Stress within healthcare environments can be the result of uncertainty, illness, or the environment itself. In order to promote better health outcomes for dialysis users, scientific literature advocates stress reduction within healthcare environments. Dialysis patients are subject to numerous stressors, including the threat of potential losses and lifestyle change. Studies have revealed that patients who suffer from chronic illness perceive different levels of quality of life than those who are considered healthy and because of these lifestyle changes they employ various coping mechanisms when dealing with stress. There is a rising movement to mitigate stress through the use of holistic healing, an approach that addresses a person’s mental, emotional, physical, and spiritual elements to create a total healing environment. In accordance with this growing movement, the intent of this practicum is to create an outpatient centre for Manitoba’s dialysis patients that increases their perceived quality of life. The inquiry process began by questioning dialysis patients and conducting observational research at the Winnipeg Health Sciences Centre. Literature and precedent reviews were conducted, and the design programme was developed. The result of this research-based design proposal is an outpatient hemodialysis centre located within the Winnipeg Health Sciences Centre that helps mitigate stress while patients attempt to cope with lifestyle changes. The resulting design is one that is warm, welcoming, home-like and comfortable, which is supported by the theories explained in the literature review. This environment provides a greater sense of control, creates positive distractions and allows spiritually evoking opportunities to take place for all users of this new facility. / February 2009

Traumas such as experiences of military combat, violent personal assault, natural disasters, severe vehicle accidents, being taken as hostage or prisoner, and diagnosis of life threating disease (American Psychiatric Association, 2000) impact every aspect and facet of the lives of trauma survivors including the physical, social, mental, emotional, psychological, and spiritual aspects of well-being. Trauma results in avoidance and dissociation, hyperarousal, and intrusion and constriction (Herman, 1997). Trauma may also lead individuals to anxiety, depression, somatization and cognitive distortions (Briere, 2004), disconnection from their bodies (Ogden el al. 2006; van der Kolk, 2006), and getting stuck in the past (van der Kolk et al., 1996). In leisure contexts, trauma may lead to experiencing avoidance, re-enactment in leisure, and the tendency to isolate and fear emotional and physical intimacy with others (Arai, Griffin, Miatello, & Greig, 2008). The foundation of trauma healing is establishing safety, mourning and reconnection with ordinary life (Herman, 1997), reconnection with the body, and being present (Levine, 2010). While cognitive therapy plays a role in trauma healing, somatic approaches provide additional support to reconnection of body and mind. Somatically-oriented therapies support trauma survivors to acquire a sense of safety and mastery over their bodies and to heal disconnection that results from trauma exposure (van der Kolk, 2003). The promise of interventions integrating body-mind in healing and support various mental health issues are growing and research is showing positive results. There is growing evidence of the role of physically-active leisure in healing trauma (Arai, Mock & Gallant, 2011). Yoga has been supported by a number of studies as a therapeutic intervention for both psychological and physiological conditions associated with trauma (Emerson & Hopper, 2011; Emerson, Sharma, Chaudhry, & Turner, 2009; The Trauma Centre, 2013; van der Kolk, 2012; Ware, 2007) and posttraumatic stress disorder (Descilo et al., 2007; Emerson et al., 2009; van der Kolk, 2012). Yoga originated over 5000 years ago in India and is a holistic and comprehensive system of practice and wellbeing that creates individuality, space, and opening allowing the self to be in the body without judgment. According to Iyengar (2002), yoga lifts up from clutches of pain and sorrow, and enables to live fully, taking a delight in life. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the meanings and experiences of yoga for trauma survivors. Phenomenology attempts to capture participants’ perception of lived experience, plunging deep into the nature of being to embrace a mindful wondering about a project of life, of living, of what it means to live a life (van Manen, 2001). The study engaged thirteen individuals who experienced trauma and had been practicing yoga for at least five years in phenomenological interviews using open and active interview questions. Research questions guiding my study were: What is the nature of the yoga experience? What meanings do people who have experienced trauma make of this experience? What happens in the yoga experience that is healing? The findings emerged in the form of four essences describing the yoga experiences of participants: moving from the darkness of trauma into the light of yoga and living, entering into safe and sacred spaces, letting go into yoga and returning to embodiment of self, and embracing creativity and connection beyond the mat. Through the light that yoga brought into the darkness of the lives of the participants, they realized they are far more than just the trauma they experienced. This light allowed them know and touch the light within, feel safe again, reclaim their connection with self, befriending their bodies while being present in the moment and know the trauma has already happened and they do not have to stay there.

