published_or_final_version / Urban Planning / Master / Master of Science in Urban Planning

Pastatu apšiltinimas, renovacija nagrin(jama jau daug metu, tai aktuali tema daugelyje šaliu. Renovuotuose pastatuose maž(ja šilumos suvartojimas, did(ja busto kaina. Darbo tikslas – nustatyti šilumos taupymo daugiabuciame pastate galimybes gerinant atitvaru charakteristikas, galimybiu analizei taikant ArchiCad EcoDesigner programini paketa, nustatyti programos galimybes, parenkant renovuojamu pastatu atitvaru charakteristikas. Pastatams pritaikomi trys energijos taupymo paketai: standartinis, vidutinis ir maksimalus, paketai lyginami tarpusavyje. Darba sudaro 6 dalys: ivadas, trys skyriai, išvados ir literaturos sarašas. Darbo apimtis - 69 puslapiu be priedu, 68 paveikslas, 11 lenteliu, 35 literaturos šaltiniai. / House heating and renovation has been the topic of research for many years and is an important issue in many countries today. House renovation brings savings over a certain period of time and it is very important that the resident would feel the benefits. The purpose of this work is to identify heat saving posibilities in multi-storey houses by bettering the characteristics of external house walls, comparing them to the ones of houses under renovation and by using the ArchiCad EcoDesigner software package for the possibility analysis establishing the capabilities of the software package. The houses are introduced with three energy saving packages: standard, medium and maximal, the packages are compared with each other as well. The work consists of 6 parts: Introduction, Three chapters, conclussion and the bibliography. The volume of the work- 69 pages without apendixes, 60 picture, 9 tables, 35 bibliography.

The purpose of this study was to determine the required knowledge and skills of mobile home metalworkers in the Dallas-Fort Worth area as compared to the Industrial Arts metalworking curriculum presented in Texas Education Agency, Bulletin 615. Items of significance in Chapter IV appear in findings, conclusions, and recommendations. The "use of basic hand tools" and "safety concepts" were consistently emphasized and required by manufacturing firms. It was found that educational requirements were quite often "some high school" or less. It was found that Industrial Arts metalworking curriculum was closely related to required knowledge and skills of mobile home metalworkers. It was recommended that Industrial Arts course work be extended into lower levels of education.

