Este trabalho visa mostrar a importância da participação popular no processo de produção da moradia no contexto das políticas públicas e programas habitacionais no Brasil. Esta participação aponta para a elevação do nível organizativo do poder público e da comunidade e para uma mais ampla e adequada apropriação do espaço urbano construído pela população. A contextualização do quadro das políticas habitacionais no Brasil, o processo de descentralização do poder público e o processo de desenvolvimento da participação popular nos projetos habitacionais são apresentados como auxílio à compreensão do que se pretende observar quanto à formatação de políticas e programas habitacionais que valorizam a população como peça fundamental no processo. São apresentadas algumas experiências consideradas importantes sob o ponto de vista da participação popular na produção da moradia, como as Cooperativas Uruguaias e o Programa FUNAPS Comunitário da Prefeitura de São Paulo. Três projetos habitacionais em fase de conclusão em três diferentes municípios da Grande São Paulo foram estudados nesta pesquisa. Por meio de uma análise crítica comparativa foram estabelecidos critérios para verificar como o poder público tem administrado a questão da falta de moradia, que afeta principalmente a população mais empobrecida e ainda como tem tratado o direito garantido da participação popular no contexto de seus programas habitacionais nos dias de hoje. / This essay intents to show the importance of the popular participation in the residence building process, when treated in terms of public polices and housing programs in Brazil. This participation may contribute to an increasing on the organization level of public power and their communities, besides the aid for an increasing in urban appropriation by the population. The contextualization of the situation of public polices in Brazil, the public power decentralization process and the popular development participation in housing-production, are shown as a contribution to the understanding about the formatting of housing publics polices that value the poor population as a fundamental part in this process. This work shows some important experiences referring to the popular participation in housing productions, as the Uruguaian Cooperatives and the FUNAPS´ Program from São Paulo´s city hall. Three housing projects in conclusion phases occurring in three different cities of São Paulo´s Metropolitan Region have been studied in this research. The methodology used to study these projects was a comparative analyzes by previews established criteria in order to verify how the public power has managed the problem of housing lack, which affects principally the poorest population and also to identify how has been treated the guaranteed rights of the popular participation in housing programs nowadays.

