In this study, the holding capacity of anchors and their design methodology are investigated. In general, three kinds of anchors have been used in cage aquaculture engineering, including embedment anchors, deadweight anchors, and pile anchors. The maximum holding capacity of embedment anchors was analyzed via the results of experiments by increasing the weight of anchors, while the best holding capacity of deadweight anchors was investigated by changing the types of shear keys. Moreover, the designs and considerations of pile anchors were also discussed in Appendix A. From the results of experiments, the maximum holding capacity of embedment anchors varies 12~19 times of their self-weight, and has the trend such as the holding capacity is in proportion to the weight of anchor. In the case of deadweight anchors, two methods were used to analyze the holding capacity, one is to consider the passive earth pressure behind each shear key of anchor block, and the other is to consider the net weight including the confined sand trapped inside of shear keys and its passive earth pressure at the outmost skirt key. It seems that the first method has more accurate than the second method until the number of keys equals 5 based on the experimental results. And, when the number of keys is greater and equal 6, the second method has better predictions than the first one. The main reason is that it is unable to fully develop the passive earth pressure in such a narrow space between the keys. Therefore, the interval between shear keys should at least equal 1 time of the key¡¦s penetration depth according to this study.

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In 2000 and 2001,The Financial Institution Merger Act and Financial Holding Act were legislated in Taiwan. There are 15 financial holding companies established till now. Financial holding companies hope to diversify financial commodities to investors through joint-marketing and gain cost-saving and risk-control and improve financial performance. It expects to pursue and promote broad business scope. Cathay Financial Holding company, one of the financial holding companies, is the biggest financial holding company except the Taiwan Financial Holding company. Cathay Financial Holding company has total assets exceeding NTD 3.68 trillion. The subsidiaries of Cathay Financial Holding company include Cathay Life Insurance, Cathay United Bank, Cathay Century Insurance, Cathay Securities, and Cathay Venture Capital. The financial performance of subsidiaries of financial holding company becomes more sensitive due to competition of financial liberalization and macroeconomic variables changed. The research not only uses a multiple-regression model and reported here was trying to examine the macroeconomic variables that determine the financial performance of subsidiaries of Cathay Financial Holding company, but also uses a managing capital method EAR to discuss the risk-control of Cathay Financial Holding company. Keywords : Financial Holding company, financial performance, macroeconomic variables, managing capital, EAR

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This thesis explores how Māori whānau cope under the circumstance of multiple job holding in four whānau who have at least one member who is a multiple job holder. The study uses a behavioural model of family resilience to identify the factors that enable or inhibit whānau coping. It finds that the reasons that influence Māori whānau multiple job holding can shape the whānau ability to cope while multiple job holding. The whānau in this study were found to have multiple motives for multiple job holding. Multiple job holding was used as a buffer mechanism because of previous financial stresses and strains, to facilitate future career and employment development and to enable a parent to fulfil what they perceived to be parental-financial obligations. In one case a demand for Māori skilled professional workers, led a whānau member to take on an extra job to fill this demand. Of importance, the study finds that resources are an essential factor when considering how whānau cope. Coping is facilitated by access to multiple resources and the types of resources required by whānau will be contextually specific in each whānau case.

Contest outcomes are usually determined by differences in resource holding potential, the social histories of the combatants, and perceptions of resource value. One understudied aspect of gaining an advantage is the residency effect. Prior occupancy of a particular place can affect the knowledge and motivation of the resident. There could be a tactical advantage in knowing the terrain or an increased willingness to fight to maintain control of a familiar area. In this study we evaluated the importance of shelter residency effects relative to size differences between rusty crayfish (Orconectes rusticus) as potential competitors for access to shelter. The intensity of any residency effects was manipulated by altering the number of shelters in the arena. Our results suggest that any residency effect is very weak in this system, and if present may often be masked by the strong and pervasive influence on contest outcome of the relative body sizes of the contestants. We also found that both shelter number and crayfish size asymmetries had strong, independent effects on levels of aggression. Dominance, but not residency status, was a factor in shelter use.

Univ., Diss.--Frankfurt (Main), 2004.