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Hearing the Missing Voices: An analysis of Female Guides in the Association of Canadian Mountain Guides’Parks, Brenda E. Unknown Date
No description available.
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Turismo e pobreza: percep??es dos guias de turismo, moradores e n?o moradores que trabalham na favela da Rocinha Rio de JaneiroCosta, Augusto Marcelo Alc?ntara 03 December 2013 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2013-12-03 / This project refers to a study somewhat controversial , as in focusing less recognized and
valued hand, although the dynamics of tourism pass to take another view , you can not
beforehand consider favorable or unfavorable . Analyzes the phenomenon related to
conception or perception of poverty from tourism residents and non residents of the Favela of
Rocinha in Rio de Janeiro tourist guides . It is a subject to an object of research somewhat
controversial , but about which there is already an academic and scientific concern and
deserves an investigator look. Fits as a qualitative study whose methodological procedure
based on interviews and participant observation , and the geographic divisions chosen the
Rocinha slum , for its expressiveness and for being a pioneer in this type of tourism , had to
conducting fieldwork lasting six months, which was accompanied by at least four hours
walking work of sixteen tour guides, eight residents and eight non- residents in the
community, working for different travel agencies and tourism. End of each tour, all tour
guides answered a semi-structured questionnaire, containing nineteen questions. Most
respondents tour guides authorized record interview, which has made it possible to analyze
the speech through spoken language. In tourism, foreign tourists are the main target, although
rarely also count with the participation of domestic tourists. Notes that the relationship
between poverty and slums, from the perceptions of tourist guides residents better reflects the
reality of favela residents compared with non residents guides, since they fully know all the
intricacies and better the difficulties they have endured and still go, when it comes to the issue
of stigmatization respect, by which has suffered by Brazilian society, in relation to live in
slums, and have your dwelling place as a tourist attraction. While presenting the social reality
of Rocinha consistently during his work, the non residents guides worry about being as
natural as possible with tourists as much as the locals show slum, in the same way they avoid
authorize tourists to take compromising photos and that will expose the intimacy of
community residents . Concludes that, while recognizing the importance of elevation to the
rank of tourist attraction and its promising prospects, requires attention and priority, given the
greater precariousness of the human condition in relation to the prime areas in which it
operates tourism should be a vector of development, not a masking of reality / O presente projeto refere-se a um estudo um tanto controverso, na medida, em que focaliza
um lado menos reconhecido e valorizado, embora a din?mica do turismo passe a ter outra
visualiza??o, que n?o se pode de antem?o considerar favor?vel ou desfavor?vel. Analisa-se o
fen?meno do turismo relacionado ? concep??o ou percep??o de pobreza partir dos guias de
turismo moradores e n?o moradores da favela da Rocinha, no Rio de Janeiro. ? um assunto
com objeto de pesquisa um tanto pol?mico, mas sobre o qual j? existe uma preocupa??o
acad?mica e cient?fica e que merece um olhar investigador. Enquadra-se como estudo
qualitativo, cujo procedimento metodol?gico baseado em entrevistas e observa??o
participante, sendo o recorte geogr?fico escolhido a Favelada Rocinha, pela sua
expressividade e por ser pioneira nessa modalidade de turismo, teve-se a realiza??o de
trabalho de campo com dura??o de seis meses, onde acompanhou-se por no m?nimo quatro
horas a p? o trabalho de dezesseis guias de turismo, sendo oito moradores e oito n?o
moradores pela comunidade, que trabalham para diferentes ag?ncias de viagens e turismo. Ao
final de cada tour, todos os guias de turismo responderam a um question?rio semiestruturado,
contendo dezenove perguntas. A maioria dos guias de turismo entrevistados autorizou gravar
entrevista, fato que possibilitou fazer uma an?lise do discurso atrav?s da linguagem falada.