Everything about the Republic of South Africa is said to be entering exciting times and facing new challenges. This is usually said within the context and against the backdrop of a changing face of South African political and economic landscapes from the past history of exclusion, deprivation, segregation and prejudice to the future of inclusion, tolerance, equal distribution and social harmony. The economic equal distributive idea is likened to the socio-democratic ideals of social justice, which advocates equal distribution of wealth to all citizens of the country. The South African idea is that South Africans are now in the new social era and the social transformation, on all fronts and most particularly the economic front, must move with the times and reflect the times that all its citizens find themselves in. On the political front, the year 1994 ushered in a new face of South Africa with the first democratic elections which, for the first time in hundreds of years, saw the inclusion and participation of the African majority of its citizens. These changes were soon entrenched by the adoption of the new South African Constitution, which espouses noble ideas of respect, equality, tolerance, economic development, distribution and access to country's wealth in a fair and equitable manner. The Constitution forces its citizens and the government to seek to redress the past imbalances particularly in the economic front and proactively take measures to see to this equilibrium of South Africa's wealth. Legislature, various political fronts and various economic fronts rallied around these principles and began talking the concept of Broad- Based Black Economic Empowerment. This concept has one central theme, which is to advance the economic participation of the previously (and in many respects the current) disadvantaged individuals into the mainstream economic activities of the country. It further aims to fast track their access to economic wealth and sharing of the fruit of common market and to seek to even out the economic disparities in many sectors of the society. As to how this empowerment process is being implemented and achieved, this paper will not even begin to traverse the diverse proposals and ideas of its implementation and realisations. Various economic sectors produced sector-specific economic empowerment charters in an attempt to lay the road maps on how to achieve this equilibrium of wealth distribution into the African hands. Virtually all-economic sectors are being active in that front including the mining sector. The Mineral and Petroleum Charter was among the first industry-specific charter to be produced after much publicised debates as to the best frame within which to approach and implement this concept. After that charter has been adopted and its implementation being realised, the South African government seeks now to introduces the Mineral and Petroleum Royalty Bill, which aims to collect monies from the mining houses that conduct mining activities in many areas. The move has caused many heated debates within the industry with the government forging ahead with its proposal subject to various consultative processes, while the business is also forging ahead with its attempts to halt this move right in its drafting stages. The purpose of this essay will be to look at the concept of the royalties, what they are, why is the South African government keen to introduce this Bill, why is business against them, why do we have them over and beyond the normal mining tax systems and the requirements of Black Economic Empowerment programs. In doing so, the article will also shed some light on their (royalties) nature and make necessary proposals in the process which, it is hoped, would in the main assist government and the Department of Minerals and Energy (DME) to implement, modify and manage royalty regime(s) in the mining and the petroleum industries. The essay will, to the extent that it can, rely on case law but the topic is mostly theoretical in South Africa and very few case law authority exist to clarify and provide thoroughly researched and considered legal analysis of the topic. The theoretical research of this article will take the reader to various countries that are in more or less the same boat as South Africa in terms of their relative reliance and dependence on mining industry and mining products for economic survival and activities. Similarities also extend to the relative sizes of these countries, similar perceptions of economic participation or lack thereof by mining houses vis-à-vis paying taxes that are congruent with their incomes, non-existing developmental corporate social responsibilities, no or less royalty payments and generally prevailing negative social-environmental impact of mines and mining houses on immediate communities within which they function and carry on their businesses. It is the writer's opinion that the political backgrounds of these countries, as compared with South Africa, also have huge impact and influence on how the concept of royalties can be understood locally. A comparative analysis of their modus operandi will be undertaken to see if the legislative attempts by South Africa is in or out of order in seeking to introduce royalties and whether its reasons are in or out of tune with sound local or international economic principles. Immediate economic concerns surrounding royalties are that royalties have the potential to attract or dismiss much needed investments, be it direct or indirect investment. Their effect on shareholders’ dividends, growing local mining costs/ business and their general impact on financial upkeep of mining operations in South Africa will also be researched in this essay. The essay will therefore assume this outline of topics, definition and origin of the concept; international comparative analysis; the South African past mining regimes visà- vis royalties; the current South African Royalty Bill; critics of the South African royalty Bill; the defenders of the Bill; some proposals; way forward; and conclusion.

Thesis is submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Science in Development Planning to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2016 / The current increase in demand for accommodation in the Johannesburg northern suburbs is linked to the political and demographic changes that took place within South Africa post 1994. During this time there was a flight of affluent white South Africans away from what was then the centre of the country’s economy, the Johannesburg Central Business District (Garner, 2011). There has been an increase in the size of South Africa’s black middle class post 1994, due to the removal of racist legislation impeding the economic advancements of black South Africans, as well as due to the progressive affirmative action policies designed to fast track the advancement of black South Africans (Southall, 2016). Consequently, there has been a steady increase of black middle class people moving into the northern suburbs of Johannesburg. The study was conducted in the Sandton suburbs of Johannesburg, Gauteng. It sought to understand what factors have led to the increase in demand for accommodation in these suburbs from the black middle class. 27 interviews were conducted with participants in the case study areas of Illovo, Sandton Central Business District, Sandown, Bryanston and Sandhurst. The researcher made use of direct observations during the semi-structured interviews. The results showed that research in this area was imperative as it helped to explain the buying and renting patterns of the black middle class. This is important for property developers and the government because the black middle class is a fast growing economic subgroup within the country. This can impact on policy and property development in the country. The study found that the black middle class are moving to the northern suburbs for pragmatic reasons and that proximity to their places of work, proximity to amenities and security are the most important factors causing them to move. / MT2017