O setor da construção civil é hoje considerado não somente o maior consumidor de recursos e energia, mas também o maior gerador de resíduos nos centros urbanos. Uma reformulação no setor faz-se necessária para a melhoria dos processos de produção e prevenção dos efeitos da poluição. Estas mudanças são essenciais para que se desenvolvam tecnologias construtivas mais limpas e mais eficientes, que reduzam os impactos ao meio ambiente através de um uso mais racional dos recursos naturais (com menor consumo energético e diminuição dos resíduos gerados), minimizando o desperdício de matéria-prima já escassas. Este trabalho foi realizado a partir de dados coletados em 10 serrarias que processam madeira serrada de pinus na região administrativa de Sorocaba. Nesta região concentra-se atualmente o maior potencial madeireiro do Estado de São Paulo, 42,3% de toda a área de florestas plantadas do Estado, sendo também o maior centro produtor de pinus do Estado, com 58,5%. Esses dados foram convertidos para o cálculo do consumo energético no processamento do eucalipto. Dada a relevância do consumo de energia e a quantidade de entulhos gerados pelo setor da construção civil, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar, dentro da cadeia produtiva da madeira serrada, o consumo energético e os resíduos gerados na produção de componentes construtivos utilizados em painéis de vedação para casas de madeira. Foram analisadas peças de seções comerciais utilizadas em três tipos diferentes de painéis. Dois destes sistemas pré-fabricados, executados na cidade de São Carlos - SP, possuem sistema estrutural em madeira serrada de eucalipto com paredes duplas de pinus. Um deles possui na face interna, lambri e, na externa, deck horizontal, enquanto o outro sistema construtivo possui na face interna, lambri e, na face externa, tábua mata-junta. O terceiro sistema de vedação, construído em Campos do Jordão - SP, é composto por estrutura em pórticos de madeira serrada de pinus com paredes externas de fechamento duplo de lambri de 2,2 cm de espessura. A parede interna é simples com apenas uma camada de lambri de igual espessura. O consumo de energia foi medido para cada tipologia de painel construído, calculando-se o número de operações de corte e a potência de cada equipamento envolvido. Os resíduos gerados foram obtidos a partir do cálculo da área de material particulado removido. O índice de desempenho energético foi aferido em kWh por metro quadrado de painel (energia) e em metros cúbicos por metro quadrado de painel (resíduo). Estes resultados poderão vir a ser comparados com diferentes materiais de construção utilizados em sistemas de vedação, assim como fornecer informações para análise do grau de sustentabilidade na produção de um edifício de madeira em relação ao consumo energético. / The civil construction sector today is considered not only the greatest consumer of material and energy resources in urban centres, but also a major generator of waste. The sector needs a reformulation for the improvement of production and for the prevention of pollution. It is therefore essential to consider cleaner and more efficient technological processes, i. e., to decrease environmental impacts through a more rational use of resources (with lower consumption of energy anbd less production-related waste), minimizing the squandering of scarce resources. The study reported on here was based on data collected from ten pine sawmills in the region of Sorocaba, state of São Paulo, Brazil. This region currently possesses the greatest potential for sawed wood in the state of São Paulo, 42.3% of all the forest planted in State, and is the state\'s largest pinewood producer, about 58.5%. Those datas were also aplicated to calculate the energy consumed for sawn eucalyptus pieces. Given the relevance of energy consumption and the quantity of produced rubbish by the construction sector, the purpose of this work is to analyse the consumption of energy and the produced waste in the productive cycle of boards for wooden housing, from the cutting stage, processing, and prefabrication of componentes to the assembly of wall panels. This study involved wooden boards of commercial dimensions applied in three different types of panelling in three buildings. Two of theseprefabricated systems, executed in the city of São Carlos, have a structural system made of sawn eucalyptus wood with double walls of pine. One of them is lined internally with wainscoting and externally with horizontal decking, while the other system has internal wainscotting and external match boarding. The third system, built in Campos de Jordão, is composed of a structural framework of sawed pine, with external double shutter walls of 2.2 mm match boarding and simple internal walls consisting of a single layer of 2.2 mm thick match boarding. The consumption of energy was measured for each kind of board produced, calculated from the number of cutting operations and the power of each machines involved. The produced waste was calculated by the area of removed particulate material. The energy performance index were expressed in kWh consumed per square meter of wood panel produced (enegy) and in m3 produced per square meter of wood panel produced (waste). These data will serve as the basis for a comparison with various types of construction materials used in wall systems (concrete, brick and others), and provide information for the analysis of the sustainability of wooden construction systems from the standpoint of energy consumption.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-11-16T17:57:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Natália Machado Mergen_.pdf: 3406281 bytes, checksum: 7a4504fe75f81db4d6a7296de374cce9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-16T17:57:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Natália Machado Mergen_.pdf: 3406281 bytes, checksum: 7a4504fe75f81db4d6a7296de374cce9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-03 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / PROSUP - Programa de Suporte à Pós-Gradução de Instituições de Ensino Particulares / Nesta dissertação serão analisadas estruturas arqueológicas relacionadas às populações Jê Meridionais, existentes no município de São José do Cerrito, no Planalto Catarinense. A análise busca identificar indícios de complexidade em assentamentos do grupo, datados em diferentes períodos de ocupação. Estes, quando relacionados num mesmo processo, revelam diferenças na estruturação dos assentamentos, dados que contribuem para uma compreensão maior deste processo. Através do estudo dos assentamentos foram identificados três momentos de ocupação, que podem ser relacionados às mudanças ambientais ocorridas na região. No primeiro momento existem assentamentos rápidos, a céu aberto, em áreas de campo, num ambiente com recursos dispersos. No segundo momento existem assentamentos mais estáveis e mais prolongados, com estruturas subterrâneas ainda sem cerâmica, num ambiente onde os recursos da araucária começaram a se concentrar. No terceiro momento existem assentamentos mais sedentários e longos, com estruturas subterrâneas, estruturas cerimoniais e uso de cerâmica, num ambiente com recursos abundantes e estáveis. Neste último período, as estruturas subterrâneas também se transformaram, passando de estruturas grandes para estruturas geminadas e pequenas. Esta dinamicidade promove uma relativização das concepções que buscam associar todos os sítios com estruturas atribuídas ao Jê Meridional como pertencentes ao mesmo período cronológico. Esta diversificação questiona as visões que enxergam as estruturas como parte de uma única etapa de ocupação. / In this dissertation, archeological structures related to the Jê Meridional people, from the municipality of São José do Cerrito, in the state of Santa Catarina, will be analyzed. The analysis aims to identify traces of complexity in settlements corresponding to different periods of occupation of the group. These settlements, when compared to each other in a same process, reveal differences in the structuration of the settlements, which can contribute to a larger understanding of this process. Three different moments of occupation were identified which we can relate to environmental changes in the region. At the first moment, there are speedy settlements, on the open air, on campo’s areas, in a general environment with scattered resources. At a second moment, the settlements are more stable and lasting, with pit houses, still without pottery, in an environment where the resources of the Araucaria tree start to concentrate. At a third moment, the settlements are more sedentary and even more lasting, with pit houses, ceremonial structures and the use of pottery, in an environment with plentiful and stable resources. In this last period, the pit houses change from large to geminate and smaller structures. This observed dynamicity relativizes the conceptions that try to associate all the sites with the mentioned structures of the Jê Meridional to the same chronological period. This diversification questions the view that all these structures are part of a single stage of occupation.