Neste turismo, os turistas estrangeiros s?o o alvo principal, embora, tamb?m conte raramente,
com a participa??o de turistas nacionais. Constata que, a rela??o entre favela e pobreza, a
partir das percep??es de guias de turismo moradores reflete melhor a realidade da favela
comparado com guias n?o moradores, uma vez que eles conhecem inteiramente todos os
meandros e melhor as dificuldades por que passaram e ainda passam, no que diz repeito ?
quest?o da estigmatiza??o pela qual vem sofrendo pela sociedade brasileira, em rela??o a
viver na favela, al?m de terem o seu lugar de moradia como atra??o tur?stica. Ainda que
apresentem a realidade social da Rocinha de modo coerente durante seu trabalho, os guias n?o
moradores preocupam-se em ser o mais natural poss?vel com os turistas, tanto quanto os
moradores ao mostrar a favela, do mesmo modo em que evitam autorizarem os turistas a
tirarem fotos comprometedoras e que venham expor a intimidade dos moradores da
comunidade. Conclui que, apesar de reconhecer a relev?ncia de eleva??o ? categoria de
atra??o tur?stica e suas promissoras perspectivas, requer aten??o e prioridade, em face da
maior precariza??o da condi??o humana, em rela??o ?s ?reas nobres em que est? inserida
devendo o turismo ser um vetor de desenvolvimento, n?o um mascaramento da realidade
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Modèles dynamiques réduits de milieux périodiques par morceaux : application aux voies ferroviaires / Reduced dynamic models of piecewise periodic media : application to railway tracks.Arlaud, Elodie 09 December 2016 (has links)
Dimensionnée de manière semi-empirique, la voie ferrée est un système mécanique dont le comportement dynamique reste difficile à appréhender et à quantifier. Un outil numérique peut alors être à la fois une aide à la conception, en évaluant la performance de nouvelles structures, et un élément de diagnostic sur les voies existantes, en complément de mesures terrain adaptées.L'outil développé dans ce travail s'appuie sur les techniques de résolution des équations de propagation dans les guides d'ondes dans le domaine des fréquences/nombres d'onde. Sa particularité est l'introduction d'un modèle réduit basé sur une sous-structuration périodique de la structure, en ne conservant, pour la résolution des équations de dispersion, que quelques nombres d'onde judicieusement choisis. En s'appuyant sur cette technique de réduction de modèle et son extension à des modèles temporels avec contact mobile, les coûts de calcul et de stockage sont largement diminués. Cela en fait un outil performant et utilisable dans des études d'ingénierie portant sur la voie ferrée.Des étapes de vérifications numériques sur les hypothèses sous-jacentes à la réduction ont été réalisées en construisant un modèle fréquentiel complet par transformée de Floquet. En parallèle, des campagnes d'essais dynamiques (mesures de réceptance et d'accélération sur traverse au passage des trains) ont été réalisées sur une zone de transition entre voie ballastée et voie sur dalle sur ligne à grande vitesse. Les résultats obtenus expérimentalement permettent de valider les simulations dans les domaines temporel et fréquentiel sur les différentes zones de la transition. Le modèle permet de mieux comprendre l'effet de la sous-structure sur le comportement dynamique. Une des grandes avancées de ce travail est également l'introduction d'une stratégie permettant d'utiliser la méthode de réduction pour coupler des zones présentant des tranches différentes. Des outils de post-traitement ont été développés pour mettre en lumière les effets dynamiques générés par la transition. / Railway tracks have evolved over years based on empirical results and their dynamic behavior still can be difficult to assess or to quantify. A numerical model can thus provide assistance in track design by assessing the mechanical performance of new structures, or allowing the diagnostic of existing track parts, as a complement to relevant in-situ measurements.The numerical model developed in this work combines a reduction strategy with numerical techniques used to solve the propagation equations in waveguides in the frequency / wave number domains. The peculiarity of the exposed methodology is the introduction of a model based on a periodic sub structuring of the track, keeping only a few wavelengths carefully chosen to solve dispersion equations. Based on this model reduction technique and its extension to time domain models with moving contact, the computational time and storage capacity required are greatly reduced. Thus, this model is efficient and useful for engineering purposes in railway tracks studies.Numerical validation of the reduction is carried out by building a complete reference model in the frequency domain. In parallel, measurement campaigns (receptance measurement and sleeper acceleration under passing trains) were performed on a transition zone between ballasted and slab tracks on a High Speed Line. These tests are compared to simulation results in both time and frequency domains on different areas of the transition. After successful validation, the model is used to improve understanding of the role of the substructure on the dynamic behavior.The final major development of this work is the introduction of a strategy to extend the reduction to piecewise periodic structures and the development of post-processing tools to highlight the dynamic effects generated by the transition zone.