O atual programa de contenção do déficit habitacional brasileiro, Minha Casa Minha Vida, criado em 2009, apesar de numericamente significativo, apresenta uma série de complicações e inadequações. Um importante exemplo é a inadequação das construções à Zona Bioclimática na qual o projeto é construído. Diante desse fato, o conforto térmico do usuário deixa a desejar pois os ambientes são desconfortáveis e nada sustentáveis do ponto de vista ambiental. Neste contexto, o trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho térmico de habitações de interesse social do PMCMV na Zona Bioclimática 4 construídas com paredes de concreto armado moldadas no local, técnica de rápida execução que vem sendo utilizada em larga escala no país; complementarmente, foi analisada a percepção do usuário frente às condições de conforto térmico em um desses residenciais. A avaliação do desempenho térmico das habitações foi feita com base nos regulamentos nacionais NBR 15220 e NBR 15575 em seus procedimentos simplificados; para avaliar a ventilação, via método de visualização de escoamento (mesa dágua) e a insolação, via simulação computacional de horas de sombreamento com auxílio de cartas solares; para a avaliação da percepção do usuário frente ao conforto térmico, foram feitas pesquisas de campo em um dos empreendimentos de habitações sociais na zona em estudo tendo como base os questionários ASHRAE 55 juntamente com coleta de dados climáticos de temperatura e umidade relativa e com levantamento de modificações projetuais. A partir dos dados coletados, pôde-se confirmar objetivamente a inadequação aos limites mínimos estabelecidos pelas normas de desempenho térmico nos parâmetros de vedação vertical e cobertura. Em entrevista com os moradores, as casas foram consideradas desconfortáveis termicamente no inverno e verão. A partir do diagnóstico das alterações nos projetos, nota-se que a maior parte das casas sofrem alterações para maior adequação à vida dos moradores, essas que se tornam responsáveis pelo desconforto térmico. Fica evidente a necessidade do aumento da inércia térmica do sistema construtivo, para futuras casas construídas com o referido sistema além da necessidade de um plano de expansão da moradia que oriente o morador a fazer modificações que não prejudiquem o desempenho térmico do edifício e o conforto térmico dos habitantes. / The current Brazilian low-income housing program, named Minha Casa Minha Vida, was created in 2009 by the Brazilian government and despite being numerically significant, it has many significant issues that affect its quality. One important example is the used construction methods that do not take into account the climate or the bioclimatic zones where the houses are located resulting in energy efficiency, environmental and thermal confirm issues. This work is developed in this context and aims to evaluate the objective and subjective thermal performance of the houses built in the Zone 4 with reinforced concrete walls molded in place, which is a widespread construction technique within the studied program. Thermal performance of the dwellings was analyzed in the light of the Brazilian regulation norm NBR15220 and NBR 15575. Surveys based on ASHRAE 55 norm were conducted to evaluate the user\'s thermal comfort perception and in situ measurements were taken at the studied bioclimatic zone. From the data collected, we conclude that the houses do not meet the norm limits and that they are also subjectively uncomfortable, during summer and winter. As means to increase comfort, we note that all houses dwellers modified their houses making it clear that future houses should have more thermal inertia and that, as the program expands, dwellers should be instructed to not make construction changes that might affect their thermal comfort.

João Batista Vilanova Artigas (1915-1985) formou-se engenheiroarquiteto em 1937, até a década de 1960 projetou principalmente residências unifamiliares, quase sempre na cidade de São Paulo. Somente a partir de então teria a oportunidade de projetar e construir também edifícios de uso coletivo ou público como clubes, hospitais, universidades, estações, etc. As casas unifamiliares, de um ou dois pavimentos, localizadas na cidade de São Paulo, nos bairros jardim, se situam em terrenos de dimensões reduzidas e estão fortemente condicionadas pelas normas urbanísticas. Artigas fez de sua condição inicial de arquiteto de casas uma virtude e converteu o ato de projetar o habitat em um laboratório de experimentações. Acabou assim destilando um amplo repertório de soluções espaciais, construtivas e de distribuição, tornando suas residências obras emblemáticas e constituintes de um evidente discurso sobre a relação entre a casa e a cidade. Têm especial interesse, como argumento principal da dissertação, a consolidação dos paradigmas da casa e formação dos tipos, que logo seriam aplicados na produção dos projetos de dimensão coletiva e edifícios públicos, obras que passaram a dominar a pauta do arquiteto da maturidade até o final de sua produção. É também a oportunidade de refletir sobre a casa, o edifício público e suas relações com a cidade e a urbanidade que aí surge. Propõe-se o entendimento desse processo de mudança de escala e permanência de significados e valores, como um amálgama que dá unidade à obra de Artigas. / João Batista Vilanova Artigas (1915-1985) graduated as an architect-engineer in 1937, designing until the 1960s mostly single-family houses in the city of São Paulo. Only thereafter did he have the opportunity to design and construct public buildings, such as clubs, hospitals, universities, stations, etc. Single-family houses, with one or two floors, located in the cite jardin areas of São Paulo, lie on limited lands and are strongly restricted by urbanistic regulation. Artigas turned his starting point as a house architect into a virtue and converted the act of designing habitats into an experimental laboratory. Consequently he ended up mixing a wide range of spatial, constructive and distribution solutions, making his residences emblematic works of art and constituents of a clear speech on the relationship between house and city. The main objective of this dissertation is the consolidation of the house paradigm and formation of types that would soon be applied on projects of collective dimensions and public buildings, works which would dominate the mature architect\'s agenda until the end of his productions. It is also the opportunity to reflect about the house, the public building and its relations with cities and the urbanity that arises. This dissertation also proposes understanding the change of scale and conservation of meanings and values as an amalgam that gives unity to Artigas production.