There is an increasing need for a local comprehensive cancer treatment centre that caters primarily to children. This design proposes a paediatric facility that will be located in Waterloo Region to meet the needs of the area’s rapidly increasing population. It will serve children under the age of eighteen, their families, and the surrounding community. The proposed site will be in Floradale, a small rural community in Waterloo Region, approximately 15 km from Kitchener/Waterloo. This site is located directly adjacent to the Woolwich Reservoir and was chosen because of its close proximity to this natural environment. Although it is located in a rural area, the proposed facility is still close to the urban core and the two existing general hospitals in the region. Based on the rapid population growth of the region, the city boundaries are quickly expanding outwards, closing the gap between Floradale and Kitchener/Waterloo. The thesis offers a series of design principles that have been applied to the proposed facility. The design principals were established by completing a historical review, researching a variety of architectural precedent studies, and through various site visits to healthcare facilities. In order for the proposed paediatric facility to be a successful, functioning component of the community, it will recognize and incorporate the existing services present in Floradale and Waterloo Region and build upon them. The design explores the existing community groups, organizations, services, and community needs in order to propose a holistic approach connecting services to the healthcare facility, which will in turn enhance community vitality. The purpose of a healthcare facility is to access, treat, and heal the patients and families that visit. This design creates a facility where the natural and the built environment will aid in the healing process.

There is an increasing need for a local comprehensive cancer treatment centre that caters primarily to children. This design proposes a paediatric facility that will be located in Waterloo Region to meet the needs of the area’s rapidly increasing population. It will serve children under the age of eighteen, their families, and the surrounding community. The proposed site will be in Floradale, a small rural community in Waterloo Region, approximately 15 km from Kitchener/Waterloo. This site is located directly adjacent to the Woolwich Reservoir and was chosen because of its close proximity to this natural environment. Although it is located in a rural area, the proposed facility is still close to the urban core and the two existing general hospitals in the region. Based on the rapid population growth of the region, the city boundaries are quickly expanding outwards, closing the gap between Floradale and Kitchener/Waterloo. The thesis offers a series of design principles that have been applied to the proposed facility. The design principals were established by completing a historical review, researching a variety of architectural precedent studies, and through various site visits to healthcare facilities. In order for the proposed paediatric facility to be a successful, functioning component of the community, it will recognize and incorporate the existing services present in Floradale and Waterloo Region and build upon them. The design explores the existing community groups, organizations, services, and community needs in order to propose a holistic approach connecting services to the healthcare facility, which will in turn enhance community vitality. The purpose of a healthcare facility is to access, treat, and heal the patients and families that visit. This design creates a facility where the natural and the built environment will aid in the healing process.

The Saulteaux Nation is comprised of 7 major clans the larger of which is the Bear Clan. This thesis examines the holistic philosophy of the Saulteaux world view and the oral teachings of the Bear Clan. The teachings, which emphasize the nature of healing and personal growth, were related by Elder Danny Musqua to myself from within the context of traditional Bear Clan ceremonies and practices. This thesis documents my journey to understand these teachings and in the process to arrive at a deeper understanding of self. This is done within the context of Bear Clan culture and within the context of my relationship with Elder Danny Musqua. This thesis relates my struggle to make meaning of these teachings on a personal level and how these teachings have affected my life.<p> Narrative Inquiry is the methodology employed in this study. Through a reliance on narrative as the research methodology, the oral tradition of the Bear Clan and its traditional methods of knowledge transmission are honoured. The methodology utilized in this study is relatively unstructured in that no formal questioning process is utilized. Instead, it relies upon the relationship between the Elder/teacher and the son/learner in which to transmit knowledge. This process stresses the relationship between Danny and myself and emphasizes trust and respect as important elements of learning. In this relationship, knowledge was transmitted through participation in the sweatlodge, the learning lodge and through conversations with Danny. This approach to research respected the implicit nature of the oral tradition and allowed for me to make meaning of Danny's teachings in their original context and interpret them at a level appropriate for my own personal development.<p> This thesis struggles to define traditional healing and the role that the healer, the one oppressed by illness and the spiritual realm play in the healing process. This thesis may prove valuable in educating and informing those who do not have an understanding of concepts of First Nations' healing. It may also serve as an invitation to all people, Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal, to expand their notions of healing or to search out a similar path in life.

Grön rehabilitering innebär att naturen används som ett läkande element tillsammans med den traditionella vita vården. Studien är baserad på intervjuer med både personal och deltagare inom tre utvalda verksamheter där grön rehabilitering bedrivs. Målgruppen är långtidssjukskrivna och fokus ligger på deras upplevelser av rehabiliteringen. Resultatet tyder på att naturen har en positiv inverkan på deltagarnas psykiska och fysiska läkeprocess; de får möjlighet att stanna upp och reflektera över sin situation. Resultatet har analyserats utifrån teorierna empowerment och känsla av sammanhang - KASAM. I rehabiliteringen finner deltagarna verktyg till att ta kontroll över sina liv samt att göra sina liv begripliga, hanterbara och meningsfulla.

