficiency is far from satisfactory. It is this problem that has inspired the writing of this paper. The paper attempts to search for appropriate teaching techniques that would be useful for improving the speaking skills of Chinese tour guide students. The paper is divided into six chapters. Chapter 1 will outline the problem being discussed. Chapter 2 then aims to suggest solutions to the problem stated in Chapter i After discussion of relevant issues, it is decided that Mim-Mem, Dialogue and Role-playing might be appropriate techniques for teaching the speaking skills to Chinese tour guide students. Chapters 3, 4, and 5 deal with the Mim-Mem Technique, the Dialogue Technique and the Roleplaying Technique respectively. After an examination of the three suggested techniques, Chapter 6 discusses material preparation and provides practical suggestions for classroom applications. The paper should be regarded as an initial base for further discussion and research.

During the last seven years or so, China has adopted an open-door policy, which has brought about an increase in diplomatic intercourse, and cultural and technical exchanges between China and other countries. And, above all, the number of tourists coming to visit China has been growing rapidly year by year. Together with this increase comes the demand for tour guides, especially Englishspeaking tour guides. Since most Chinese tour guides who are presently working in the travel service have not been able to receive professional training, they encounter difficulties of various kinds in their work. Such a situation demonstrates an urgent need for designing a special curriculum for training Chinese tour guides. Problems with the current situation are analysed in detail in Chapter 2. The analysis reveals that there are problems with the existing arrangement for recruiting tour guides and also tour guides' weakness in oral communication with tourists which is a result of inadequate training. In order to have an objective picture of Chinese tour guides' oral English � both strengths and weaknesses � a questionnaire was designed, and interviews were conducted as part of the field study. The whole of Chapter 3 is devoted to the analyses of the questionnaire and interviews, which includes the designing and distribution of the questionnaire and the data analysis. Chapter 4 focuses on the discussion of the importance of aims and objectives in the curriculum. It offers guidelines for the other elements of the curriculum which are stated in relation to students' future needs. Students are expected to achieve the goals set for them in the course through studying the course materials. Therefore, teaching materials have to be selected in order to be able to serve the basic aims and objectives of the course. Considerations need to be given to both language and content. Details of how to choose course content are dealt with in Chapter 5. The final chapter gives suggestions for teaching and evaluation. This field study report is not intended to present a proper curriculum. Instead, it is hoped to suggest some aspects worthy of consideration when the training in oral English for tour guides is being planned.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2007. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 124-139).

En zone urbaine, les nuisances sonores sont devenues la principale forme de ''pollution'' reconnue par la population. Pour faire face à cet enjeu de société, de nombreuses recherches ont permis de décrire la propagation acoustique en milieu urbain. Toutefois, devant la très grande complexité géométrique et physique du milieu urbain, les modèles implémentés dans les logiciels usuels de prédiction, basés sur des approximations énergétiques et géométriques, limitent la description physique des champs acoustiques. Il apparaît donc que des travaux fondamentaux sur la propagation acoustique en milieu complexe doivent être poursuivis en amont des applications directement liées à l'acoustique urbaine. Dans ce contexte de recherche amont, l'idée essentielle de ces travaux est de considérer la rue comme un guide d'ondes ouvert. En effet, la forme typiquement allongée favorise le guidage des ondes dans l'axe de la rue. En revanche, l'ouverture de ce guide sur un domaine infini - le ciel - entraîne un rayonnement des ondes conduisant à des pertes d'énergie. L'étude de ces phénomènes compétitifs entre ondes guidées et ondes rayonnées est au coeur de ce travail. Pour résoudre l'équation d'ondes dans un tel guide ouvert tridimensionnel, la démarche scientifique retenue repose sur le principe de la décomposition modale. Dans cette approche, le champ d'ondes est une combinaison d'un ensemble de modes (appelé base modale) dont les contributions dépendent notamment des conditions aux extrémités du guide. L'extension de l'approche modale au cas des guides d'ondes ouverts nécessite d'introduire la notion de modes fuyants (leaky modes). Au travers d'une étude préliminaire portant sur des guides bidimensionnels fermés de section variable, les possibilités de l'approche modale sont appréhendées dans des cas simples en vue de l'étendre au cas plus complexe des guides tridimensionnels ouverts. Par la suite, un premier travail sur les modes fuyants est réalisé dans le cas académique d'un guide ouvert cylindrique de section rectangulaire. Ce travail permet d'étudier de manière détaillée le comportement et les propriétés des modes fuyants lorsqu'ils sont utilisés dans une approche modale. Il est notamment montré qu'un nombre restreint d'entre eux est nécessaire pour décrire précisemment le champ. Sur la base des conclusions de ces premières recherches, une méthode couplée Modal-Eléments Finis plus adaptée aux spécificités des ``guides d'ondes urbains'' est proposée. Ces travaux montrent comment, en utilisant des PML (Perfectly Matched Layers), un nouveau problème de propagation en guide fermé peut être substitué au problème original de propagation en guide ouvert. Dans cette approche, certaines caractéristiques de la complexité physique et géométrique du milieu urbain peuvent être prise en compte. Des illustrations basées sur l'implémentation numérique de la méthode mettent en évidence des phénomènes physiques liés par exemple aux irrégularités et à l'absorption des façades, ou à la prise en compte de phénomènes météorologiques, et ouvrent certaines perspectives de recherche académiques et appliquées à l'acoustique urbaine.