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THE PROPAGATION OF EMP IN A PLASMA-FILLED WAVEGUIDE.Righettini, Marlene Elaine. January 1983 (has links)
No description available.
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A path integral approach to the coupled-mode equations with specific reference to optical waveguidesMountfort, Francesca Helen 03 1900 (has links)
MSc / Thesis (MSc (Physics))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / The propagation of electromagnetic radiation in homogeneous or periodically modulated media can
be described by the coupled mode equations. The aim of this study was to derive analytical expressions
modeling the solutions of the coupled-mode equations, as alternative to the generally used numerical
and transfer-matrix methods. The path integral formalism was applied to the coupled-mode equations.
This approach involved deriving a path integral from which a generating functional was obtained. From
the generating functional a Green’s function, or propagator, describing the nature of mode propagation
was extracted. Initially a Green’s function was derived for the propagation of modes having position
independent coupling coefficients. This corresponds to modes propagating in a homogeneous medium
or in a uniform grating formed by a periodic variation of the index of refraction along the direction of
propagation. This was followed by the derivation of a Green’s function for the propagation of modes having
position dependent coupling coefficients with the aid of perturbation theory. This models propagation
through a nonuniform inhomogeneous medium, specifically a modulated grating.
The propagator method was initially tested for the case of propagation in an arbitrary homogeneous
medium. In doing so three separate cases were considered namely the copropagation of two modes in
the forward and backward directions followed by the counter propagation of the two modes. These more
trivial cases were used as examples to develop a rigorous mathematical formalism for this approach. The
results were favourable in that the propagator’s results compared well with analytical and numerical
solutions.
The propagator method was then tested for mode propagation in a periodically perturbed waveguide.
This corresponds to the relevant application of mode propagation in uniform gratings in optical fibres.
Here two case were investigated. The first scenario was that of the copropagation of two modes in a long
period transmission grating. The results achieved compared well with numerical results and analytical
solutions. The second scenario was the counter propagation of two modes in a short period reflection
grating, specifically a Bragg grating. The results compared well with numerical results and analytical
solutions. In both cases it was shown that the propagator accurately predicts many of the spectral
properties of these uniform gratings.
Finally the propagator method was applied to a nonuniform grating, that is a grating for which the
uniform periodicity is modulated - in this case by a raised-cosine function. The result of this modulation
is position dependent coupling coefficients necessitating the use of the Green’s function derived using
perturbation theory. The results, although physically sensible and qualitatively correct, did not compare
well to the numerical solution or the well established transfer-matrix method on a quantitative level at
wavelengths approaching the design wavelength of the grating. This can be explained by the breakdown
of the assumptions of first order perturbation theory under these conditions.
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n Ouerleidingsprogram vir enkelouers : 'n oplossingsgerigte benaderingMalherbe, Henriëtte 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This programme is aimed at providing parent guidance to single parents. It is
based on a reciprocal and egalitarian work relationship, using the parent's own
skills, knowledge, unique strengths and previous successes.
Solution-focused therapy developed from postmodernism. Therefore the
absence of an objective reality functions independently of a reality that is
linguistically constructed. The assumptions that underpin Solution-focused
therapy are discussed, since they form an essential element in the composition
of this programme. Since the guidance programme is implemented in a group
context, attention is paid to the therapeutic factors, dynamics and principles of
solution-focused group work. Techniques unique to Solution-focused work, such
as the miracle question, exceptions questions and grading questions are
explained.
