“Sustainable development cannot happen without innovation. The challenge before every organization is to develop innovation strategies that not only respond to changes in the environment and societal pressures but also consider the needs and expectations of various stakeholders. The increasing turbulence in the external business environment has focused attention on the resources and organizational capabilities as the principal source of competitive advantage,” (Dasgupta & Gupta 2009, p.204). The intention of this research project is to determine how a business unit of a subsidiary in the professional services industry in an emerging market economy changed strategy from being an implementer (Gupta&Govindarajan, 1991, p.774), of head office strategy to “developing innovation strategies” (Dasgupta&Gupta 2009, p.204); to adapt to a change in the external environment that was caused by a crisis in the global economy.This study will also investigate the impact of having to change strategy, on the capability and development of the business unit of the subsidiary.A project on holding company subsidiary relationships cannot be complete without investigating how a change in strategy of a business unit of the subsidiary affected the relationship between the holding company and the subsidiary.The study looks specifically at a period that was marked by economic turmoil that is the time of the global financial crisis during the years 2008, 2009 and the years after. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

The primary aim of this study was to fill a gap in the literature in understanding maximal BH in untrained, non-divers by generating a predictive numerical model for PAO2 and PACO2 throughout BH. There have been little to no previous attempts at explicitly characterizing the influence of impermanent personal or environmental factors on PAO2 or PACO2 at BH breakpoint. The metabolic human consumption of O2 and production of CO2 as measured through alveolar partial pressures was observed over time during a voluntary maximum breath-hold for 18 members of the general population. The coefficient of determination was used to determine accuracy of the model in fitting participants’ BH data from this experiment. The volume of the last inhalation pre-BH, time to subjective breakpoint, and breath-to-breath calculated respiratory exchange ratio (RER) were identified as the most influential combination of key variables that improved PAO2 model fit (from R2 = 0.8591 to R2 = 0.8840). Clustering methods coupled with two sample t-tests or ANOVA were then used to identify survey responses most correlated to inter-BH similarities. These were barometric pressure, age, height, weight, resting HR, smoker/ freediver/scuba experience, and weekly frequency of engaging in physical exercise. The model was validated on testing data from an experienced free-diver, from non-rebreathing trials of a sample of the participants, and from simulated dives of 5 participants from research in the Environmental Physiology Department of Karolinska in 1994 [1]. It has been suggested that the presented model can be a valuable tool in developing safer free diving practices. Furthermore, interesting trends in continuous HR, starting PACO2 values, and O2 consumption were observed and analyzed using statistical analysis. Findings were discussed with connection to the underlying physiological principles that might explain the results obtained.

Wooden breast (WB) is a Pectoralis major muscle myopathy in broilers that has negatively impacted breast meat quality and the poultry industry for over five years. The objective of this research was to evaluate quality differences in normal (NOR), moderately woody (MOD), and severely woody (SEV) broiler breast meat marinated with water (control), water, sodium phosphate, and salt (traditional) and water, potassium carbonate and salt (clean label). The second objective of this research was to evaluate quality differences in chicken patties made with varying percentages of NOR to SEV breast meat (0% NOR, 33% NOR, 67% NOR, 100% NOR) and marinades using salt (control), salt and sodium phosphate (traditional), or salt and potassium carbonate (clean label) as functional ingredients in patties. Overall marination did not significantly improve eating quality of WB meat, and no more than 33% of SEV WB meat should be added to any comminuted chicken product.

No description available.

Recently, there has been an increase in the incidence of pale soft and exudative poultry meat. Pale, soft, and exudative (PSE) meat is caused by a decline in pH early postmortem while carcass temperatures are still high. This decrease in pH leads to protein denaturation attributing to the pale color and poor water holding capacity (WHC) that is characteristic of this lesser quality meat. Pale, soft, and exudative meat has economic implications for processors with losses ranging between $2-4 million each year. Marination with salt and phosphates has been shown to improve protein functionality, thereby reducing lost meat yield and improving meat color, WHC, and texture. However, there are few studies relating marination with phosphates to improvements in PSE meat. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if color, WHC, and texture improvements could be obtained in PSE meat via marination with various phosphate and NaCl treatments without altering the quality and oxidative stability of normal or PSE meat. In Experiment 1, 12 phosphates were evaluated for improvements in pH, color, and WHC of PSE meat. From these, five phosphates were chosen based on pH, color, and WHC improvements for Experiment 2. The marinades used in Experiment 2 increased the pH, decreased the L* values of the pale fillets, and improved water holding capacity. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, sensory, and microbial analysis studies concluded that marination with high pH phosphates can reduce the undesirable characteristics of PSE meat without increasing the development of oxidation, altering flavor, or reducing shelf-life. / Master of Science

