published_or_final_version / Civil Engineering / Master / Master of Philosophy

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 1993.

Thesis (M. Eng.), Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1999. / Bibliography: p. 137-142.

Thesis (Ph. D.), Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1998. / Bibliography: leaves 229-245.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1999. / Restricted until May 2002. Bibliography: p. 237-254.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2006. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 334-340).

Concretos de alta resistência têm sido usados em estruturas, atualmente, em diversas partes do mundo. Entretanto, no Brasil, pouco se conhece sobre seu comportamento. Este trabalho fornece uma visão geral das aplicações, dos materiais empregados na produção, das propriedades mecânicas e do comportamento estrutural dos concretos de alta resistência. Resultados experimentais obtidos por alguns pesquisadores, para pilares com carga axial e para vigas sujeitas a flexão e a cisalhamento, são comparados com valores teóricos, calculados com procedimentos usuais relativos a concretos de resistência usual. Para os pilares, é inquestionável a necessidade do confinamento do núcleo de concreto, utilizando armadura de cintamento. Na flexão das vigas, as taxas mínimas para armadura longitudinal, sugeridas pelas normas para concretos usuais, não são suficientes; é importante ter valores maiores que esses. E para cisalhamento, as recomendações das normas são satisfatórias. / Nowadays, high-strength concrete has been used in structures all over the world. However, in Brazil, not much is known about its behavior. This work provides an overview of the applications, the materials employed in production, the mechanical properties, and the structural behavior of high-strength concrete. Experimental results obtained by several researchers, for columns under axial load and beams under flexure and shear, are confronted with theoretical values, computed by normal procedures relative to normal strength concrete. For columns, it is unquestionable the need of confinement of the concrete core by transverse reinforcement. In beams under flexure, the minimum rates for longitudinal reinforcement, suggested by the codes for usual concrete, are not enough; it is important to have values greater than those. And for shear, the codes requirements are satisfactories.

O objetivo da pesquisa foi obter subsídios para o projeto de pilares de concreto de alta resistência, submetidos à compressão simples, com concreto de resistência média de 60 MPa. Este projeto faz parte de um plano mais amplo onde já se têm resultados experimentais que traduzem o comportamento de pilares moldados com concreto de resistência média à compressão de 80 MPa. Nestes constatou-se a participação isolada do núcleo de concreto definido pelo eixo da armadura transversal como seção resistente dos pilares. Na etapa experimental foram ensaiados pilares com seções transversais quadradas de 200 mm x 200 mm e retangulares de 150 mm x 300 mm. As alturas dos pilares correspondem a seis vezes a menor dimensão da seção transversal, portanto, 1200 mm e 900 mm, respectivamente. Nos modelos de seção quadrada, o valor médio das relações entre as forças últimas experimentais e as forças últimas teóricas, considerando a seção total de concreto, resultou igual a 0,82, indicando que a seção resistente não é a seção total. Por outro lado, a média das relações entre as forças últimas experimentais e as forças últimas teóricas, considerando apenas a área do núcleo limitada pelo eixo dos estribos, resultou igual a 1,21, o que mostra que a seção resistente pode ser considerada, no Estado Limite Último, como a seção do núcleo. / This research\'s aim is to obtain information for design of high strength concrete columns under concentrically loads with medium cylinder compressive strength of 60 MPa. This project belongs to a more extensive plan which already has experimental results that represent the behavior of columns performed with concrete with medium cylinder compressive strength of 80 MPa. In these models has been verified the independent participation of concrete core defined by the transversal reinforcement axis as resistant section near the ultimate load. In the experimental stage it was tested twelve columns with square (200 mm x 200 mm) and rectangular (150 mm x 300 mm) cross sections. The height of the columns corresponds to six times the smallest dimension of the cross section, 1,200 mm and 900 mm, respectively. The medium value of the ratios between the ultimate experimental force and the ultimate theoretical force, regarding the full concrete section, was 0.82, indicating that the resistant section is not the full section. On the other hand, the medium of ratios between the ultimate experimental force and the ultimate theoretical force, considering only the core area limited by the axis of the lateral reinforcement bars, was 1.21, what shows that the resistant section can be considered as the core section in the Ultimate Limit State.

