Univ., Diss.--Bayreuth, 2000.

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Age related cataracts are one of the major causes of loss of vision worldwide. Approximately 20 million people in the United States have their vision obstructed by cataracts and 500,000 new cases are diagnosed annually. The treatment for cataract is surgical extraction. The surgery is more than 95% successful in significantly improving vision. Because of continual advancements in cataract surgery, it is almost exclusively performed as an outpatient procedure and involves the administration of local anesthesia. For the most part patients are fully conscious during the procedure and it is imperative that they remain still. In the elderly, fear of loss of vision related to cataract surgery is second only to the fear of death. Although studies have shown that the average cataract patient is not unduly anxious regarding cataract surgery, anxiety is a known entity. An increase in anxiety can cause a patient to be restless, jittery, and agitated, all of which can cause unanticipated movement and hence a deleterious outcome. People are social beings. Interaction with and among other people provides and conveys support, comfort, and reassurance. Touch, specifically hand holding, has been shown to decrease anxiety and stress in multiple situations. It is minimally invasive, safe, reassuring and could allow patients to communicate during procedures where verbal communication, if done without parameters, as in cataract surgery, could be devastating. The findings of this study failed to reveal a significant difference in post op anxiety scores in either the treatment group or the non treatment group. However, subjectively, those people who received hand holding strongly agreed that hand holding helped to decrease anxiety during the procedure. The physician rating for patient compliance did not reveal a significant level of increase with the intervention during surgery. Again, subjectively, the majority of patients strongly agreed that hand holding did help them to be more compliant to the surgeon’s request. None of the participants that received hand holding felt an intrusion of personal space during the treatment. Results strongly suggest, at least subjectively, that hand holding is beneficial in decreasing anxiety, increasing compliance to intraoperative request, and is much welcomed, beneficial nursing intervention. / Thesis / Master

Physical holding is an intense form of physical contact that can be initiated by a therapist during the course of therapy. The purpose of this research is to investigate clients' accounts of what happened in an endeavour to develop a coherent explanation for what occurred in the holding experience. Former clients who experienced sustained physical holding during their therapy describe these experiences and discuss the effects and meanings.The main effects of physical holding were the identifying and experiencing of feelings, and the remembering and re-experiencing of past events.The emerging plot in a therapy incorporating sustained physical holding is emotional healing through emotional contact, regression and a mothering experience.Guided by these elements, an account of Emotionally Focussed Psychotherapy is elaborated to provide an explanation of how clients heal from past infant and childhood traumas through the process of being loved, cared for and nurtured in a mothering experience that is both real and symbolic in a verbal psychotherapy. / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) (Psychology)

Abstract Since the open of domestic financial market recent years, the financial products have become more and more various. In six years, there has been 2.7 funds issued every month on average. For investors, how to choose a good fund company and an appropriate fund from plenty of new offered funds is uneasy. Particularly new offered fund has no history data to examine the performance, and also lacks the regular benchmarks like £]and Sharp ratio. This thesis uses the data of the domestic stock funds which were offered over 1 year from 1997 January 1 to 2006 December 31.The data resources is from TEJ. The study will distinguish all data from whether the prospectuses regulate the funds¡¦ stock holding percentage over 70 ¢H or not. Then we want to investigate the behavior in the first year and to discuss if the fund managers¡¦ experiment will result in the abnormal performance. The study results shows that the stock holding percentage of the domestic stock funds have been over 70¢H on average since offered 3 months, but the percentage of the funds with free investment period of 3 months is less than 60¢H. However the percentage of the funds with free investment period of 6 months would rise to be 70¢H early in the second or third month. We try to use a statistic way and set a dummy variable to test whether there is different between the performance of the funds with free period and those with limited period. The result shows that there is no fund performance difference between these two period. From the second month after the fund is offered, turnover rare is close or even over the average of one year. The average level is about 30¢H and it shows the domestic stock funds have changed stocks frequently since it is offered . The tenure of Fund managers¡¦ after domestic stock funds raised is 20 months on average from 95 months to 1 month.13¢Mof fund managers will be taken place less than half year after the fund offered, 39¢Mwill be less than 1 year. 60¢Mof the fund managers have ever managed other funds before the newly one which he manage now, but 40¢Mhave no such experiment. The statistics shows that there is no significant different between fund managers¡¦ experiment and fund¡¦s abnormal returns.