These techniques are put into practice over six sessions: (1) identifying
problematic issues in single parent families, (2) focusing on any slight change,
(3) if it works, don't fix it, (4) if it doesn't work, do something else, (5) focus on
what is right, (6) celebrate changes and exceptions. Goals are set and
procedures work out for each session.
The programme is aimed at enhancing the single parent's own capacity for
generating solutions and constructing alternative meaning in a move away from a
problem orientation towards a solution orientation. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie program is op ouerleiding aan enkelouers gerig. Oit berus op 'n
wederkerige en eqalitere werksverhouding, gebaseer op die ouer se vaardigheid,
eie kennis, unieke vermoens en vorige suksesse.
Oplossingsgerigte terapie het ontwikkel vanuit die postmodernisme.
Hiervolgens is daar nie 'n objektiewe werklikheid wat onafhanklik funksioneer van
die lingu"istiese gekonstrueerde weergawe van die realiteit nie. Die aannames
waarop Oplossingsgerigte terapie berus word bespreek, aangesien dit 'n
belangrike element in die samestelling van hierdie program vorm. Aangesien die
ouerleiding in groepverband geskied, word daar aandag geskenk aan die
terapeutiese faktore, dinamiek en beginsels van oplossingsgerigte groepwerk.
Tegnieke eie aan oplossingsgerigte werk, soos die wonderwerkvraag,
uitsonderingsvrae en graderingsvrae, word verduidelik.
Die verpraktisering van bogenoemde geskied in ses sessies wat soos volg
uiteengesit is: (1) die identifisering van problematiese kwessies by
enkelouergesinne, (2) fokus op klein veranderinge, (3) as dit werk, moet dit nie
'regmaak' nie, (4) as dit nie werk nie, doen iets anders, (5) fokus op dit 'wat reg
is', (6) die viering van verandering en uitsonderings.
uiteengesette doelwitte en prosedurenotas.
Hierdie program poog om die ouer se eie kapasiteit vir die generering van
Elke sessie het
oplossings te fasiliteer en alternatiewe betekenisse te konstrueer, deur die klem
te verskuif van 'n probleemgerigtheid na 'n oplossingsgerigtheid.
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Stress and coping strategies in recently widowed rural black womenSomhlaba, Ncebazakhe Z. 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The relationship between stress and coping strategies in bereavement was examined in 70 recently
widowed rural black women (mean age 36.53 years). Correlations were sought between coping
strategies (as measured by the Coping Strategy Indicator) and anxiety (as measured by the S-scale of the
State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), depression (as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory), social
support (as measured by the Social Support Scale) and biographical variables. Of the participants,
88.57% were at least mildly depressed, while 78.57% experienced anxiety of above average intensity.
Depression scores were significantly higher for those who were unemployed than for those who had
paid work. Those with an education of Standard 6 or below made significantly more use of social
support-seeking strategies than those with high school and tertiary education. Those whose husbands
had died suddenly made more use of problem-solving strategies, while those whose husbands had died
of chronic illness made more use of social support-seeking coping strategies. Significant positive
correlations were found between an avoidant coping strategy and both depression and anxiety. A
significant positive correlation was found between a social support-seeking coping strategy and
perceived social support. Significant negative correlations were found between both problem-solving
and social support-seeking coping strategies and anxiety as well as depression scores. An avoidant
coping strategy emerged as a significant positive predictor of both anxiety and depression, while
problem-solving and social support-seeking coping strategies emerged as significant negative predictors
of depression. A problem-solving coping strategy alone emerged as a significant negative predictor of
anxiety. These findings point to the need for interventions aimed at more effective use of problemsolving