High performance concrete (HPC) provides a long lasting, durable concrete that is typically used in bridge decks due to its low permeability, high abrasion resistance, freeze-thaw resistance and strength. However, this type of concrete is highly susceptible to the deleterious effects of both autogenous and drying shrinkage. Both types of shrinkage occur when water leaves small pores , (< 50 nm) in the paste matrix to aid in hydration or is lost to the surrounding environment. Autogenous deformation (self-desiccation) occurs as the internal relative humidity decreases due to hydration of the cementitious material. Drying (and subsequent shrinkage) occurs when water is lost to the environment and continues until the internal relative humidity is equivalent to the ambient relative humidity. Typically, the magnitude of autogenous shrinkage is less than that of drying shrinkage. These two types of shrinkage do not act independently, and the total shrinkage is the aggregation of the two shrinkage mechanisms. It is imperative to minimize the amount of shrinkage in restrained members, such as bridge decks, to reduce the cracking potential. Various methods have been researched to minimize both types of shrinkage. Two methods to that have been reported to reduce shrinkage were selected for further research; internal curing using pre-soaked lightweight fine aggregate (LWFA) and shrinkage reducing admixtures (SRAs). The purpose of this study was to determine the long-term drying shrinkage performance of these two methods while reducing the external curing duration of 14 days for new bridge deck construction as specified by the Oregon Department of Transportation. In addition to monitoring drying shrinkage, durability testing was performed on concrete specimens to ensure these shrinkage mitigation methods performed at levels similar to concrete with the current mixture design. Freeze-thaw testing, permeability testing and restrained drying shrinkage testing were conducted. It was concluded that the combination of SRAs and pre-soaked LWFA was the most effective method to reduce longterm drying shrinkage for all curing durations (1, 7, and 14 day). Additionally, for durability testing, it was found that the use of SRAs performed the best in freeze-thaw testing, chloride permeability and restrained shrinkage. / Graduation date: 2012

[pt] Trata-se de um estudo experimental do comportamento de pilares de alta resistência submetidos à flexão composta reta e oblíqua. Foram ensaiados oito pilares com seção transversal de 25x15 cm e comprimento de 300 cm, compondo duas séries de 4 pilares cada uma. Na primeira série, a resistência do concreto foi de 40 MPa e os quatro pilares foram ensaiados à flexão composta oblíqua. Na segunda série, a resistência do concreto foi de 70 MPa e os quatro pilares foram ensaiados à flexão composta reta. Em cada série, a variável foi a taxa de armadura longitudinal que assumiu os valores 1,3%, 2,1%, 3,2% e 4,3%. A finalidade foi verificar os valores da excentricidade de segunda ordem que devem ser considerados no dimensionamento de pilares de concreto de alta resistência. Os resultados experimentais foram comparados com os obtidos pelos métodos do Pilar Padrão com Curvatura Aproximada e do Pilar Padrão com Rigidez Aproximada que constam na NBR 6118:2003. Essa comparação mostrou que o método da curvatura aproximada apresenta valores das excentricidades de 2ª ordem próximos dos reais no caso de pilares submetidos à flexão composta reta e oblíqua, enquanto que o método da rigidez aproximada é contra a segurança só na maioria dos ensaios de pilares submetidos à flexão composta reta. / [en] This work presents an experimental study of the behavior of slender high strength concrete columns under uniaxial and biaxial eccentric compression loads. Eight columns with cross-section of 15x25 cm and height of 300 cm were tested, divided into two series. In the first series, the concrete strength was 40 MPa and the four columns were tested under biaxial compression. In the second series, the concrete strength was 70 MPa and the four columns were tested under uniaxial compression. In each series, the variable was the longitudinal reinforcement ratio which assumed the values 1,3%, 2,1%, 3,2% e 4,3%. The objective was to verify the values of the eccentricity of second order that should be taken into account in the design of slender high strength concrete columns. The experimental results were compared with theoretical results obtained by the models of the approximated curvature and approximated stiffnes methods prescribed in the NBR 6118:2003 code. This comparison showed that the method of curvature approximate present values of the eccentricities of second order close to the real in the case of columns under uniaxial and biaxial eccentric compression loads, while the method of stiffness approximate is lower security in columns under uniaxial eccentric compression load.