Esta dissertação apresenta um estudo da arquitetura contemporânea em Curitiba, realizado a partir da análise de oito projetos residenciais. Para este trabalho, foi desenvolvida uma metodologia de análise arquitetônica, apresentada juntamente com os pressupostos teóricos da pesquisa. A dissertação tem como objetivo avaliar o panorama atual da arquitetura da cidade em busca de tendências predominantes. A pesquisa foi dividida em três etapas: uma teórica, uma histórica, e uma analítica. A primeira corresponde ao capítulo dois e estabelece os marcos teóricos essenciais à elaboração da pesquisa, assim como o roteiro metodológico a ser utilizado nas análises das obras construídas. A segunda, desenvolvida nos capítulos três e quatro, tem como objetivo delinear um breve histórico da arquitetura de Curitiba e apresentar as principais tendências da arquitetura contemporânea internacional. Por fim, a terceira etapa deste estudo compreende a analise de oito residências construídas na capital paranaense após os anos 2000. A partir deste estudo, procurou-se evidenciar as permanências e continuidades da nova arquitetura de Curitiba, buscando identificar as tendências predominantes - estéticas, ambientais, tecnológicas - com o objetivo de compreender o cenário arquitetônico atual da cidade e sua relação com a produção brasileira e internacional. Por fim, esse trabalho busca identificar obras criativas e relevantes no panorama da cidade e revelar a essência desta arquitetura, com objetivo de ampliar as discussões acerca da arquitetura de Curitiba e sua pertinência. / This research presents a study on Curitiba\'s contemporary architecture based on the analysis of eight residential projects. It develops an architectural analysis methodology presented with the theoretical basis of the research. It tries to evaluate a current perspective about the city\'s architecture, searching for its main trends. This study was divided in three distinct parts: a theoretical, a historical, and an analytical. The first one corresponds to chapter two of this volume and looks for establish the basic theoretical landmarks for the elaboration of the research, as well as the methodological script used in the analysis of the buildings. Part two, developed in chapter three, presents a brief historical review from Curitiba\'s architecture. Finally, the third part of this research comprehends the analysis of eight houses built in Curitiba after the year 2000. This study identifies the permanent aspects of Curitiba\'s new architecture, searching for main trends - aesthetic, environmental, technological - trying to understand the contemporary architectural scenery from Curitiba and its ballast in the Brazilian an international architectural culture. In conclusion, this research tries to identify creative and relevant constructions in Curitiba\'s overview, searching for permanent aspects in its architecture, in order to promote the debate about the city\'s architecture and its relevance