and social support-seeking coping strategies, rather than avoidance, if the widowed are to
effectively deal with their conjugal loss. Another implication of these findings is the importance of
helping those who are undergoing bereavement to continuously re-define their social support structures
for continued sustenance of social and emotional support. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die verband tussen stres en hanteringstrategieë is in 'n groep van 70 landelike swart vrouens (gemiddelde
ouderdom 36.53 jaar) wat hul eggenote onlangs aan die dood afgestaan het, ondersoek. Korrelasies tussen
hanteringstrategieë (gemeet deur die Coping Strategy Indicator) en angs (gemeet deur die S-skaal van die State-
Trait Anxiety Inventory), depressie (gemeet deur die Beck Depression Inventory), sosiale ondersteuning (gemeet
deur die Social Support Scale) en biografiese veranderlikes is ondersoek. Van die deelnemers was 88.57%
minstens tot 'n ligte mate depressief, terwyl 78.57% bogemiddelde angsvlakke ervaar het. Depressietellings van
werklose vroue was hoër as van diegene met 'n gesalarieerde werk. Diegene met Standerd 6 opleiding of laer het
beduidend meer gebruik gemaak van sosiale ondersteuning-soekende strategieë as diegene met hoërskool en
tersiêre opleiding. Diegene wie se eggenote skielik afgesterf het, het meer gebruik gemaak van
probleemoplossende hanteringstrategieë terwyl diegene wie se eggenote afgesterf het as gevolg van 'n chroniese
siekte, meer gebruik gemaak het van sosiale ondersteuning-soekende hanteringstrategieë. Beduidende positiewe
korrelasies is aangetref tussen 'n vermydende hanteringstrategie en beide depressie en angs. 'n Beduidende
positiewe korrelasie is aangetref tussen 'n sosiale ondersteuning-soekende hanteringstrategie en waargenome
sosiale ondersteuning. Beduidende negatiewe korrelasies is aangetref tussen beide probleem-oplossende en
sosiale ondersteuning-soekende hanteringstrategieë en angs sowel as depressie. 'n Vermydende hanteringstrategie
was 'n beduidende positiewe voorspeller van beide angs en depressie, terwyl probleem-oplossende en sosiale
ondersteuning-soekende hanteringstrategieë beduidende negatiewe voorspellers was van depressie. 'n
Probleemoplossende hanteringstrategie was 'n beduidende negatiewe voorspellers van angs. Hierdie bevinding
dui op die noodsaaklikheid van intervensies wat gemik is op die meer effektiewe gebruik van probleemoplossende
en sosiale ondersteuning-soekende hanteringstrategieë, eerder as vermyding, vir die weduwee om die
afsterwe van haar eggenoot effektief te kan hanteer. Nog 'n implikasie van die bevindinge is die belangrikheid
daarvan om diegene wat rou te help om voortdurend hul sosiale ondersteuningstrukture te herdefinieer vir
voortdurende onderhouding van sosiale en emosionele ondersteuning.
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Growth-based computer aided design strategies for multimode waveguide design with the aid of functional blocksVale, Christopher A. W. 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (PhD) -- Stellenbosch University, 2001. / Some digitised pages may appear illegible due to the condition of the original hard copy. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: A new technique for the design of multimode devices in overmoded waveguide is presented.
The technique applies the principle of growth-based design and uses a conceptual functional
block representation of the design structure to provide necessary flexibility to the design
algorithms. Two growth based design strategies are proposed and evaluated. The first uses a
generalized synthesis-oriented scanning technique, and the second uses an evolutionary
strategy. The techniques provide reliable solutions to a variety of multimode design problems.
In order to facilitate sufficiently fast numerical analysis, novel enhancements of the mode
matching technique are developed and the use of surrogate models is investigated. In addition,
to allow physical evaluation of the finished devices, original techniques of measuring
multimode devices are formulated and utilised.