Due to the increasing need to provide refugia for freshwater mussels impacted by anthropogenic activities and exotic species, facilities should be identified and protocols developed for holding mussels in captivity. White Sulphur Springs National Fish Hatchery (WSSNFH), White Sulphur Springs, WV, has held freshwater mussels for nearly eight years, and has the potential to become an important refugium and propagation facility for conservation of mussels in the Ohio River Basin and elsewhere. The goal of this study was to determine the feasibility of holding adult freshwater mussels in long-term captivity at WSSNFH by evaluating survival, energy reserves, and gametogenesis of captive mussels in a recirculating pond system. I relocated three mussel species in the summer of 2001 and 10 mussel species in the summer of 2002 to a recirculating pond system (reservoir and raceway) at the hatchery. Water quality parameters of pH, alkalinity, hardness, temperature, and dissolved oxygen; and algal concentrations were measured periodically from summer 2001 to summer 2003. Annual survival rates of 10 species were estimated (August 2002 to August 2003) using the program MARK. Glycogen, protein, and lipid concentrations in mantle tissue of three captive species (Actinonaias ligamentina, Cyclonaias tuberculata, and Tritogonia verrucosa) were compared to those of wild mussels in the New River. Gametogenic activity and synchrony in A. ligamentina and C. tuberculata were compared between captive and wild mussels. Water quality parameters, with the exception of temperature, were within desirable ranges for most of the study. Temperatures of > 28° C were observed for several days during summers 2002 and 2003. Algal concentrations averaged 1903 cells ml-1 in the raceway (range: 300 to 4658 cells ml-1), which is comparable to algal concentrations reported for nearby rivers. The overall survival rate for 10 freshwater mussel species held in the raceway for one year was 77%. Villosa vanuxemensis had the highest survival rate (96%), and Lampsilis cardium had the lowest survival rate (31%). Although there were fluctuations in glycogen, protein, and lipid levels over 2 yr, there were no overall differences in energy substrates between captive and wild mussels at the end of the study. Captivity did not appear to have a negative affect on gametogenesis. Captive C. tuberculata spawned within the expected time frame between January and June, but slightly earlier than their wild counterparts in the New River. Due to the infestation of the gonads of both captive and wild A. ligamentina by digenean trematodes, little gametogenesis was observed. However, captive holding did not appear to have an effect on trematode infestation rates. From these results, I conclude that captive holding conditions in the recirculating pond system at WSSNFH were adequate for long-term holding of a wide range of mussel taxa. I recommend that WSSNFH continue to be used as an adult holding facility. Further research should be conducted to determine food and habitat preferences of freshwater mussel species in captivity so that optimal holding conditions can be provided for each species. / Master of Science

Thesis advisor: Jean M. Bartunek / In certain professions, members are routinely exposed to situations where their life or the life of someone else is on the line. Workers in these professions are exposed to traumatic situations over the course of a career and are likely to experience certain feelings such as sadness, emotional pain, and fear in response to these traumatic events. Through two inductive qualitative studies, this dissertation builds theory around how individuals involved in life-and-death work (police officers), process the emotions that are elicited by traumatic events without violating the emotional norms of their profession that encourage suppression. These two studies show how individuals create a trusted group of “safe others” with whom they experience a psychological sense of community. Together, community members imbue certain physical spaces with meaning (“safe places”). When safe others come together in safe places, community holding spaces are created which enable the enactment of safe emotional processing. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2022. / Submitted to: Boston College. Carroll School of Management. / Discipline: Management and Organization.

Univ., Diss.--Erlangen-Nürnberg, 2002.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universiẗat Düsseldorf, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 251-266).

Submitted by Raquel Pedro (ralmeidapedro@gmail.com) on 2012-10-18T19:05:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_MEX_Raquel Pedro.pdf: 1919219 bytes, checksum: ab40c4cbc3cfa14761dc6765204d455c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Janete de Oliveira Feitosa (janete.feitosa@fgv.br) on 2012-10-18T19:12:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_MEX_Raquel Pedro.pdf: 1919219 bytes, checksum: ab40c4cbc3cfa14761dc6765204d455c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2012-10-19T14:01:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_MEX_Raquel Pedro.pdf: 1919219 bytes, checksum: ab40c4cbc3cfa14761dc6765204d455c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-19T14:01:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_MEX_Raquel Pedro.pdf: 1919219 bytes, checksum: ab40c4cbc3cfa14761dc6765204d455c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-31 / O objetivo desta dissertação é analisar modelos de governança de subsidiárias que atuam no Brasil, buscando identificar os mecanismos mais adotados, bem como levantar os problemas de agência em relação às empresas controladoras, que podem ocorrer ou se intensificar em função de possíveis desvios nesses modelos, impactando as decisões empresariais. Tendo como referência a governança corporativa e os pressupostos e propostas da teoria da agência, o estudo constrói uma revisão da relação empresa acionista-subsidiárias em diferentes pesquisas. / The purpose of this paper is to analyze the subsidiaries governance models within Brazil, aiming to identify the most adopted mechanisms, and also recognize the agency problems related to the holdings that can happen or be intensified due to some deviations in these models, affecting the business decisions. Based on corporative governance and on the assumptions and proposals of the agency theory, the paper reviews the relationship between holding companies and their subsidiaries in different studies.