Thesis. 1975. M.C.P.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning. / Bibliography: leaves 135-136. / M.C.P.

Thesis (M.A. (African languages)) --University of Limpopo, 2009 / The purpose of this study is to investigate the issue of bestowing honour to royalty in the Mphaphuli dynasty.The investigation focuses on the origin of the Mphaphuli dynasty. The Chieftainship has been traced right from the beginning when they arrived in South Africa until the current era. According to sources that have been consulted, the chief’s subjects used to respect him/her. Instructions given by the chief used to be carried out in a more positive way than it is in the present era. The socio-economic activities are also covered in the study. It has been shown that chiefs in the Mphaphuli dynasty are no longer getting what they are entitled to. Many subjects no longer find it necessary to participate in traditional activities such as Tshikona and Domba. The money that is supposed to be given to the chief no longer goes to him as it used to be due to modern social and political factors. The study also focuses on the impact of politicians on the status of the Mphaphuli dynasty. The democratic era has brought many changes when it comes to the aspect of the chief’’s authority. The functions of the chief are not clearly defined in the Constitution. By the look of things, some of the chief’s functions have been stripped off. For instance, the Thulamela Municipality has the right to give people residential sites. The chief is not consulted when this is being done. Money collected from buyers of sites goes to the Municipality. Civic associations on the other hand are always at loggerheads with chiefs. The chief’s subjects are sometimes encouraged to defy his commands.The study highlights critical challenges chiefs in the Mphaphili dynasty are facing. It reveals the fact that subjects are confused as to who has the final authority, the chief or the municipality? Things will run smoothly in the dynasty when the chief’s roles are well spelt out in the Constitution

Thesis (MPA.) --University of Limpopo, 2011 / Refer to document

In India, various underlying gender related structural factors (i.e., interpersonal violence, lack of social supports, limited opportunities, poverty, and gender biases in mental health practice) serve to keep women living with serious mental illness isolated in psychiatric institutions. Despite this, narratives of women living with serious mental illness and their experiences within institutions have received limited visibility in research. The present study addresses this crucial gap by documenting the lives of women who are former inpatients of a mental hospital and are currently residing at a halfway home in India. I adopted a social constructivist narrative approach to incorporate women’s experiences and examine the context and ways in which their experiences were shaped and situated. Specifically, the study explored the following questions. 1. How do women describe their experiences and perceptions related to the illness and living at a psychiatric institution (i.e., mental hospital and the halfway home)? 2. What are the physical and social characteristics of the halfway home serving women living with serious mental illness in India? I answered the first question using narrative data, collected through 34 in-depth interviews with 11 women residents at the halfway home, I examined the second question using field notes that included everyday observations and interactions with women residents, staff members, and interviews with the Director, the Psychologist, the Social Worker, and the Head Housemother at the halfway home. Thereafter, using the theories of self-in-relation (Miller, 1976; Surrey, 1985), institutionalization (Goffman, 1961), and intersectionality (Crenshaw, 1990), I dissect the two research questions further to analyse how women’s experiences and perceptions related to illness and institutionalization are shaped by their gender and social positioning. Using a gender lens, I also critically examine the psychosocial rehabilitation program at the halfway home and ways in which it supports women living with serious mental illness. I used Fraser (2004) guidelines to analyse the narrative data and Emerson, Fretz & Shaw (1995) guidelines to analyse field notes. Women’s narratives highlight that gender and social positioning significantly shape their experiences of living with mental illness in India. Women perceived their discriminatory social context, particularly restrictive gender norms, a lifetime of denied opportunities, loss of relationships, and violence both in the natal and marital family as factors that contributed and/or exacerbated their illness experiences. Women’s narratives of institutionalization were also embedded in discriminatory social contexts. Poverty and gender disadvantage were the primary reasons for women’s admission to mental hospitals. Furthermore, the shift in care from institutions like mental hospitals to less restrictive institutions like the halfway home did not necessarily improve the lives of women living with serious mental illness. Women share several gender-specific barriers to leaving the halfway home. Furthermore, psychiatric institutions often mirrored patriarchal social relations by perpetuating illness and gender related biases in the delivery of care.

No description available.

Abstract not available

This thesis describes experimental work conducted to define factors associated with the occurrence of ecchymosis (blood splash) in fallow deer, and discusses facets of the Australian venison processing sector with respect to its capacity to improve the quality of venison. Data was collected on 1804 deer slaughtered experimentally (n equals 494) or at commercial works (n equals 1310) in a range of different slaughter systems. The study showed that a number of factors contribute to the expression of ecchymosis in the carcases of slaughtered deer, and the tailoring of slaughter procedures to suit particular slaughter systems is likely to reduce the extent to which ecchymosis occurs. / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)