Two practical problems are used to evaluate the performance of the design procedures. The
first is the design of overmoded waveguide chokes for microwave heating facilities, and the
second is the design of multimode horns for antenna and spatial power combining
applications. Various examples of each type of problem are presented with measurements of
manufactured solutions. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: ’n Nuwe tegniek vir die ontwerp van multimodusstelsels binne multimodus golfleier word
voorgestel. Die tegniek maak gebruik van die beginsel van groei-georienteerde ontwerp en
ontgin ’n konsepsuele funksionele module-voorstelling van die ontwerpstruktuur om die
nodige buigsaamheid aan die ontwerpsalgoritmes te verleen. Twee groei-georienteerde
ontwerpstrategiee word aangebied en geevalueer. Die eerste is gebasseer op ’n veralgemeende
sintese-georienteerde skandeertegniek, en die tweede maak gebruik van ’n evolusie-strategie.
Die tegniek verskaf betroubare oplossings vir ’n verskeidenheid van
multimodusontwerpsprobleme.
Ten einde ’n numeriese analise-tegniek daar te stel wat vinnig genoeg is, word oorspronklike
verbeterings van die modal-pas metode ontwikkel en surrogaatmodelle is ook ondersoek.
Verder, vir fisiese evaluasie, word oorspronklike meettegnieke vir multimodusstelsels
geformuleer en gebruik.
Twee praktiese probleme word gebruik om die ontwerpprosedures te evalueer. Die eerste is
die ontwerp van multimodus golfleierdrywingsdempers vir mikrogolfverhitting, en die tweede
is die ontwerp van multimodus horings vir antenna- en ruimtelike drywingskombineerdertoepasings.
Verskeie voorbeelde van elke tipe probleem word gegee met metings van
gei'mplementeerde oplossings.
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hp-Adaptation for the FEM Analysis of WaveguidesLezar, Evan 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MScEng (Electrical and Electronic Engineering))--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / The nite element method (FEM) is a powerful tool for the computational analysis of a wide range
of electromagnetic problems. As the complexity of the problems is increased so are the demands
in terms of the computational resources required to obtain a su ciently accurate solution. In an
attempt to obtain a desired accuracy at a lower computational cost adaptive and higher order
methods are often employed. These methods generally entail re ning the solution only in the areas
where greater complexity is required, thus decreasing the total computational demand.
The adaptive nite element method is implemented and used to analyse the transverse electric
cuto eigenmodes of 2D waveguiding structures. The higher order hierarchical vector basis functions
that form part of this implementation are automatically generated to very high orders, with the
results presented in excellent agreement to analytical ones where applicable. Accuracy to the order of
numeric precision is attained. Using these adaptive methods, it is also possible to achieve improved
cost e ciency of the error metrics considered with respect to storage requirements and computational
cost.
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Investigation and design of a slotted waveguide antenna with low 3D sidelobesMaritz, Andries Johannes Nicolaas 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MScEng (Electrical and Electronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: An investigation into the cause of undesired sidelobes in the 3D radiation
pattern of slotted waveguide arrays is conducted. It is hypothesized that
the cross-polarization of the antenna is at fault, along with the possibility
that an error is made when designing a linear array. In investigating and
finding a solution to the problem, the “Z-slot ” is introduced in conjunction
with polarizer plates. The base components are used by a custom optimization
algorithm to design reference and solution antennas. Results of the
antennas are then compared to ascertain the cause and possible solutions
for the unwanted sidelobes. The generic nature of the process may be used
to characterize other arbitrary aperture configurations and to design larger
antennas. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: ‘n Ondersoek om die oorsaak van ongewensde sylobbe in die 3D uitstraalpatroon
van golfleier-antennas vas te stel. Die hipotese is dat die probleem
ontstaan uit die kruis-polarisasie van die antenna, tesame met ‘n verkeerdelikke
aanname dat die opstelling liniêr is. Die “Z-Gleuf” tesame met polariseringsplate
word voorgestel as hulpmiddel om die moontlikke oorsake
te ondersoek. ‘n Gespesialiseerde optime erings-algoritme benut hierdie basiskomponente
om beide verwysings- en oplossing-antennas te ontwerp.
Resultate van die ontwerpde antennas word dan vergelyk om die oorsaak
van die ongewensde sylobbe te vas te stel. Die generiese aard van die proses
kan toegepas word op enige gleuf-konfigurasie en om groter antennas mee
te ontwerp.
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