The vigorous development of the internet has enabled e-commerce to take the world by storm, and in comparison with other industries, the security industry adopts information technology earlier and has relatively profound application compared to other industries. Facing the rapid changes of the market environment and high competitiveness, enterprises must establish unique competitive strategies in order to survive and keep growing; it is essential for companies to create competitive advantages.From 1988, new security firms were allowed to enter the domestic stock market and accompanied by the bull market, new securities firms sprang up like mushrooms in Taiwan. After mergers, acquisitions and the rise and fall of the stock market, Taiwan¡¦s government implemented the ¡§Financial Holding Company Act¡¨ in 2001; under this Act, financial holding companies can simultaneously provide comprehensive financial services, such as securities, bank and insurance. While the development of the financial market continues to become more diversified, international and larger, the domestic financial sector faces huge changes leading to the situation where philosophy: ¡¥the bigger, the stronger¡¦ prevails. The study takes ¡§S securities firm¡¨ as an example and utilizes its actual securities business to carry out a case study. While facing the rapid changes of international finance and high competitiveness, how a securities firm adopts the resource-based view (RBV), experiences future development and increases its competitive advantages, is examined. Through the data study of related industries, investigation of literature and theories and SWOT analysis, this study aims to understand the possible development and management strategies of e-brokers to increase enterprise competitiveness and market share, and achieve the goal of sustainable management. Joining financial holding company can possess several advantages, but it is not the only possible development for securities firms. During the times of low interest rate, any new financial instruments are easy to attract the attention of investors. Moreover, while competing against so many tough contestants, if securities firms can master the crucial competitive advantages and make a good use of them, the crisis might be a turning point. The study aims at analyzing small securities firms; while dealing with the management difficulties, they strengthen their competitiveness by improving service quality, building strategic alliance, carrying out customer-level analysis, creating a trustworthy investment environment, implementing diversification management, recruiting excellent talents, etc., in the hope of enhancing a steady and vigorous development for E-broker business.

Summary With the implement of 'The Law of Financial Holding Company(FHC) ¡§, 14 FHCs which have advantages such as huge fund and extensive marketing channel were established successively at the end of the year 2001. In spite of the legality of managing across industries, the FHC still cannot make consumers understand what the Financial Holding means. According to the chaos of the recognition about the FHC brand, this research intends to examine the internal FHC in order to study how the parent company manages the subsidiary¡¦s brand. At the same time, basis on the concept of internal marketing from service industry, this research also studies the way of subsidiary¡¦s internal marketing. This research adopts the qualitative method and quantitative method. In the qualitative interview, we collect the management concepts about the parent company operating the brand identity. In the quantitative statistics, we examine the employee¡¦s identity degree about the brand and internal marketing in the subsidiary to conclude the outcome of internal marketing system. The following are the discoveries of this research: First¡BBrand Identity System of FHC 1. The FHC adopts the way ¡§top down¡¨ to plan the group's brand, and the subsidiary does not participate in actual decision . 2. Whether the subject organization of FHC exists or not determines that structure of group's brand identity. 3. The comprehensive of Brand Identity is the synergistic outcome while the FHCs merge. Second¡BBrand communication of FHC 1.Changing the name of financial industry or group itself will accelerate the process of brand outside. 2.The advertising benefit determines the outside advertising subject of brands. 3. Inside brand information is transmitted through the application system and entry website of FHC. Third¡BManage the relation between organization culture and brand. 1. The combine of brands didn¡¦t affect organization culture of every subsidiary which operate independently . 2. Organization culture will influence the benefit of group¡¦s brand in the future. Fourth¡BManage the relation between market condition and brand The parent company pays attention to the subsidiary original profession under group's brand . Fifth¡BInternal marketing system and brand identification 1.It is having dependence and influence that inside internal marketing and brand identification. 2.Individual variables are not obviously correlated with the consciousness degree of internal marketing and brand identification 3.The average of Internal marketing and brand identification of Cathay United Bank and Chiao Tung Bank is lower than another subsidiary of FHC in this study. In a word, the parent company have to establish management style to enlarge the power of brand elements; and subsidiary must strengthen internal marketing system to make higher brand identification of all employees.

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This study focused on measuring courteous behavior on the University of Texas at Austin (UT) students on campus. This behavior was measured through analyzing various factors involved when a person opened the door for another. The goal was to determine which factors would significantly affect the probability that a person would hold a door for another. Three UT buildings with no automatic doors were selected (RLM, FAC and GRE), and 200 pairs of students at each location were observed to see whether they would open doors for others. These subjects were not disturbed during the data collection process. For each observation, the door holding conditions, genders, position (whether it was the one who opened the door or the recipient of this courteous gesture, abbreviated as recipient), distance between the person opening the door and the recipient, and the number of recipients were recorded. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the probability of people opening the doors for others was significantly affected by gender, position, distance between the person opening the door and the recipient, the number of recipients, and the interaction term between gender and position. The study revealed that men had a slightly higher propensity of opening the doors for the recipients. The odds for men were a multiplicative factor of 1.09 of that for women on average, holding all other factors constant. However, women had much higher probability of having doors held open for them. The odds for men were a multiplicative factor of 0.55 of that for women on average, holding all other factors constant. In terms of the distance between the person opening the door and the recipient, for each meter increase in distance, the odds that the door would be held open would decrease by a multiplicative factor of 0.40 on average. Additionally, for each increase in number of recipients, the odds that the door would be held open would increase by a multiplicative factor of 1.32 on average. / text