Esta dissertação apresenta um estudo da arquitetura contemporânea em Curitiba, realizado a partir da análise de oito projetos residenciais. Para este trabalho, foi desenvolvida uma metodologia de análise arquitetônica, apresentada juntamente com os pressupostos teóricos da pesquisa. A dissertação tem como objetivo avaliar o panorama atual da arquitetura da cidade em busca de tendências predominantes. A pesquisa foi dividida em três etapas: uma teórica, uma histórica, e uma analítica. A primeira corresponde ao capítulo dois e estabelece os marcos teóricos essenciais à elaboração da pesquisa, assim como o roteiro metodológico a ser utilizado nas análises das obras construídas. A segunda, desenvolvida nos capítulos três e quatro, tem como objetivo delinear um breve histórico da arquitetura de Curitiba e apresentar as principais tendências da arquitetura contemporânea internacional. Por fim, a terceira etapa deste estudo compreende a analise de oito residências construídas na capital paranaense após os anos 2000. A partir deste estudo, procurou-se evidenciar as permanências e continuidades da nova arquitetura de Curitiba, buscando identificar as tendências predominantes - estéticas, ambientais, tecnológicas - com o objetivo de compreender o cenário arquitetônico atual da cidade e sua relação com a produção brasileira e internacional. Por fim, esse trabalho busca identificar obras criativas e relevantes no panorama da cidade e revelar a essência desta arquitetura, com objetivo de ampliar as discussões acerca da arquitetura de Curitiba e sua pertinência. / This research presents a study on Curitiba\'s contemporary architecture based on the analysis of eight residential projects. It develops an architectural analysis methodology presented with the theoretical basis of the research. It tries to evaluate a current perspective about the city\'s architecture, searching for its main trends. This study was divided in three distinct parts: a theoretical, a historical, and an analytical. The first one corresponds to chapter two of this volume and looks for establish the basic theoretical landmarks for the elaboration of the research, as well as the methodological script used in the analysis of the buildings. Part two, developed in chapter three, presents a brief historical review from Curitiba\'s architecture. Finally, the third part of this research comprehends the analysis of eight houses built in Curitiba after the year 2000. This study identifies the permanent aspects of Curitiba\'s new architecture, searching for main trends - aesthetic, environmental, technological - trying to understand the contemporary architectural scenery from Curitiba and its ballast in the Brazilian an international architectural culture. In conclusion, this research tries to identify creative and relevant constructions in Curitiba\'s overview, searching for permanent aspects in its architecture, in order to promote the debate about the city\'s architecture and its relevance

João Batista Vilanova Artigas (1915-1985) formou-se engenheiroarquiteto em 1937, até a década de 1960 projetou principalmente residências unifamiliares, quase sempre na cidade de São Paulo. Somente a partir de então teria a oportunidade de projetar e construir também edifícios de uso coletivo ou público como clubes, hospitais, universidades, estações, etc. As casas unifamiliares, de um ou dois pavimentos, localizadas na cidade de São Paulo, nos bairros jardim, se situam em terrenos de dimensões reduzidas e estão fortemente condicionadas pelas normas urbanísticas. Artigas fez de sua condição inicial de arquiteto de casas uma virtude e converteu o ato de projetar o habitat em um laboratório de experimentações. Acabou assim destilando um amplo repertório de soluções espaciais, construtivas e de distribuição, tornando suas residências obras emblemáticas e constituintes de um evidente discurso sobre a relação entre a casa e a cidade. Têm especial interesse, como argumento principal da dissertação, a consolidação dos paradigmas da casa e formação dos tipos, que logo seriam aplicados na produção dos projetos de dimensão coletiva e edifícios públicos, obras que passaram a dominar a pauta do arquiteto da maturidade até o final de sua produção. É também a oportunidade de refletir sobre a casa, o edifício público e suas relações com a cidade e a urbanidade que aí surge. Propõe-se o entendimento desse processo de mudança de escala e permanência de significados e valores, como um amálgama que dá unidade à obra de Artigas. / João Batista Vilanova Artigas (1915-1985) graduated as an architect-engineer in 1937, designing until the 1960s mostly single-family houses in the city of São Paulo. Only thereafter did he have the opportunity to design and construct public buildings, such as clubs, hospitals, universities, stations, etc. Single-family houses, with one or two floors, located in the cite jardin areas of São Paulo, lie on limited lands and are strongly restricted by urbanistic regulation. Artigas turned his starting point as a house architect into a virtue and converted the act of designing habitats into an experimental laboratory. Consequently he ended up mixing a wide range of spatial, constructive and distribution solutions, making his residences emblematic works of art and constituents of a clear speech on the relationship between house and city. The main objective of this dissertation is the consolidation of the house paradigm and formation of types that would soon be applied on projects of collective dimensions and public buildings, works which would dominate the mature architect\'s agenda until the end of his productions. It is also the opportunity to reflect about the house, the public building and its relations with cities and the urbanity that arises. This dissertation also proposes understanding the change of scale and conservation of meanings and values as an amalgam that gives unity to Artigas production.