A self-healing material has the inherent ability to partially reverse damage such as crack formation that might have occurred during its service. Significant evidence exists in the literature to indicate that asphalt binder is a self-healing material. It is also well known that healing has a substantial affect on the performance of asphalt mixtures and consequently on the serviceable life of asphalt pavements. For example, shift factors from laboratory experimental data to field observed data show that laboratory data underpredict field observations. There is a need to understand the mechanisms that are responsible for healing in asphalt binders as well as to develop test methods that can be used to determine properties related to these mechanisms. This thesis presents details and findings from a two-part study that addresses each one of these two aspects. In the first part of this study, a test method based on the use of a Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) was developed to determine the parameters of characteristic healing function of asphalt binders. In the second part of this study, Molecular Modeling (MM) techniques were used to determine the interrelationship between molecular structure, surface free energy, self diffusivity, and other healing properties of asphalt binders.The healing characteristic equation parameter (Ro) which represents the instantaneous healing nature of the asphalt binders is analogous to surface energy in terms of effect on healing in asphalt binders. Ro values for three asphalt binders AAM, AAD and ABD are calculated and compared with the surface energy values available from the literature. It was observed that the Ro values are proportional to surface energy values. Surface energy values for five asphalt binders AAM, AAD, AAB, AAG and AAF are calculated using MM method based on SHRP representative molecules. These values were observed to be proportional to the surface energy values from literature. Bulk and surface diffusion coefficients of asphalt molecules are calculated using MM method. Parametric analysis was done to determine the effect of chemical structure of asphalt on its diffusion properties. It was observed that the higher percentage of saturates in the chemical structure results into higher diffusion coefficients.

Activin is a dimeric protein of inhibin beta subunit, which is abundantly stored in normal bone matrix, presumably produced by osteoblasts in the process of normal bone formation. The expression of activins was examined in the wound healing of diabetic rats. In this study,insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus was induced in a group of mature Sprague-Dawley rats by injecting streptozotocin. Control animals were injected with citrate buffer only. After 3 weeks,all of rats underwent extraction of the right maxillary molars teeth after anesthesia. Rats were killed at varying intervals and the maxilla and calvaria were recovered in continuity. Tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin as well as immunohistochemical gent. Hematoxylin-eosin analyses showed that at 7 days after tooth extraction in the control and insulin-streptozotocin-treated rats there were, thick collagen fibers which formed a pretrabecular the scaffold dictated the direction of the forming trabeculae. However,the collagen fibers in the diabetic socket were thin and scanty, and only formed a narrow layer in the apical part of the socket. These histologic observations suggest that in uncontrolled, insulin-dependent diabetes, the formation of the collagenous framework in the tooth extraction socket is inhibited, resulting in delayed healing.The immunohistochemical analyses showed that at 7 days after tooth extraction in both control and insulin-streptozotocin-treated rats, osteoblasts were increased in extra-alveolar bone formation.Our findings also suggested that activin was actively involve in bone modeling during osteogenesis. These findings suggest that activin may play important role in the regulation of bone formation and it may be useful in the future for the wound healing in diabetic patients.

Crack healing in quartz has been investigated by optical microscopy and interferometry of rhombohedral ( 1 1 10 ) cracks in polished Brazilian quartz prisms that were annealed hydrothermally at temperatures of 250°C and 400°C for 2.4 to 240 hours, fluid pressure Pf = Pc = 41 MPa, and varying pOH- (from 5.4 to 1.2 at 250°C for fluids consisting of distilled water and NaOH solutions with molalities up to 1). Crack morphologies before and after annealing were recorded for each sample in plane light digital images. Crack apertures were determined from interference fringes recorded using transmitted monochromatic light (l = 598 nm). As documented in previous studies, crack healing is driven by reductions in surface energy and healing rates are governed by diffusional transport; sharply defined crack tips become blunted and split into fluid- filled tubes and inclusions. A rich variety of fluid inclusion geometries are also observed with nonequilibrium shapes that depend on initial surface roughness. Crack healing is significant at T=400°C. Crack healing is also observed at T=250°C for smooth cracks with apertures <0.6 mm or cracks subject to low pOH-. The extent of crack healing is sensitive to crack aperture and to hackles formed by fine-scale crack branching during earlier crack growth. Crack apertures appear to be controlled by hackles and debris, which prop the crack surfaces open. Upon annealing, crack apertures are reduced, and these reduced crack apertures govern the kinetics of diffusional crack healing that follows. Hackles are sites of either enhanced or reduced loss of fluid-solid interface, depending on slight mismatches and sense of twist on opposing crack surfaces. Hackles are replaced either by healed curvilinear quartz bridges and river patterns surrounded by open fluid-filled crack, or by fluid- filled tubes surrounded by regions of healed quartz. For a given temperature, aperture and anneal time, crack healing is enhanced at low pOH- ( £ 1.2) either because of changes in the hydroxylated quartz- fluid interface that enhance reaction rates or because of increased rates of diffusional net transport of silica at high silica concentrations.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2000. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 294-299). Also available on the Internet.